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b.表示过去一段时间内正在进行的动作
We were talking about you the whole morning. 我们整个上午都在说你。
He was watching TV at home from 3:00 to 5:00 yesterday afternoon. 昨天下午从3点到5点他一直在看电视。 c.表示按计划、安排过去将要发生的事 He told me that he was going soon. 他告诉我他很快就要走了。
She said she was leaving for New York the next month. 她说她下个月动身去纽约。 ②过去进行时的特殊用法 a.表示故事发生的背景
It was snowing as the medical team made its way to the front. 那支医疗小组往前线行进时天正下着雪。
Tom slipped into the house when no one was looking. 汤姆乘没人注意时溜进了房间。 b.表示一个新的动作刚刚开始
过去进行时可用来引出一个新的动作,这种用法颇有点儿像镜头转换。 Five minutes later, he was standing at the door, smoking. 5分钟后,他已站在门口抽着烟。
The baby was crying hard, and suddenly the crying stopped. 这婴儿在大声啼哭,突然,哭声停止了。 c.用来陈述原因或用作借口
She went to the doctor yesterday. She was having a lot of trouble with her heart. 她昨天去看病了。她患了很严重的心脏病。
I haven't finished my homework because I was helping my mother at home all day yesterday.
我作业没做完是因为我昨天一直帮妈妈在家干活。 d.与always, constantly等词连用,表示感情色彩 The girl was always changing her mind.
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这女孩老是改变主意。
In the past he was constantly asking me for money. 过去他总是向我要钱。
3.过去进行时与一般过去时的区别
①一般过去时往往表示某一动作已经完成,而过去进行时却表示动作在持续或未完成。 She wrote a letter to her friend last night. 她昨晚给朋友写了封信。(信写完了)
She was writing a letter to her friend last night. 她昨晚一直在给朋友写信。(信不一定写完)
②一般过去时表示只做一次动作,而过去进行时却表示动作反复地进行。 She waved to me. 她朝我挥了挥手。 She was waving to me. 她不断地朝我挥手。
The boy jumped up and down. 这男孩跳了一下。
The boy was jumping up and down. 这男孩不停地跳着。 C.将来进行时 1.将来进行时的构成
将来进行时是由“shall/will + be +现在分词”构成的。
Don't phone me between 8:00 and 10:00. We'll be having classes then. 8点到10点之间不要给我打电话,我们那时正在上课。 Will you be using your bicycle this evening? 今晚你用自行车吗?
She won't be having a meeting in her office at 8:00 tomorrow. 明天8点她不在开会。 2.将来进行时的用法 ①将来进行时的基本用法
a.表示在将来某一时间正在进行的动作
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I'll be taking my holiday soon. 我不久就去度假了。
They will be meeting us at the station. 他们会在车站接我们的。 b.在口语中代替will/shall do I hope you will be coming on time. 我希望你按时来。
I'll be seeing Mr. Smith tomorrow. 我明天将见到史密斯先生。
The minister will be giving a speech on international affairs. 部长将就国际事务发表演讲。 ②将来进行时的特殊用法 a.表示原因、结果或猜测
Please come tomorrow afternoon. Tomorrow morning I'll be having a meeting. 请你明天下午来吧。我明天上午有个会。(表原因) Stop the child or he will be falling over. 抓住那个孩子,要不他会掉下去的。(表结果) You will be making a mistake. 你会出错的。(表推测) b.用在问句中,表示委婉礼貌 Will you be reading anything else? 你还要看点儿什么吗?
When shall we be meeting again? 我们什么时候再见面? c.表示稍后一点儿的安排
The students aer studying Unit 3 this week, and next week we'll be studying Unit 4.
这星期我们学第三单元,下周我们将学第四单元。
My duties will end in July and I will be returning to Shanghai. 我的任务在7月结束,之后我会回上海。
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完成时 三、完成时
完成时是用来表示动作的完成与未完成的情况。完成时包括现在完成时、过去完成时和将来完成时。
A.现在完成时 1.现在完成时的构成
现在完成时的构成形式是“have / has +过去分词”。现在完成时常被称为“与现在有联系的过去”,因此它不能与明确的过去时间状语连用。 Someone has broken the window. 有人把窗户打破了。
I haven't seen much of her lately. 我最近不常见到她。
How long have they been married? 他们结婚多长时间了?
2.现在完成时的用法 ①表示结果的现在完成时
现在完成时着眼于过去的动作对现在产生的结果或影响。这是现在完成时的“已完成”用法,表示动作或过程发生在说话之前就已完成,并与现在有联系。这种联系实际上就是“过去的动作”对现在的影响或产生的结果。 I have bought a pen.
我买了一支笔。(结果:I have a pen now.) The temperature has increased by 10℃.
温度上升了10摄氏度。(结果:It is quite hot now.) Air pollution has taken the lives of many people.
空气污染已经夺去了很多人的生命。(结果:Air pollution is very serious now.) 注意:
现在完成时的上下文所指的时态必须呼应。
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【误】I have bought a pen but I have lost it now.(have bought表示你现在已经有笔了,这和后面的have lost有矛盾)
【正】I bought a pen but I have lost it now. 我(过去)买了一支笔,但我已经把它丢了。
【误】I have lost my pen but I have found it now.(have lost强调你现在已经没有笔了,与后面have found的意思有冲突) 【正】I lost my pen but I have found it now. 我丢了一支笔,但现在已经找到了。 ②表示经历的现在完成时
强调过去某一时刻到说话时这段时间中的经历。 Have you ever been to the Great Wall? 你去过长城吗?
I have visited Beijing at least ten times. 北京我至少访问过十次了。
She has never spent a holiday at the seaside. 她从未到海滨度过假。 ③表示延续的现在完成时
这是现在完成时的“未完成”用法,表示一个动作或状态从过去某时开始,持续到现在,可能要继续下去。
He's loved fishing for a long time. 他爱好钓鱼为时已久。(他现在仍爱好钓鱼) I have lived here for more than thirty years. 我已在这儿住了三十多年了。(也许还会继续住下去) 注意:
现在完成时的“未完成”用法既可用于动态动词(主要是持续动词),也可用于状态动词,但它一般不适用于表示短暂动作或位置转移的动词,如:open, break, go, come, arrive, leave等。如用这类动词表示“未完成”,通常只限于否定结构。 I haven't seen a film for weeks. 我已经好几个星期没看电影了。
She hasn't written to me since September.
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高中英语语法大全(详细)
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