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第十章 醛酮醌习题及答案
习题
1.用系统命名法命名下列化合物: O(1)CH3CH2CCH(CH3)2CH3(4)HCH3(2)CH3CH2CHCH2CHCH2CHOCl(5)CHCHCHCHO32(6)CH3CH3CH3CH3(3)H(7)HCH2CH2CHO
CHOCOCH3C2H5OCOCOOH(10)OCH3
O(8)(9)OCOHCHO(11)O(12)CH=NHN(13)OO(15)
CH3=N-OH(14)BrO
2.写出下列化合物的结构:
⑴2-甲基丙醛 ⑵乙烯酮 ⑶乙二醛缩甲醛 ⑷(E)-3-苯基丙烯醛 ⑸(R)-3-氯-2-丁酮 ⑹苯乙酮 ⑺5,6-二氯-2-环己烯-1,4-二酮 ⑻环己酮缩氨脲
⑼三聚乙醛 ⑽苯甲醛-2,4-二硝基苯腙 3.写出分子式为C8H8O,含有苯环的羰基化合物和名称。 4.写出2-甲基环戊酮与下列试剂反应的产物:
⑴LiAlH4 ⑵NaBH4 ⑶NH2NH2 ⑷C6H5NHNH2 ⑸(a)NH2OH (b)HCl ⑹C2H5MgBr,H2O ⑺Zn-Hg/HCl ⑻NaCN/H2SO4 ⑼HOCH2CH2OH ,干HCl ⑽CH3COOOH 5.理化性质比较:
(1)比较下列各组化合物的沸点:
A:①CH3CH2CH2CH3 ②CH3CH2CH2CH2OH ③CH3CH2CHCHO
HOB:①CHO②HOCHO③CHO④CHOOH(2)比较下列化合物在水中的溶解度:
① CH3CH2CH2CHO ② CH3CH2CHO③CHO
.专业WORD.
.
(3)比较下列化合物与HCN加成反应的活性:
O①CH3CHO②C6H5COCH3③CH3COCH3④C6H5CC6H5
(4)比较下列化合物与NaHSO3加成反应的活性:
O①OH②③O
(5)比较下列化合物的稳定性:
OH①②O③O④O
(6)比较下列负离子的稳定性:
O①②O③OCH3O(7)比较下列化合物pka的大小:
O
O①CH3CHO②CH3COCH3③C6H5COCH3④C6H5CC6H5
6.完成下列反应:
⑴CH3CH2COCH3⑵CH3COCH3HCNOH-NaHSO3H2O??稀H2SO4OH-?
?
O⑶CH3-C-CH2CH3Br2 / FeCH3MgBrH2O?
,H2O / H+?⑷?Mg无水乙醚?CH3CHOO⑸
+CHCNa?H3O+?
O⑹C6H5CCH3CH3ONH2OH?HCl? ?
⑺(C6H5)3P=CHCH3.专业WORD.
.
O⑻+(1mol) Br2H2O,HAc?
CH3O⑼CH3CC-CH3CH3O⑽⑾I2NaOHH3O+?
CH3OCH3OCOCONaBH4O?
H+CH3-C-CH3NaOH,H2O?
O⑿⒀O+HCHOCHO+(CH3)2NHHCl?
NaCN / EtOH / H2O?
⒁O+ClCH2COOC2H5NaOC(CH3)3?
⒂OCH3⒃+Me2CuLi?
+CO+HClAlCl3-CuC2l2?浓NaOH?+?N⒄
CH3IO?H3O+?CH3COOOH?
⒅
CH3-C-CH2CH2BrOHOH?Mg干醚干 HCl?OH2O / H+?O⒆OCHO+(CH3CH2-C)2OOCH3CH2-C-OK?
.专业WORD.