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新概念英语教师用书第一册

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How to use this course 

   

The teacher's notes 

The notes which accompany each teaching unit should be treated as suggestions. The teacher may depart from the scheme that is laid down if he wishes to, or he may omit any exercise which does not seem to suit his purpose. However, the intention behind the notes is to enable the teacher to drill the patterns that are introduced. The exercises within each lesson are, where possible, graded in order of increasing difficulty. This means that if there is insufficient time, the final exercises may be omitted without seriously hampering the students' progress. Each teaching unit provides enough material for two hours' work. If the teacher can only devote forty-five minutes to each part of the unit, he may edit the drills to suit the time at his disposal.  

All instructions and comments like Listen, Sit down, Say it again, All together, etc. which any teacher might use while conducting a lesson should be given in English. In the early stages, the meaning of these expressions may be conveyed through gesture and mime. Such patterns must be regarded as extraneous to the course, unless they are formally introduced. For the purpose of this course, it is not assumed that a student is familiar with a pattern until he is actually made to use it. That is why many of the instructions commonly used in the classroom are not given in the pattern and vocabulary lists which precede each lesson in the Teacher's Book. 

All the information in the notes is given under headings and each item will now be considered. 

Content and basic aims— general remarks 

The information given under these two headings summarizes briefly what Will be taught in terms of patterns and content words. This summary is purely for the  teacher's  information.  Listening comprehension 

Detailed instructions are given at the beginning of the course, which are gradually reduced as teachers get used to the procedure. There are nine recommended steps for presenting each text which will train students to understand spoken English. The steps are as follows:  

1 Introduce the story  2 Understand the situation 3 Listening objective 

4 Play the tape or read the text 5 Answer the question 

7 Play the tape or read the text again 8 Repetition 9 Reading aloud  

Every one of these steps must be very brief. Let's see how this works in practice:  

1 Introduce the story 

The teacher introduces the text with a few words, so the student clearly understands what's going on and is not obliged to guess. At the very beginning, some Chinese may be used, but the teacher should use English as early as possible. For example:  

Today we'11 listen to a story about a handbag.  2 Understanding the situation  

The students are asked to look at the pictures to see if they can understand what is going on in the text. At the very beginning, a few prompts can be given in Chinese, but the teacher should use English as early as possible. For example:  

Look at the pictures and tell me what is happening here. (You may add one or two questions as prompts.)  

3 Listening objective 

The teacher sets the students‘a listening objective’, by setting them a question they will try to find the answer to. This means, the students will listen to the text actively rather than passively. For example: Listen to the story, then tell me: Whose handbag is it?  

4 Play the tape or read the text 

The teacher plays the tape or reads the text just once while the students simply listen without interruption.  

5 Answer the question  

Now the teacher asks the question(3 above) again and the students try to answer it: Now you've heard the story, whose handbag is it? Don't let students shout out the answer. Train them to raise their hands if they think they know the answer. Get one student to answer, then ask the others, How many of you agree with him/her? Put up your hands if you agree with him/her. You don't agree (to another student) so what do you think the answer is? How many of you agree with him/her? Put up your hands. This keeps the students guessing and involves the whole class. Students should be trained to listen right from the start without ‘preparation’or‘translation’. They will soon get used to the sound of English and to understanding the meaning of what they hear.  

6 Intensive reading  

Now the teacher plays the tape or reads the text again, pausing after every line to check the students understand. This is an extremely important part of the lesson as the students must make every effort to understand the text through the pictures. If the students fail to understand the meaning of parts of the text through the pictures(and this will inevitably occur at times), the teacher should explain by gesture and mime. If the teacher still fails to communicate the meaning, he should ask the best students in the class for a‘confirmatory translation’of a particular word or phrase for the benefit of other students who haven't grasped the meaning. Translation, however, must be regarded as a last resort. This difficulty of conveying 

meaning is acute in the early stages, but becomes less of a problem as the course progresses.  

7 Play the tape or read the text again 

Play the tape or read the text again right through without interruption. This time, the students will understand it without difficulty because of the careful explanation you provided in 6 above.  

8 Repetition 

Play the tape or read the text again, pausing after every line. Ask the students to repeat(a) in chorus, (b) in small groups(say, row by row in the class) and(c) individually. When conducting chorus and group repetition, make sure the students repeat all together after you give them a clear signal. You can give such a signal simply by nodding or with a pencil in your hand. Imagine you're conducting an orchestra! The broken lines in the text represent‘reading units’,which match the students' eye-span.  

9 Reading aloud 

Ask one or two students to take parts and to read the text aloud. You will be able to tell from this how well particular students can pronounce correctly the English they have already heard.  

This presentation should not take more than about twenty-five minutes. As the students make progress, the teacher may simplify the procedure if necessary, so that more time can be devoted to the exercises that follow.  

Students working at home on their own should listen to the recording of each text as often as is necessary for them to become completely familiar with it, and should even learn the texts by heart if they wish to.  Comprehension 

This stage consists of two exercises:  1 Students answer questions 2 Students ask questions 1 Students answer questions 

After presenting the text(the nine steps above), the teacher asks individual students questions round the class. If a student fails to answer, move quickly on to another student, so that this part of the lesson has pace. All the questions you will ask and the appropriate answers are printed for you in the Teacher's Book. Of course, you can ask additional questions of your own if you want to. The questions fall into two categories:  

a Yes/No questions  

It is generally considered rude to answer a question with just‘Yes’or ‘No’. The student is trained to listen to the first word in the yes/no question and to use the same word in the answer:  

TEACHER: Is Anna's dress new? (The first word in the question is Is)  STUDENT: Yes, it is. (is forms part of the answer)  TEACHER: Is Anna's dress blue? STUDENT: No, it isn't.  

b Wh-questions and questions with How 

The student is trained to answer questions beginning with When, Where, Which, How, etc.(Of course, these take time to develop during the course.) The student may provide complete answers, or short natural ones.  

TEACHER: Whose dress is new?  

STUDENT: Anna's dress is new. Or simply: Anna's.  

In this way, the student is trained over a period to associate When? with time, Where? with place, Why? with reason, Who? with identity, Whose? with possession, Which? with choice, What? with choice, identity or activity, How? with manner, etc.  

2 Students ask questions  

In order to prevent incorrect forms like *Where he went ?*, students are trained to ask two questions at a time. The first of these is a yes/no question and the second a Wh-question. For example:  

TEACHER: Ask me if Sally is in the garden.  STUDENT: Is Sally in the garden?  TEACHER: Where…?  

STUDENT: Where is Sally?(Not *Where Sally is?* or *Where Sally?*) Of course, these questions take time to develop during the course.  

All the asking questions exercises are printed for you in the Teacher's Book. You can add some of your own if you want to.  Activities 

Suggestions for activities are usually given at the end of the first part of each teaching unit. If there is insufficient time, they may be omitted altogether. Every effort should be made to introduce activities occasionally as they liven up the class and make language learning an enjoyable task. Two forms of activity are suggested.  

Games 

There are a number of ideas for games which enable the students to practise particular patterns.  

Tell the story  

The students may be asked to reconstruct the dialogue by referring only to the pictures. Adult students are usually too self-conscious to‘act’ the dialogues in class and this is a good compromise. It is an extremely valuable exercise in recall and helps to lay the foundations of speech.  Extension exercises 

In the students' book, the second part of each teaching unit(all even-numbered lessons) consists of numbered pictures and sometimes printed words and statements. As was pointed out earlier, where possible, a new word is printed after it has been learnt orally. That is why this page often consists only of pictures. With the aid of these illustrations, the student will practise particular patterns(both progressive and static, depending on the lesson).  

The Extension exercises usually begin with a short drill which deals with a special problem: e.g. the use of numbers, dates, telling the time, the use of the alphabet and spelling difficulties, etc. Difficulties of this 

新概念英语教师用书第一册

How to use this course    The teacher's notes The notes which accompany each teaching unit should be treated as suggestions. The teacher may depart from the scheme that is laid
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