2017年江苏省专转本英语语法讲解及练习(含答案)

例 Who is to blame for starting the fire?

六、被动语态与系表结构的区别

当“be+过去分词”作被动语态时表示主语承受的动作；作系表结构时表示主语的特点或所处的状态时，be后面的过去分词是表语，相当于形容词。其区分办法如下：

1、如果强调动作或句中有介词by引导出动作的执行者，该句一般为被动语态，否则为系表结构。 例The glass is broken． （系表结构）

The glass was broken by the boy． （被动语态）

2、如果句中有地点、频率或时间状语时，一般为被动语态。 例The door is locked． （系表结构）

The door hasalready/just been locked．（被动语态）

3、被动语态除用于一般时态和完成时态外，还可以用于其他各种时态，而系表结构中的系动词be只有一般时态和完成时态。

例 The machine is being repaired．

七、真题解析

1．对谓语动词语态的考查

① In some parts of the world, tea ___ with milk and sugar. A. is serving B. is served C. serves D. served

解析 B 因为serve是及物动词，其动作承受者tea作主语，表示经常发生的情况，故用一般现在时的被动语态。 ② This is Ted’s phone. We miss him a lot. He ___ trying to save a child in the earthquake. A. killed B. is killed C. was killed D. was killing

解析 C Ted是kill的承受者，用被动语态，且Ted救人发生在过去，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。 ③ ---- Have you moved into the new house? ---- Not yet, the rooms _____.

A. are being painted B. are painting C. are painted D. are being painting

解析 A “house”和“paint”应该是被动的关系，排除B，D。后者未搬进新居的原因是房子正在油漆，所以要用现在进行时的被动语态。不能用一般现在时表示习惯性动作，排除C。 ④ When and where to go for the on-salary holiday ___ yet. A. are not decided B. have not been decided C. is not being decided D. has not been decided

解析 D decide是及物动词，动作的发出者通常是人，句中的主语是动作的承受者，所以decide要用被动语态。从

题干的语境和关键词yet，可判断用现在完成时，不定式做主语用单数，故用现在完成时的被动语态。 ⑤The manager entered the office and was happy to learn that four-fifths of the tickets ___. A. was booked B. had been booked C. were booked D. have been booked

解析 B 句中tickets是book(订票)的承受者，主谓为被动关系，又因票已被订出应发生在entered the office这个过去动作之前，所以要用过去完成时的被动语态。 2．对非谓语动词语态的考查

当非谓语动词的逻辑主语为动作的承受者时, 须用被动式。弄清非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间的执行与承受关系是掌握非谓语动词语态的关键。

① Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains ___ whether they will enjoy it. A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. seen

解析 B 根据题意，那对老夫妇是否到国外旅行是将来的动作，应使用不定式，故排除掉C、D两项；又因remains的逻辑主语it是动词see说表示动作的承受者，即“到国外旅行”这件事，这件事有待于“被决定”，应使用动词不定式的被动形式。

② While shopping, people sometimes can’t help ___ into buying something they don’t really need. A. to persuaded B. persuading C. being persuaded D. be persuaded

解析 C can’t help doing “禁不住做某事”，排除A和D；顾客应是“被劝说”购物的，要用动名词的被动语态。 ③ I feel it is your husband who ___ for the spoiled child. A. is to blame B. is going to blame C. is to be blamed D. should blame

解析 A feel的宾语从句为强调句型，在be to do结构中，在某些场合可用不定式的主动语态表示被动语态，如to blame， to let等。

被动语态综合练习（一）

1. If city noises ____ from increasing，people ____ shout to be heard even at dinner． A． are not kept；will have to B． are not kept；have C． do not keep；will have to D． do not keep；have to

2. The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, are ____and perfected now. A. developed B. have developed C. are being developed

D. will have been developed

3. --- ____ the sports meet might be put off． --- Yes，it all depends on the weather．

A． I've been told B． I've told C． I'm told D．I told 4. I need one more stamp before my collection ___. A. has completed B. completes C. has been completed D. is completed

5. Rainforests ___ and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future. A. cut B. are cut C. are being cut D. had been cut 6. The new suspension bridge ___ by the end of last month. A. has been designed B. had been designed C. was designed D. would be designed

7. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it ____. A. breaks B. has broken C. was broken D. had been broken

8. Great changes ___ in the city, and a lot of factories ___. A. have been taken place; have been set up B. have taken place; have been set up C. have taken place; have set up D. were taken place; were set up 9. That suit __ over 60 dollars.

A. had costed B. costed C. is costed D. cost 10. --- Look! Everything here is under construction. --- What’s the pretty small house that __ for? A. is being built B. has been built C. is built D. is building 11.--- Do you like the material? --- Yes, it ___ very soft.

A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is felt 12. It is difficult for a foreigner ____ Chinese．

A． write B． to write C． to be written D． written 13. I have no more letters ____ ，thank you．

A． to type B． typing C． to be typed D． typed

14. Take care! Don’t drop the ink on your shirt, for it __ easily. A. won’t wash out B. won’t be washed out C. isn’t washed out D. isn’t washing out

15. Nobody noticed the thief slip into the house because the lights happened to ___. A. be put up B. give in C. be turned on D. go out

16. The computers on the table ___ Professor Smith.

A. belongs B. are belonged to C. belongs to D. belong to 17. --- What do you think of the book? ---Oh, excellent. It’s worth ___ a second time.

A. to read B. to be read C. reading D. being read 18. The squirrel was lucky that it just missed ___.

A. catching B. to be caught C. being caught D. to catch 19. This page needed ___ again.

A. being checked B. checked C. to check D. to be checked 20. ___ many times, the boy still didn’t know how to do the exercises

A. Having taught B. Having been taught C. taught D. Teaching

key： 1--5 ACADC 6--10 BCBDA 11--15 CBCAD 16--20 DCCDB

被动语态综合练习（二）

1.Our house_____,

A . is getting paint B . is getting painted C . is got painted D . has got to paint

2.He arrived in Beijing,where he_____his friend . A . was met by B . was met C . was meeting D . met by 3.The war_____in 1937

A . was broken out B . had been broken out C . has broken out D . broke out

4.The mistakes in the exercises will_____the teacher. A . cross B . be crossing C . be crossed by D . cross by 5.My brother and I have __________her birthday party.

A . been invited B . been invited for C . invited to D . been invited to

6.It_______this way

A . is had to do B . is had to be done C . had to be done D . has to do 7.It__this way.

A used to do B . used to be done C . is used to do D . is used to doing 8._____Chaplin.

A . The child's name was called B . The child's name calls C . The child calls D . The child is named 9.The sports meeting____ .

A . is put off B . is to put off C . is to be put off D . puts off 10.Mary realized she_________

A . was making fun of B . was made fun C . was being made fun of D . was being made fun 11.______to say a thing in that way

A . It is considers wrong B . It is considered wrong C . It is considered it's wrong D . It is consiedring wrong 12.He ordered that the books_______at once.

A . would be printed B . would print C . be printed D . print 13.The story______in China .

A . was taken place B . was happened C . took place D . has been taken place 14.The house_____my parents

A . is belong to B . belong to C . belongs to D . is belonged to 15.He_______by his teacher.

A . happened to see B . was happened to see C . happened to be seen D . was happened to be seen 16.Great changes_____in our province.Many tall buildings. A . have been taken place, have been set up B . have taken place, have been set up C . have been taken place, have been set up D . were taken place, were set up

17.The hall's____but it's not yet____with lamps.