四、易混关系代词的比较 1、that & which:
在定语从句中，which 和that 在指代事物时，一般可以互换使用，但并非在任何情况下都是这样，这里介绍宜用that, 而不宜用which 的情况.
①先行词为不定代词,all, much, something, everything, anything, nothing, none, the one等, We should do all that is useful to the people . There's nothing that can be said about it . Do you mean the one that was bought yesterday?
②先行词被only, any, few, little, no, just, very, one of等词修饰时。 The only thing that we could do was to wait. That's the very word that is wrongly used.
The last place (that) we visited was the chemical works. You can take any (=whichever) seat that is free. I hope the little that I can will be of some help to them.
比较：This is one of the best novels that were published last year. This is the only one of the best novels that was published last year. ③先行词是序数词时或被序数词修饰时。
When we talk about Wuxi, the first that comes into mind is Tai Lake. This is the third film that has been shown in our school this term. ④先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时。 This is the best that can be done now.
The most important thing that should be done right now is how to stop him from going on. ⑤先行词既有人又有物，用which和who都不适合，这时宜用that. 如： The writer and his novel that you have just talked about is really well known . The rider and his bike that had run over an old woman were held up by the police. ⑥被修饰词为数词时.
Yesterday I caught two fish and put them in a basin of water .Now you can see the two that are still alive . ⑦如果有两个从句，其中一个关系代词已用which ,另一个关系代词宜用that，以避免语言的单调或重复。 Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before. ⑧疑问词是who或which，关系代词宜用that，以避免重复。 Which is the book that you like best? Who is the man that is standing at the gate?
⑨主句是There be 结构，修饰其主句的定语从句宜用that 作关系代词. 如： There is still a seat in the corner that is still free.
⑩被修饰成分为表语时，或者关系代词本身是定语从句的表语时,该关系代词宜用that . That's a good book that will help you a lot.
My home village is no longer the place ( that ) it used to be . 定语从句中宜用which而不宜用that 的情况: ①当关系代词的前面有介词时.
A zoo is a park in which many kinds of animals are kept for exhibition. Is this the room in which Mr. White lives? ②在非限制性定语从句中.
Crusoe's dog, which was are now very old, became ill and died .
More and more people are beginning to learn English, which is becoming very popular in our country. (which指代主句) ③在一个句子中有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词用了that, 另一个宜用which . Let me show you the novel，that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us.
At the station I bought some magazines that might help me to pass the time on the train and which I could pass on to others when I finished them.
④当关系代词后面带有插入语时.
Here's the English grammar which, as I have told you, will help improve your English. ⑤先行词本身是that, 宜用which . What's that which she is looking at? ⑥先行词是those+复数名词.
A shop should keep a stock of those goods which sell best. 2、who & that:
who 和 that 指代人时，有些情况宜用who, 而不宜用that
①先行词为anyone, anybody, those, all, one, ones, they, he, people时. 如： The person I want to learn from is the one who studies hard and works well.
Anyone who (=Whoever) failed to come to the meeting yesterday must give his reason . Those who are not fit for their work should leave office at once I don't like the ones (= those ) who talk big. Persons who are quarrelsome are despised.
②在There be 结构中，修饰主语的定语从句宜用关系代词who 指代人. 如： There is a gentleman who wants to see you .
There are several students in our class who are still not sure about the use of attributive clauses.
③当先行词有较长的后置定语时. 如：
I met a foreigner in the park yesterday afternoon who could speak Chinese very well.
④一个句子中带有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that ,另一个则宜用who, 以免重复. 如： The student that was praised at yesterday's meeting is the monitor who is very modest and works very hard . 3、as & which:
as & which 引导非限制性定语从句的区别： ①位置的不同：
which 引导的定语从句只置于所限制的 句子后；as 位置较灵活，也就是说as可置于所限制的句子前面；插在句子中或放在句子后。如：
He was late again, which made his teacher very angry.
Jack, as you know, is an honest man. 或Jack is an honest man , as you know. 或As you know, Jack is an honest man. ②先行词的不同：
as引导非限制性定语从句时，其先行词多为一个句子；
which引导非限制性定语从句时，其先行词可以是一个词，一个短语或一个句子。 He was proud, which his brother never was. （先行词是一个词） She was very patient towards the children, which her husband seldom was. He was proud, which I dislike very much.（先行词是一个句子） He is an honest man, as is known to all. He was a foreigner, as I know from his accent. ③as 一般译为\正如\就像\，\这一点\
as we all know；as you know; as is known to all; as you see; as we can see; as has been expected; as we have imagined.
定语从句综合练习（一）
1. We can separate the mixture into the pure chemical compounds ______ it is composed. A in which B of that C of which D from which
2. They overcome all the difficulties and fulfilled the plan three months ahead of time, _____ is something we had expected. A that B what C it D which 3. _____, he performed the task with success. A It was expected B Which was expected B As was expected D That was expected
4. The first-year students were learning from the army in Miyun, a suburb of Beijing near _____ I lived.
A which B where C that D what
5. I tried to get out of the business, ______ I found impossible. A who B which C that D what 6. All ______ is a continuous supply of fuel oil.
A. what is needed B. that is needed C. the thing is needed D. for their needed
Key: 综合练习（一）CDCBBB
定语从句综合练习（二）
1. More and more people are beginning to learn English, ______ is becoming very popular in China. A that B it C which D what
2. She is so stubborn that she never listens to the advice ______. A that I gave it to her B I gave it to her C which I gave to her D what I give to her
3. The hours ______the children spend in their one-way relationship with television people, undoubtedly affect their relationships with real-life people.
A in which B which C when D that 4. There are very few rules of grammar _______. A that are not with exceptions B not having exception to them C that do not have exceptions D not with exception to them
5. Any person _____ is interested in the program can join the club. A which B whose C that D whom
6. I am pleased with what you have told me and _____ you have given me. A all that B all which C all whatever D all what
7. His youngest son _____ is now working at the Chinese Academy of Sciences. A that is twenty-five B who is twenty-five C who is twenty-five ages D whose age is twenty-five year old
8. You are the very man _____ I have been looking for.
A who B whom C which D that
9. Now we can fly to Tokyo. There was a time ______ we had to take a boat. A which B when C why D as
10. ______ is known to the world, Mark Twain is a great American writer. A As B That C It D What
11. I have to book ahead for concert, ____ are usually held in London. A that B what C they D which 12. He spoke confidently, ______ impressed me most. A so that B that C in which D which
13. The British are not so familiar with different cultures and other ways of doing things, _____ is often the case in other countries.
A as B what C so D that
14. _____ might be expected, the response to the question was very mixed. A As B That C It D What
15. This size of the audience, _____, was well ove twenty thousand. A whom we had expected B as we had expected C what we had expected D we had expected that 16. This is not such a good engine _____ I expected to be. A which B what C as D like 17. He arrived very late, _______ was annoying. A what B that C which D it 18. We need a chairman ______. A for whom everyone has confidence B in whom everyone has confidence C who everyone has confidence of D whom everyone has confidence of
19. The goals _____ he had fought all his life no linger seemed important to him now. A after which B for which C with which D at which
20. He came back at 11:00 p.m., _____ which time all the guests had already left. A after B by C at D during
21. Government reports, examination compositions, legal documents and most business letters are the main situations ______ formal language is used.
2017年江苏省专转本英语语法讲解及练习(含答案)
