GIS在林业专题图中的制作与应用

GIS在林业专题地图中的制作与应用 以帽儿山实验林场为例

作者姓名：李杰 专业班级：测绘工程32013010603

指导教师：唐斌

摘 要

森林资源是决定一个国家林业生产发展的先决条件，森林资源的数量直接关系到国家重要性的基础资源。依据《森林资源规划设计调查主要技术标准》（GB/T 26424-2010），本文应用GIS技术为核心的3S技术手段对帽儿山实验林场的森林资源状况进行了如下分析：

（1）利用帽儿山实验林场的DOM数据，借助不同GIS软件平台进行森林资源的二类调查，完成林业专题地图制作。

（2）根据跃进施业区的DEM数据派生出坡度和坡向的数据，再进行坡度和坡向分析。

（3）建立森林火险评估机制体系，有效预防森林火灾的发生。

借助帽儿山实验林场林相图对各类森林资源分布状况加以分析，实现了森林火险险情的模拟分析，有效预防了森林火险的发生。

关键词：GIS；林相图；空间分析；森林火险评估

I

Making and Application of GIS in Forestry

Feature Map

Abstract：Forest resources are a prerequisite for determining the development of forestry production in a country. The quantity of forest resources is directly related to the basic resources of national importance. According to the \Resources Planning and Design Survey of the main technical requirements\this paper uses GIS technology as the core of the 3S technology to Maoer Mountain Experimental Forest Farm forest resources status of the following research:

(1)Using the DOM data of Maoer Mountain Experimental Forest Farm, we use the different GIS software platform to carry out the second class investigation of forest resources, and complete the forestry thematic map production.

(2)Based on the DEM data of the leaping area, the slope and slope data are derived, and the slope and aspect analysis are carried out.

(3)To establish a forest fire risk assessment mechanism to effectively prevent the occurrence of forest fires.

With the help of the forest forest map of Maoer Mountain Experimental Forest Farm, the dynamic monitoring of forest fire risk is realized, which can effectively prevent the occurrence of forest fire risk.

Keywords: GIS; forest facies; spatial analysis;forest fire risk assessment

II

目 录

第1章 前言......................................................... 1

1.1 研究背景和意义.............................................................................................. 1 1.2 国内外发展现状.............................................................................................. 3 1.3 研究内容.......................................................................................................... 4 第2章 森林火险评估与林业专题地图设计理论........................... 6

2.1 研究区概况...................................................................................................... 6 2.2 数据预处理...................................................................................................... 7 2.3 建立森林火险评估指标体系........................................................................ 11

2.3.1 限制性因子分析.................................................................................. 11 2.3.2 森林火险区划方法.............................................................................. 13 2.4 森林火险损失评估........................................................................................ 14

2.4.1 森林火灾损失...................................................................................... 14 2.4.2 森林火灾损失评估方法...................................................................... 14 2.5 林业专题地图制作与应用设计模式............................................................ 16 第3章 基于ArcGIS的林业专题地图制作与输出......................... 18

3.1 数据处理........................................................................................................ 18

3.1.1 新建小班图层及字段.......................................................................... 18 3.1.2 小班区划的编辑和拓扑处理.............................................................. 19 3.1.3 加入小班调查属性.............................................................................. 21 3.2 成果输出........................................................................................................ 23

3.2.1 专题地图的制作.................................................................................. 23 3.2.2 林班分布成果图输出.......................................................................... 25 3.2.3 三维可视化渲染专题地图输出.......................................................... 26

第4章 基于MapGIS的林业专题地图的制作与输出....................... 27

4.1 MapGIS软件模块 .......................................................................................... 27 4.2 数据格式转换及误差校正............................................................................ 27

4.2.1 shpfile格式转换 ................................................................................... 27 4.2.2 误差校正及投影变换.......................................................................... 28

III