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rivedwhileabout2milliondeparted.AboutaquarterofallItalianimmigrants,foreGample,eventuallyreturnedtoItalyforgood.Theyevenhadanaffectionatenickname,“uccellidipassaggio,”birdsofpassage.
Today,wearemuchmorerigidaboutimmigrants.Wedividenewcomersintotwocategories:legalorillegal,goodorbad.WehailthemasAmericansinthemaking,orourbrokenimmigrationsystemandthelongpoliticalparalysisoverhowtofiGit.Wedon’tneedmorecategories,butweneedtochangethewaywethinkaboutcategories.Weneedtolookbeyondstrictdefinitionsoflegalandillegal.Tostart,wecanrecognizethenewbirdsofpassage,thoselivingandthrivinginthegrayareas.Wemightthenbegintosolveourimmigrationchallenges.
Croppickers,violinists,constructionworkers,entrepreneurs,engineers,homehealth-careaidesandphysicistsareamongtoday’sbirdsofpassage.Theyareenergeticparticipantsinaglobaleconomydrivenbytheflowofwork,moneyandideas.Theyprefertocomeandgoasopportunitycallsthem,Theycanmanagetohaveajobinoneplaceandafamilyinanother.
Withorwithoutpermission,theystraddlelaws,jurisdictionsandidentitieswithease.WeneedthemtoimaginetheUnitedStatesasaplacewheretheycanbeproductiveforawhilewithoutcommittingthemselvestostayingforever.Weneedthemtofeelthathomecanbebothhereandthereandthattheycanbelongtotwonationshonorably.
Accommodatingthisnewworldofpeopleinmotionwillrequirenewattitudesonbothsidesoftheimmigrationbattle.Lookingbeyondtheculturewarlogicofrightorwrongmeansopeningupthemiddlegroundandunderstandingthatmanagingimmigrationtodayrequiresmultiplepathsandmultipleoutco
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mes.IncludingsomethatarenoteasytoaccomplishlegallyintheeGistingsystem.
26“Birdsofpassage”referstothosewho____.
[A]immigrateacrosstheAtlantic [B]leavetheirhomecountriesforgood [C]stayinaforeigntemporarily [D]findpermanentjobsoverseas
27Itisimpliedinparagraph2thatthecurrentimmigrationsystemintheUS____.
[A]needsnewimmigrantcategories [B]hasloosenedcontroloverimmigrants [C]shouldbeadoptedtomeetchallenges [D]hasbeenfiGedviapoliticalmeans
28Accordingtotheauthor,today’sbirdsofpassagewant___
[A]financialincentives. [B]aglobalrecognition.
[C]opportunitiestogetregularjobs. [D]thefreedomtostayandleave.
29Theauthorsuggeststhatthebirdsofpassagetodayshouldbetreated__
[A]asfaithfulpartners. [B]witheconomicfavors. [C]withregaltolerance. [D]asmightyrivals.
30whichisthebesttitleofthepassage?
[A]comeandgo:bigmistake
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[B]livingandthriving:greatrisk [C]withorwithout:greatrisk [D]legalorillegal:bigmistake TeGt3
Scientistshavefoundthatalthoughwearepronetosnapoverreactions,ifwetakeamomentandthinkabouthowwearelikelytoreact,wecanreduceoreveneliminatethenegativeeffectsofourquick,hard-wiredresponses.
Snapdecisionscanbeimportantdefensemechanisms;ifwearejudgingwhethersomeoneisdangerous,ourbrainsandbodiesarehard-wiredtoreactveryquickly,withinmilliseconds.Butweneedmoretimetoassessotherfactors.Toaccuratelytellwhethersomeoneissociable,studiesshow,weneedatleastaminute,preferablyfive.IttakesawhiletojudgecompleGaspectsofpersonality,likeneuroticismoropen-mindedness.
Butsnapdecisionsinreactiontorapidstimuliaren’teGclusivetotheinterpersonalrealm.PsychologistsattheUniversityofTorontofoundthatviewingafast-foodlogoforjustafewmillisecondsprimesustoread20percentfaster,eventhoughreadinghaslittletodowitheating.Weunconsciouslyassociatefastfoodwithspeedandimpatienceandcarrythoseimpulsesintowhateverelsewe’redoing,SubjectseGposedtofast-foodflashesalsotendtothinkamusicalpiecelaststoolong.
Yetwecanreversesuchinfluences.Ifweknowwewilloverreacttoconsumerproductsorhousingoptionswhenweseeahappyface(onereasongoodsalesrepresentativesandrealestateagentsarealwayssmiling),wecantakeamomentbeforebuying.Ifweknowfemalejobscreenersaremorelikelytorejectattrac
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tivefemaleapplicants,wecanhelpscreenersunderstandtheirbiases-orhireoutsidescreeners.
JohnGottman,themarriageeGpert,eGplainsthatwequickly“thinslice”informationreliablyonlyafterwegroundsuchsnapreactionsin“thicksliced”long-termstudy.WhenDr.Gottmanreallywantstoassesswhetheracouplewillstaytogether,heinvitesthemtohisislandretreatforamucklongerevaluation;twodays,nottwoseconds.
Ourabilitytomuteourhard-wiredreactionsbypausingiswhatdifferentiatesusfromanimals:dogecanthinkaboutthefutureonlyintermittentlyorforafewminutes.Buthistoricallywehavespentabout12percentofourdayscontemplatingthelongerterm.Althoughtechnologymightchangethewaywereact,ithasn’tchangedournature.Westillhavetheimaginativecapacitytoriseabovetemptationandreversethehigh-speedtrend. 31.Thetimeneededinmakingdecisionsmay____.
[A]varyaccordingtotheurgencyofthesituation [B]provethecompleGityofourbrainreaction [C]dependontheimportanceoftheassessment [D]predeterminetheaccuracyofourjudgment
32.Ourreactiontoafast-foodlogoshowsthatsnapdecisions____.
[A]canbeassociative [B]arenotunconscious [C]canbedangerous [D]arenotimpulsive
33.Toreversethenegativeinfluencesofsnapdecisions,weshould____.
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[A]trustourfirstimpression [B]doaspeopleusuallydo [C]thinkbeforeweact [D]askforeGpertadvice
34.JohnGottmansaysthatreliablesnapreactionarebasedon____.
[A]criticalassessment [B]‘thinsliced’study [C]sensibleeGplanation [D]adequateinformation
35.Theauthor’sattitudetowardreversingthehigh-speedtrendis____.
[A]tolerant [B]uncertain [C]optimistic [D]doubtful TeGt4
Europeisnotagender-equalityheaven.Inparticular,thecorporateworkplacewillneverbecompletelyfamily—friendlyuntilwomenarepartofseniormanagementdecisions,andEurope’stopcorporate-governancepositionsremainoverwhelminglymale.Indeed,womenholdonly14percentofpositionsonEuropecorporateboards.
TheEuropeUnionisnowconsideringlegislationtocompelcorporateboardstomaintainacertainproportionofwomen-upto60percent.Thisproposedmandatewasbornoffrustration.Lastyear,EuropeCommissionVicePresidentVivianeRedingissuedacalltovoluntaryaction.Redinginvitedcorporationstosig
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[实用参考]2013年考研英语二真题及答案解析
