2024高考英语一轮复习构想 Unit 2 English around the world课时作业

Unit 2 English around the world

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

(2017·山东高三第二学期考试) Americans use many expressions with the word “dog”. People in the United States love their dogs and treat them well. They take their dogs for walks, let them play outside and give them good food and medical care. However, dogs without owners to care for them lead a different kind of life. The expression, to lead a dog's life, describes a person who has an unhappy life.

Some people say we live in a dog-eat-dog world. That means many people are competing for the same things, like good jobs. They say that to be successful, a person has to work like a dog. This means they have to work very, very hard. Such hard work can make people dog-tired. And, the situation would be even worse if they became sick as a dog.

Still, people say every dog has its day. This means that every person enjoys a successful period during his or her life. To be successful, people often have to learn new skills. Yet, some people say that you can never teach an old dog new tricks. They believe that older people do not like to learn new things and will not change the way they do things.

Some people are compared to dogs in bad ways. People who are unkind or uncaring can be described as meaner than a junkyard dog. Junkyard dogs live in places where people throw away things they do not want. But mean dogs are often used to guard this property. They bark or attack people who try to enter the property. However, sometimes a person who appears to be mean and threatening is really not so bad. We say his bark is worse than his bite.

Dog expressions also are used to describe the weather. The dog days of summer are the hottest days of the year. A rainstorm may cool the weather. But we do not want it to rain too hard. We do not want it to rain cats and dogs.

【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文，主要向读者介绍了一些美国人常用的关于“狗”的表达方式。

1．What does the passage mainly discuss?

A．Dogs in our daily lives. B．Expressions with dogs.

C．The role dogs take in America. D．Attitude of the American citizens to dogs.

答案与解析：B 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本篇文章主要介绍了一些美国人常用的关于“狗”的表达方式。故选B。

2．What does “dog-tired” describe in the passage? A．Describes a very successful person.

B．Describes the dogs are very tired after a long walk. C．Describes a rainy and cloudy weather.

D．Describes the heavy degree of exhaustion of people after long time work. 答案与解析：D 细节理解题。结合关键句可知，“dog-tired”用来描述长期工作后人们的疲惫不堪。故选D。

【关键句】They say that to be successful, a person has to work like a dog. This means they have to work very, very hard. Such hard work can make people dog-tired.(第二段第三至五句)

译文：他们说成功就得像狗一样辛苦地工作，这使他们筋疲力尽。 3．How are people compared to dogs in bad ways?

A．By mean dogs and junkyard dogs. B．By lazy dogs and bad dogs.

C．By sick dogs and tired dogs. D．None of them is right.

答案与解析：A 细节理解题。根据关键句可知，应选A。

【关键句】Some people are compared to dogs in bad ways. People who are unkind or uncaring can be described as meaner than a junkyard dog... But mean dogs are often used to guard this property.(第四段第一至四句)

译文：一些人被恶意地比作狗。那些不善良的、漠不关心的人被认为比垃圾场的狗还要不友善……但是吝啬的狗经常用来保护这些财产。

4．What can we learn from the text?

A．Everyone can be successful if he learns from the old. B．It might be difficult for the young to learn new skills. C．Junkyard dogs are careful in money arrangement.

D．Fierce persons aren't so awful as their appearance sometimes.

答案与解析：D 推理判断题。根据关键句可推知，长相凶猛的人其实并不像外表上看起来那么可怕。故选D。

【关键句】However, sometimes a person who appears to be mean and threatening is really not so bad.(第四段倒数第二句)

译文：然而，有时一个看起来刻薄、具有威胁性的人实际上并没有那么坏。

【长难句分析】They believe that older people do not like to learn new things and will not change the way they do things.(第三段最后一句)

分析：本句是一个复合句。that引导宾语从句；they do things为省略关系词的定语从句，先行词为the way。

译文：他们认为年龄大的人不喜欢学习新事物，也不愿改变自己做事的方式。

B

(2017·衡水高三一调)

It is not unusual for people to speak two or three languages; they're known as bilinguals or trilinguals. Speakers of more than three languages are known as polyglots. And when we refer to people who speak many languages, perhaps a dozen or more, we use the term hyper-polyglot.

The most famous hyper-polyglot was Giuseppe Mezzofanti, a 19th century Italian cardinal (红衣主教), who was said to speak 72 languages. This claim sounds absurd. If_you_assume_each_language_had_20_000_words,_Mezzofanti_would_have_to_learn_a_word_a_minute,_six_hours_a_day,_for_eleven_years_—_an_impossible_task. But Mezzofanti was tested by critics, and they were all impressed.

Did Mezzofanti have an extraordinary brain? Or are hyper-polyglots just ordinary people with ordinary brains who manage to do something extraordinary through hard work?

U. S. linguist (语言学家) Stephen Krashen believes that outstanding language learners just work harder at it and then they acquire unusually strong language ability. As an example, he mentions a Hungarian woman who worked as an interpreter during the 20th century. When she was 86, she could speak 16 languages and was still working on learning new languages. She said she learned them mostly on her own, reading fiction or working through dictionaries or textbooks.

Some researchers argue to the contrary. They believe that there is such a thing as a talent for learning languages. In the 1930s, a German scientist examined parts of the preserved brain of a hyper-polyglot named Emil Krebs, who could speak 60 languages fluently. The scientist found that the area of Krebs' brain called Boca's area, which is associated with language, looked different from the Boca's area in the brains of men who speak only one language. However, we still don't know if Krebs

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was born with a brain ready to learn dozens of languages or if his brain adapted to the demands he put on it.

Although it is still not clear whether the ability to learn many languages is born, there's no doubt that just about all of us can acquire skills in a second, third, or even fourth language by putting our mind to it.

【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一些会讲多种语言的人，并探讨了关于掌握多种语言的能力是否是天生的这一话题。

5．What does the underlined sentence imply? A. Mezzofanti could remember 360 words a day.

B. Mezzofanti had a special way to learn languages. C. Mezzofanti's achievement was ridiculous.

D. Mezzofanti's language ability was astonishing.

答案与解析：D 句意理解题。根据下文可知，Mezzofanti完成了这项几乎不可能完成的任务，且通过了评论家对他的测试；由此可推知，画线句应表明他的语言能力令人吃惊。故选D。

6．The Hungarian woman became a hyper-polyglot mainly because of her ________. A. good memory B. hard work C. unique brain D. learning methods

答案与解析：B 推理判断题。根据关键句可推知，这位Hungarian女士是因为自己的努力才学会了多种语言的。故选B。

【关键句】①U. S. linguist (语言学家) Stephen Krashen believes that outstanding language learners just work harder at it and then they acquire unusually strong language ability.(第四段第一句)

译文：美国语言学家Stephen Krashen认为杰出的语言学者只是比常人付出更多的努力，然后他们接受语言的能力就非比寻常罢了。

②When she was 86, she could speak 16 languages and was still working on learning new languages.(第四段第三句)

译文：当她86岁时，她能说16种语言，并且仍旧在学习新的语言。 7．The German scientist's findings showed that Krebs ________. A. had an unusual brain

B. was born with great talent C. had worked hard at languages D. expected too much of himself

答案与解析：A 细节理解题。根据关键句可知，Krebs的大脑看起来和寻常人的不一样。故选A。

【关键句】The scientist found that the area of Krebs' brain called Boca's area, which is associated with language, looked different from the Boca's area in the brains of men who speak only one language.(第五段第四句)

译文：科学家发现，Krebs大脑中和语言有关的被称为Boca区域的这一区域看起来和只会讲一种语言的人的Boca区域有很大的不同。

8．What is the purpose of the text? A. To explain what hyper-polyglots do.

B. To introduce some famous hyper-polyglots. C. To present new findings on hyper-polyglots.

D. To explore if hyper-polyglots are born talented.

答案与解析：D 写作意图题。通读全文可知，文章在前面介绍了有的人认为学会多种语言是通过自己后天的刻苦努力实现的，也有人认为学习多种语言的能力可能与大脑先天的构造有关；结合关键句可知，本文主要是为了探讨掌握多种语言的能力是否与自己的天赋有关这一问题。故选D。

【关键句】Although it is still not clear whether the ability to learn many languages is bron, there's no doubt that just about all of us can acquire skills

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