为什么最近才出现这些奖项和典礼？莎士比亚从未得过什么奖，列奥纳多·达·芬奇、亚当·斯密或查
尔斯·狄更斯也都没有获过奖。
（8） 然而，这有可能是因为在过去，科学家和艺术家可以从富人那里获得“赞助”——国王或勋爵会花钱 请艺术家或科学家资金，让他们来为自己的宫殿绘制壁画或帮忙开发赚钱的新方法。随着全球社会制度的变迁， 这种情况已不再存在。科学研究现在由政府或私营公司资助。
（9） 也许颁奖仪式只是这一过程的最新阶段。
（7）
然而，事情可没有这么简单。当一部电影获得奥斯卡奖，就会有更多的人去观看或者购买它的 DVD 。当一个作家获得诺贝尔奖，就会有更多的人购买他们的书。当一个组合获得 MTV 音乐奖，全世界就会有成千上万的人观看这个颁奖仪式。结果呢？这个组合会卖出更多的唱片。
（10）
大多数颁奖典礼现在都是由大机构或大公司主办的。这意味着不仅获奖人受益——赞助商也能受益。比如，MTV 音乐奖不仅仅是对音乐有益，对 MTV 自身来说也是非常有益的！
（1） （12）
从表面上来看，这似乎是一个“双赢”的局面，每个人都很快乐，但让我来问你一个问题——你认为宣传和营销在这里起了多大的作用，而对成就的真正认可又有多少呢？
PASSAGE THREE
(1) Knowing that Mrs. Mallard was suffering from a heart trouble, great care was taken to break to her as gently as possible the news of her husband‘s death.
(2) It was her sister Josephine who told her, in broken sentences. Her husband‘s friend Richards was there, too, near her. It was he who had been in the newspaper office when news of the railroad disaster was received, with Brently Mallard‘s name leading the list of ―killed‖. He had only taken the time to assure himself of its truth by a second telegram.
(3) She wept at once, in her sister‘s arms. When the storm of grief had spent itself she went away to her room alone. She would have no one follow her.
(4) There stood, facing the open window, a comfortable armchair. Into this she sank, pressed down by a physical exhaustion that haunted her body and seemed to reach into her soul.
(5) She could see in the open square before her house the tops of trees. The delic ious breath of rain was in the air. In the street below a peddler was crying his wares. The notes of a distant song which some one was singing reached her faintly, and countless sparrows were twittering in the eaves.
(6) There were patches of blue sky showing here and there through the clouds that had met and piled one above the other in the west facing her window.
(7) She sat with her head thrown back upon the cushion of the chair, quite motionless, except when a sob came up into her throat and shook her, as a child who has cried itself to sleep continues to sob in its dreams.
(8) She was young, with a fair, calm face, whose lines indicated repression and even a certain strength. But now there was a dull stare in her eyes, whose gaze was fixed out there on one of those patches of blue sky. It was not a glance of reflection, but rather indicated a suspension of intelligent thought.
(9) There was something coming to her and she was waiting for it, fearfully. What was it? She did not know; it was too subtle and thus hard to name. But she felt it, creeping out of the sky, reaching toward her through the sounds, the scents, the color that filled the air.
(10) Now her bosom rose and fell tumultuously. She was beginning to recognize this thing that was approaching to possess her, and she was striving to beat it back with her will—as powerless as her two white slender hands would have been.
(11) When she abandoned herself a little whispered word escaped her slightly parted lips. She said it over and over under her breath: ―free, free, free!‖ The vacant stare and the look of terror that had followed it went from her eyes. They stayed keen and bright. Her pulses beat fast, and the coursing blood warmed and relaxed every inch of her body.
(12) She knew that she would weep again when she saw the kind, tender hands folded in death; the face, fixed and gray and dead. But she saw beyond that bitter moment a long procession of years to come that would belong to her absolutely. And she opened and spread her arms out to them in welcome.
(13) There would be no one to live for during those coming years; she would live for herself. There would be no powerful will bending hers in that blind persistence with which men and women believe they have a right to impose a private will upon a fellow-creature.
(14) And yet she had loved him—sometimes. Often she had not. What did it matter! What could love the unsolved mystery, count for in face of this possession of self-assertion which she suddenly recognized as the strongest impulse of her being!
(15) ―Free! Body and soul free!‖ she kept whispering. (16) Josephine was kneeling before the closed door with her lips to the keyhole, imploring for admission. ―Louise, open the door! I bee, open the door—you will make yourself ill. What are you doing Louise? For heaven‘s sake open the door.‖
(17) ―Go away. I am not making myself ill.‖ No; she was drinking in a very elixir(长生不老药) of life through that open window.
(18) Her fancy was running riot along those days ahead of her. Spring days and summer days, and all sorts of days that would be her own. She breathed a quick prayer that life might be long. It was only yesterday she had thought with a shudder that life might be long.
(19) She arose at length and opened the door. There was a feverish triumph in her eyes, and she carried herself unwittingly like a goddess of Victory. She clasped her sister‘s waist, and together they descended the stairs. Richards stood waiting for them at the bottom.
(20) Someone was opening the front door with a latchkey. It was Brently Mallard who entered, a little travel-stained, composedly carrying his bag and umbrella. He had been far from the scene of accident and did not even know there had been one. He stood amazed at Josephine‘s piercing cry; at Richards‘ quick motion to screen him from the view of his wife.
(21) But Richards was too late.
(22) When the doctors came they said she had died of heart disease—of joy that kills. 48. How did Mrs. Mallard get the news of her husband‘s death?
A. Her husband‘s friend told her. B. She had read it from the paper. C. Her sister Josephine told her. D. Her doctor broke the news to her. 49. When Mrs. Mallard was alone in her room, she .
A. sat in an armchair all the time
B. sat with her back facing the window C. sat and then walked around for a while D. sat in a chair and cried all the time 50. How did she feel about her love towards her husband?
A. She hated her husband. B. She was indifferent now. C. She found it hard to describe.
D. She had loved him all along. 【答案与解析】
48. C 根据第二段第一句“It was her sister Josephine who told her”可知这个噩耗是姐姐约瑟芬告诉她的。故选 C。而理
查兹（她丈夫的朋友）只是在一旁，而不是告知者，故 A 项错误。 49. A 根据第四段提到，房间里放着一把舒服的扶手椅，她一下子瘫坐到椅子上；根据第十九段“She arose at
length and opened the door”可知，马兰德夫人一个人在房里时一直都是坐在扶手椅上的，故选 A，C 项错误。根据第四段第一句“facing the open window”可知 B 项错误。根据第十二段“she would weep again” 可知她现在已经不哭了，故排除 D 项。 50. B 根据第十四段第三句第四句“What did it matter! What could love, the unsolved mystery, count for in face of
this possession of self-assertion”可知她现在想的都是重获自由，对丈夫的感情已经漠不关心了。故选 B 项。根据第十四段前两句可排除 A 项和 D 项。第十四段前两句已经很清楚地描述了她对丈夫的感情，故不难描述，C 项错误。
【全文翻译】
（1） 大家都知道马兰德夫人的心脏有毛病，所以大家都尽可能小心翼翼的委婉地告知她丈夫的死讯。 （2） 这个噩耗是姐姐约瑟芬告诉她的，话都没说成句。她丈夫的朋友理查兹也在场，就在她身旁。当火车
事故的消息传来时，理查兹正好在报社里，而布伦特里·马兰德的名字就列在“遇难者”名单的首位。紧接其后的第二份电报才让他相信消息的真实性。
（3） 她瞬间扑倒在姐姐的怀里，泪如雨下。在暴风雨般的悲伤平静下来后，她独自回到了自己的房间里， 不让任何人跟着她。
（4） 窗户是开着的，对面放着一把舒服的扶手椅。她一下子瘫坐在椅子上，这种疲惫不仅重重压垮她的身
体，似乎也侵入了她的灵魂。
（5） 透过窗口，她可以看到屋前广场上的树梢，空气中弥漫着芬芳的雨的气息。一个小贩正在窗下的街道
上叫卖着他的货物。远处依稀传来缥缈的歌声，数不清的麻雀在屋檐下叽叽渣渣地叫个不停。
（6） 对着她窗口西边的天空上，云朵层层叠叠地堆积着，间或露出一绺绺蔚蓝的天空。
（7） 她把头靠在椅背上，非常平静，除了偶尔因喉咙抽泣而有点颤动外，几乎一动不动，就像一个哭着入
睡的孩子在梦中还会继续呜咽一样。
（8） 她还很年轻，脸庞白皙而安详，脸上细纹透露着一种压抑，甚至是一种力量。但是现在，她的目光有
些阴郁，呆呆地凝望着远处白云间的绺绺蓝天。这一瞥并非深思熟虑，而更像是对一个明智的想法迟疑不决。 （9） 有一种感觉正在向她靠近，而她正恐惧的等待着。是什么？她不知道。这种感觉太微妙了，她说不清楚。但她能感觉得到，它正在空中蔓延，穿过弥漫于空气中的声青、气味和颜色慢慢地向她靠近。
（10） 现在，她的内心骚动不安。她开始认识到那种步步紧逼并渐渐控制她的感觉是什么了。她努力想用自己的
意志力把这种感觉击退——可她的意志就像她那白皙纤弱的双手一样软弱无力。
（11） 当她放弃挣扎，一个喃喃低语的词从她微微张开的双唇间溢出。她屏住呼吸一遍又一遍地低声重复着：
“自由，自由，自由！”随着那种感觉而来的茫然和恐惧从她的眼里消失了。现在，她的目光透着机敏，炯炯有神。她的心跳加快，沸腾的热血温暖了身体的每一个部位，使她感觉到身心完全地放松了。
（12） 她知道，当她见到丈夫那双温柔亲切的双手变得僵硬，那张脸变得毫无表情、灰白如纸的时候，她肯定还会
哭的。但在这痛苦之外，她看到了长远的未来，那些只属于她自己的岁月。她张开双臂去迎接那些岁月的到来。
（13） 在未来的岁月里，她不再为了别人而活，她只为自己活着。那时，不再有强有力的意志盲目而固执地强
加于她的身上，人们总是认为他们有权对自己的伴侣实施这样的个人意愿。
（14） 当然，她是爱过他的——有时候是爱他的。但更多的时候是不爱他的。那又有什么关系呢！在独立的意志面前，爱情这未有答案的谜团又算得了什么呢，她突然意识到这是她身上最强烈的一种冲动。
（15） “自由了！身心都自由了！”她不住地悄悄低语着。
（16） 约瑟芬跪在紧闭的门外，嘴唇对着锁孔，苦苦地哀求着让她进去露易丝，开开门！求你了，开开门——你这样会得病的。你干什么呢，露易丝？看在上帝的份儿上，开开门吧！”
（17） “走开。我不会让自己生病的。”不会的，她正陶醉在窗外那不息的生命里。
（18） 她的想象像脱缰的野马一样狂奔着，她幻想着未来的日子。春天、夏天、那些所有将属于她自己的日
子。她飞快地祈祷着生命能够更加长久。而就在昨天，一想到生命那么漫长她还在瑟瑟发抖。
（19） 她终于站了起来，打开了门。她眼睛里充满了胜利的激情，她丝毫没有意识到自己表现得就像一位胜利女神一样。她紧搂着姐姐的腰，一起走下楼去。理查兹正站在楼下等着她们。
（20） 有人正在用钥匙打开大门。进来的是布伦特里·马兰德，虽略显旅途劳顿，但泰然自若地提着他的包和伞。
事发当时他离现场很远，甚至根本就不知道发生的事故。他惊愕地站在那里，听着约瑟芬的尖叫，看着理查兹快速地把他挡在他妻子的视线之外。
（21） 但是理查兹还是迟了。
（22） 医生来后，他们说她是死于心脏病——死于极度兴奋。
SECTION B SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
In this section there are five short answer questions based on the passages in Section A. Answer the questions with NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS in the space provided on ANSWER SHEET TWO.
PASSAGE ONE
51. Of all the values mentioned in the passage, which one is regarded as the most fundamental? 【答案】Individual freedom.
【解析】文章中作者一共提到了三种美国社会价值观，即“个人自由、机会平等和对物质财富的追求”。根据第一段倒数第二句“Individual freedom is probably the most basic of all American values”可知个人自由可能是美国所有价值观中最根本的部分。故答案为 Individual freedom。
PASSAGE TWO
52. What can be inferred from the sentence ―Not all awards are as noble as the Nobels.‖ according to Para.2? 53. What conclusion can be drawn from Para.5? 【答案与解析】
52. Some awards aren‘t rewards for real achievements.
(文章第一段作者介绍了诺贝尔奖，认为它确实是奖励了一些对社会各个领域做出贡献的人；根据第二段第一句“Not all awards are as noble as the Nobels.”可知有些奖项的设立并不是奖励真正为社会进步做出贡献的人，即“有些奖项并不是真正的社会成果”。故答案为 Some awards aren‘t rewards for real achievements。) 53. Some awards for sports fail to achieve positive social effects.
(文章第五段作者主要提到了一些体育奖项，并说这些奖项看起来十分奇怪??这些获奖的运动员并不缺钱。 从作者的语气中可以看出，他不认为这些人有什么值得表彰的。而第五段第三句“sometimes awards can be good to give recognition ... without worrying about finances”所说的积极影响其实并不存在，故答案为 Some awards for sports fail to achieve positive social effects。)
PASSAGE THREE
54. What was Mrs. Mallard‘s mood when she was left alone in the room?
55. The doctors said that Mrs. Mallard died of heart disease—of joy that kills. What do you think is the real cause of her
death?
【答案与解析】
54. Her mood changed from distress to
excitement and joy. (文章第四至八段描写她在悲伤地哭泣，而从第九段开始，她的情绪逐渐发生了变化，在第十段明确提到她对即将来临的身心自由感到高兴且兴奋地不停低语。可见她的情绪从悲痛
转向兴奋与喜悦。故答案为 Her mood changed from distress to excitement and joy。)
55. The real cause was her extreme disappointment.
(文章主要描述了马兰德夫人在得知丈夫死讯后的心理变化。从最初的悲伤大哭，到对自由和未来充满了向往。丈夫的去世本可以让她从婚姻的桎梏中解放出来，但文章结尾处却提到丈夫平安归来，所有的自由和希望都破灭了。因此她是死于极度失望的。故答案为 The real cause was her extreme disappointment。)
PART Ⅵ WRITING [45 MIN]
Read carefully the following report, and then write your response in NO LESS THAN 200 words, in which you should:
(1) summarize the main message of the report, and then (2) comment on the two points made by Stephen Corry, Survival‘s Director. You can support yourself with information from the report.
Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.
Write your response on ANSWER SHEET THREE.
Report exposes the dark side of conservation
A report launched by Survival International---the global movement for tribal peoples‘ rights—reveals how conservation has led to the eviction of millions of tribal people from ―protected areas,‖ since
―protected areas‖ like national parks should generally be ―no go‖ for mining, agriculture, dams, roads and pipelines.
Survival‘s report shows that nearly all protected areas are, or have been, the ancestral homelands of tribal peoples, who have been dependent on, and managed them for thousands of years. But in the name of ―conservation‖ tribal peoples are being ―illegally driven out‖ from these lands and accused of ―poaching‖; meanwhile, tourists and fee-paying big-game hunters are welcomed in.
Bushman Dauqoo Xukuri from the Central Kalahari Game Reserve in Botswana said, ―I sit and look around the country. Wherever there are bushmen, there is game. Why? Because we know how to take care of animals.‖
Survival‘s report concludes that the current model of conservation needs a radical shake-up. Conservation must stick to international law, protect tribal peoples‘ rights to their lands, listen to them, and then be prepared to back them up as much as they can.
Survival‘s Director Stephen Corry said, ―millions are being spent by conservationists every year, and yet the environment‘s in deepening crisis. It‘s time to wake up and realize that there is another way and it‘s much, much better. Firstly, tribal peoples‘ rights have to be acknowledged and respected. Secondly, they have to be treated as the best experts at defending their own lands. Conservationists must realize it‘s they,
【参考范文】
Our Way Out of the Dilemma of Conservation
It is reported that tribal peoples are evicted from their ancestral homelands due to environmental conservation and national interests. I totally agree with the view of Stephen Corry that the rights of tribal peoples should be respected and we should realize their profound protection of their own lands is reasonable and effective.
To begin with, the right of tribal peoples to live in their own territories should not be violated. They have inhabited in a land for pretty long time before it was conquered and it is inhumane to force them to leave. Those people who expel indigenous peoples from their sacred world are destroying their cultural heritage so inextricably bound up with these sites. In addition, tribal peoples have been living in their lands for such a long period of time that they know very well the association of their cultural heritage and traditions with their lands. On the contrast, the outsiders are not necessarily aware of the hidden link and may destroy tribal landscapes, for instance, by forcible introduction of modern concrete construction and lifestyles. Therefore, for better protection of tribal landscapes and cultures, tribal peoples should be granted the right to protect their own environment.
To sum up, not only should the rights of tribal peoples be respected but also their role in protecting their own lands should be maintained. 【范文点评】
本文围绕材料所表述的一些所谓的“保护组织”对原住民及保护地的不当措施展开论述，主要阐述了面对此困境的合理措施。文章第一段由报道的主要内容引出作者同意 Stephen Corry 的观点，即原住民的权益应该得到保护，我们应该意识到他们对自己部落的保护是合理且有效的。第二段分两部分分别详细表述了原住民的权益及可以自己进行保护的原因，和外来者对保护地的措施的不合理性。最后一段总结全文，再次表明原住民的权益及应按他们的方式保护其家园。
2018年英语专业四级TEM-4真题及解析
