2019年北京卷高考英语试题+答案

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38. How does the author feel about the solutions to the problem of robocalls? A. Panicked.

B. Confused.

C. Embarrassed. D. Disappointed.

39. Taking advantage of the new technologies, scammers can ______. A. aim at victims precisely C. start campaigns rapidly

B. damage databases easily D. spread information widely

40. What does the passage imply? A. Honesty is the best policy. B. Technologies can be double-edged. C. There are more solutions than problems. D. Credibility holds the key to development.

41. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A. Where the Problem of Robocalls Is Rooted B. Who Is to Blame for the Problem of Robocalls C. Why Robocalls Are About to Get More Dangerous D. How Robocalls Are Affecting the World of Technology

By the end of the century, if not sooner, the world’s oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate, according to a new study.

At the heart of the phenomenon lie tiny marine microorganisms (海洋微生物) called phytoplankton. Because of the way light reflects off the organisms, these phytoplankton create colourful patterns at the ocean surface. Ocean colour varies from green to blue, depending on the type and concentration of phytoplankton. Climate change will fuel the growth of phytoplankton in some areas, while reducing it in other spots, leading to changes in the ocean’s appearance.

Phytoplankton live at the ocean surface, where they pull carbon dioxide (二氧化碳) into the ocean while giving off oxygen. When these organisms die, they bury carbon in the deep ocean, an important process that helps to regulate the global climate. But phytoplankton are vulnerable to the ocean’s warming trend. Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth, since they need not only sunlight and carbon dioxide to grow, but also nutrients.

Stephanie Dutkiewicz, a scientist in MIT’s Center for Global Change Science, built a climate model that projects changes to the oceans throughout the century. In a world that warms up by 3°C, it found that multiple changes to the colour of the oceans would occur. The model projects that currently blue areas with little phytoplankton could become even bluer. But in some waters, such as those of the Arctic, a warming

will make conditions riper for phytoplankton, and these areas will turn greener. “Not only are the quantities of phytoplankton in the ocean changing”, she said, “but the type of phytoplankton is changing.”

And why does that matter? Phytoplankton are the base of the food web. If certain kinds begin to disappear from the ocean. Dutkiewicz said, “it will change the type of fish that will be able to survive. ” Those kinds of changes could affect the food chain.

Whatever colour changes the ocean experiences in the coming decades will probably be too gradual and unnoticeable, but they could mean significant changes. “It’ll be a while before we can statistically show that the changes are happening because of climate change.” Dutkiewicz said, “but the change in the colour of the ocean will be one of the early warning signals that we really have changed our planet.”

42. What are the first two paragraphs mainly about? A. The various patterns at the ocean surface. B. The cause of the changes in ocean colour. C. The way light reflects off marine organisms. D. The efforts to fuel the growth of phytoplankton.

43. What does the underlined word “vulnerable” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A. Sensitive.

B. Beneficial.

C. Significant.

D. Unnoticeable.

44. What can we learn from the passage?

A. Phytoplankton play a declining role in the marine ecosystem. B. Dutkiewicz’s model aims to project phytoplankton changes. C. Phytoplankton have been used to control global climate. D. Oceans with more phytoplankton may appear greener. 45. What is the main purpose of the passage?

A. To assess the consequences of ocean colour changes. B. To analyse the composition of the ocean food chain. C. To explain the effects of climate change on oceans. D. To introduce a new method to study phytoplankton.

第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）

根据短文内容, 从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Much of the work in today’s world is accomplished (完成) in teams. Most people believe the best way to build a great team is to gather a group of the most talented individuals. (46) Companies spend millions hiring top business people. Is their money well spent?

(47) They focused on football, basketball and baseball. The results are mixed. For football and basketball, adding talented players to a team proves a good method, but only up to the point where 70% of the players are top talent; above that level, the team’s performance begins to decline. Interestingly, this trend isn’t evident in baseball, where additional individual talent keeps improving the team’s performance.

To explain this phenomenon, the researchers explored the degree to which a good performance by a team requires its members to coordinate (协调) their actions. (48) In baseball, the performance of individual players is less dependent on teammates. They conclude that when task interdependence is high, team performance will suffer when there is too much talent, while individual talent will have positive effects on team performance when task interdependence is lower. If a basketball star is, for example, trying to gain a high personal point total, he may take a shot himself when it would be better to pass the ball to a teammate, affecting the team’s performance. Young children learning to play team sports are often told, “There is no I in TEAM.” (49)

Another possibility is that when there is a lot of talent on a team, some players may make less effort. Just as in a game of tug-of-war (拔河比赛), whenever a person is added, everyone else pulls the rope with less force.

(50) An A-team may require a balance — not just A players, but a few generous B players as well.

A. It’s not a simple matter to determine the nature of talent.

B. Sports team owners spend millions of dollars attracting top talent. C. The group interaction and its effect drew the researchers’ attention. D. Stars apparently do not follow this basic principle of sportsmanship. E. Several recent studies examined the role of talent in the sports world.

F. Building up a dream team is more complex than simply hiring the best talent. G. This task interdependence distinguishes baseball from football and basketball.

第三部分：书面表达（共两节，35分）第一节（15分）

假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国好友Jim打算暑假期间来北京、天津和上海旅游，发来邮件询问相关信息。请你给他回复邮件，内容包括：

1. 交通出行； 2. 必备衣物。注意：1. 词数不少于50；

2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim,

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Yours, Li Hua

第二节（20分）

假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你们班上周组织了一次以“劳动最光荣”为主题的社会实践活动。请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，写一篇英文周记，记述整个过程。

注意：词数不少于60。提示词：西瓜 watermelon

2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（北京卷）

英语试题参考答案

第一部分知识运用第一节 1. voiced 4. marked

7. suggests/suggested/has suggested 10. meaningful 第二节 11. C 12. D 16. A 17. B 21. C 22. D 26. C

27. A

第二部分阅读理解 31. C 32. D 36. B 37. C 41. C 42. B 46. B

47. E

第三部分书面表达（略）