题型重组练(一) (建议用时：30分钟)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2019·湖南雅礼中学高三模拟)Don’t get mad the next time you catch your teenager texting when he promised to be studying. He simply may not be able to resist. A UI(University of Iowa) study found teenagers are far more sensitive than adults to the immediate effect or reward of their behaviors. The findings may help explain why the initial rush of texting may be more attractive for adolescents than the long-term payoff of studying.
“For the teenager, the rewards are attractive，” says Professor Jatin Vaidya, an author of the study. “They draw adolescents. Sometimes, the rewards are a kind of motivation for them. Even when a behavior is no longer in a teenager’s best interest to continue, he will still go on. That’s because the effect of the reward is still there and lasts much longer in adolescents than in adults.”
For parents, that means limiting distraction so teenagers can make better choices. Take the homework and social media dilemma for example: At 9 p．m., shut off everything except a computer that has no access to Facebook or Twitter, the researchers advise. “I’m not saying they shouldn’t be allowed to have access to technology，” Vaidya says. “But some help in netting their concentration is necessary for them so they can develop those impulse(冲动)-control skills.”
In their study, Vaidya and co-author Shaun Vecera note researchers generally believe teenagers are impulsive, make bad decisions, and engage in risky behavior because the frontal lobes(额叶) of their brains are not fully developed. But the UI researchers wonder whether something more fundamental is going on with adolescents to cause behaviors independent of higher-level reasoning.
“We wanted to try to understand how the brain’s reward system changes from childhood to adulthood，” says Vaidya, who adds the reward character in the human brain is easier than decision-making. “We’ve been trying to understand the reward process in adolescence and whether there is more to adolescence behavior than an underdeveloped frontal lobe，” he adds. For their study, the researchers persuaded 40 adolescents, aged 13 and 16, and 40 adults, aged 20 and 35 to participate.
In the future, researchers hope to look into the psychological and neurological aspects of their results.
1．What does the passage mainly tell us? A．Always, rewards are attractive to teenagers. B．Resistance can be controlled well by adolescents.
C．Getting rewards is the greatest motivation for adolescents to study.
D．The initial rush of texting is less attractive for adolescents than the long-term payoff of studying.
2．Which statement agrees with Jatin Vaidya’s idea? A．Children should have access to the Internet. B．Children need help in refocusing their attention. C．Parents should help children in making decisions. D．The influence of the reward is weak in adolescents.
3．What result does teenagers’ brain underdevelopment lead to? A．Making good decisions. B．Escaping risky behavior. C．Joining in dangerous actions. D．Doing things after some thought.
4．How did the researchers carry out their study? A．By examining adults’ brain. B．By examining teenagers’ brain. C．By building the brain’s reward system. D．By making a comparison of brain examinations.
B
(2019·唐山一模)Stan Lee, co-founder of the Marvel Universe(漫威宇宙) and co-creator of many of its most popular superheroes, died at the age of 95.
Lee was born Stanley Martin Lieber in New York in 1922. As a son of working-class Jewish immigrants from Romania, times were hard and he lived with his family in a shabby single-bedroom apartment. After graduating from high school at 16, Lieber landed a job as an assistant at Timely Comics. By the early 1940s, he was a temporary editor for the company. It was at this time that he began using his pen name—Stan Lee. In 1947, two years after returning from serving for the U．S. Army, Lee married his wife, Joan. The two began their 70-year marriage and had two children.
In the late 1950s, DC Comics breathed new life into its classic superhero and experienced a significant success with its updated version of the Flash, and later with super-team the Justice League of America.
To compete against DC Comics, Lee was given the task of creating their own group of superheroes. In 1961, Timely Comics changed its name into Marvel Comics after Atlas Comics, and that November saw the debut(首次亮相) of the Fantastic Four. Lee’s later famous and
lasting creations of comic-book superheroes included Spider-Man, the Hulk, Thor, Iron Man and the X-Men.
Over the course of his career, Lee was an icon of Marvel Comics. As a writer and editor and, at various points, both the publisher and vice president of Marvel Comics, Lee not only introduced interesting characters to the industry, but changed the way that comic books came together. He also created a cooperative workflow between writers and artists, which became known as the “Marvel Method”. Lee received a National Medal of Arts in 2008 for his innovations that revolutionized American comic books.
5．What do we know about Lee from paragraph 2? A．He served for the U．S. Army for two years. B．He suffered from an unfortunate marriage. C．He had a tough and struggling childhood. D．He adopted his pen name at the age of 16.
6．What was the company called when Spider-Man was created? A．Timely Comics. C．Atlas Comics.
B．Marvel Comics. D．DC Comics.
7．What does the underlined word“icon” in the last paragraph mean? A．Statue. B．Agent. C．Assistant. D．Symbol.
8．What can be the best title for the text? A．Stan Lee, the Godfather of Marvel Comics B．The Development of Marvel Comics C．Stan Lee, a Superhero in Comic Books D．The Popular Superheroes of Marvel Comics Ⅱ.完形填空
(2019·大连高三一模)Being jobless for the last three months, I am upset nowadays. My son has lost his __1__ from a good school and he might have to go to less qualified school. I have moved from a spacious(宽敞的) apartment to a small one in order to __2__ my living expenses. My wife has built extra stress. On top of that, my father-in-law __3__ a week ago, which has added fuel to fire, __4__ our family into a more terrible state. In these circumstances I have two mental __5__： either to feel upset and keep losing my peace of mind, or __6__ my negative thoughts with super mental powers about self-confidence and consistency, and __7__ applying for new jobs with positive attitude. I choose the second option because I believe that the pain I am __8__ today will build up my __9__. My strengths will then increase my confidence and make me a(n) __10__ man one day. I understand that good and bad stages are part of __11__. While good times make me happy, bad times __12__ the “inner” me.
Two months later, __13__， I have finally landed a job which is very exciting and offers a nice salary. Time has healed my wife’s mental stress __14__ the death of her father. My son has already been accepted by another good school because the admissions for new academic year were still __15__！
As I am back on the track of normal life, I can __16__ say that the most important things that helped me __17__ the crisis(危机) were my consistent character of patience, and __18__ attitude towards life. So, while I wish you all the best life can __19__ you, I would highly recommend taking the same attitude towards life __20__ you are trapped in any of such situations. 1.A.admission C．diploma
2．A.share B．reduce 3．A.showed up C．fell down
4．A.putting B．finding 5．A.problems C．choices 6．A.link C．mix
7．A.regret B．stop 8．A.practicing C．producing 9．A.intelligence C．character 10．A.careful C．easy-going
11．A.life B．wealth 12．A.hide C．strengthen 13．A.desperately C．hopefully 14．A.regardless of C．instead of 15．A.occupied
B．benefit D．permission
C．break D．raise B．set off D．passed away
C．forming D．lifting B．concerns D．activities B．replace D．exchange
C．keep D．risk B．suffering D．relieving B．body D．reputation B．hard-working D．successful
C．time D．health B．destroy D．kill B．unwillingly D．fortunately B．due to D．apart from B．empty
C．open
16．A.disappointedly C．deliberately
17．A.fight B．meet 18．A.general C．friendly
19．A.offer B．expect 20．A.as if C．now that
D．closed B．surprisedly D．confidently
C．change D．delay B．positive D．honest
C．manage D．send B．in that D．in case
题型重组练(一)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了青少年对自己行为的即时影响和奖励比成人更敏感，所以奖励对青少年总是很有吸引力的。
1．A 解析：主旨大意题。通读全文尤其是第一段最后两句“A UI(University of Iowa) study found teenagers are far more sensitive than adults to the immediate effect or reward of their behaviors. The findings may help explain why the initial rush of texting may be more attractive for adolescents than the long-term payoff of studying.”可知，本文主要介绍了Iowa大学的一项研究发现，即青少年对自己行为的即时影响或奖励比成年人要敏感得多，即奖励对青少年总是很有吸引力的。故选A。
2．B 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“But some help in netting their concentration is necessary for them so they can develop those impulse(冲动)-control skills.”可知，Vaidya认为帮助孩子们集中注意力是必要的。故选B。
3．C 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“In their study, Vaidya and co-author Shaun Vecera note researchers generally believe teenagers are impulsive, make bad decisions, and engage in risky behavior because the frontal lobes(额叶) of their brains are not fully developed.”可知，青少年大脑发育不完全可能会导致他们参与危险的行动。故选C。
4．D 解析：推理判断题。根据第五段最后一句“For their study, the researchers persuaded 40 adolescents, aged 13 and 16, and 40 adults, aged 20 and 35 to participate.”可知，在他们的研究中，研究人员说服了40名青少年，年龄分别为13岁和16岁，以及40名成年人，年龄分别为20岁和35岁。由此可推知，研究人员是通过对比40名青少年和40名成年人的调查结果而展开研究的。故选D。
【解题导语】 本文主要介绍了漫威创始人斯坦·李富于传奇色彩的一生。作为一名漫威创始人，他对美国的漫画进行革新，创造了许多超级英雄，荣获国家艺术奖章。
1 题型重组练(一)
