2024年浙江专升本《英语》模拟试卷
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Part I Reading Comprehension (60 marks, 60 minutes)
Section A (每小题2分)
Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. You should decide on the best choice and blacken the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet. (40 marks) Passage One
Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage:
In an essay entitled Making It in America, the author Adam Davidson tells a joke from cotton country about just how much a modern textile factory has been automated: The average factory has only two employees today, “A man and a dog. The man is there to feed the dog, and the dog is there to keep the man away from the machines.”
Davidson’s article is one of a number of pieces making the point that the reason of such high unemployment and declining middle-class incomes today is largely because of the advances in information technology revolution, which is more rapidly than ever replacing labor with machines.
In the past, workers with average skills could earn an average lifestyle. But, today, average is officially over. Being average just won’t earn you what it used to. It can’t when so many more employers have more access to more above average cheap foreign labor, cheap robotics. Therefore, everyone needs to find their extra-their unique value contribution that makes them stand out in their field of employment.
Yes, new technology has been eating jobs forever, and always will. But there’s been an speeding-up. As Davidson notes, “In the 10 years ending in 2009, U.S. factories shed workers so fast that they got rid of almost all the gains of the previous 70 years; about 6 million manufacturing jobs in total disappeared.”
There will always be change – new jobs, new products. But the one thing we know for sure is that with each advance in I.T. revolution, the best jobs will require workers to have more and better education to make themselves above average.
In a world where average is officially over, there are many things we need to do to support employment, but nothing would be more important than passing some kind of G. I. Bill for the 21st century that ensures that every American has access to post-high school education.
1. The joke in Paragraph 1 is used to illustrate _______.
A. the impact of technological advances C. the cut of textile mills A. work on cheap robots
B. the relaxation of job pressure D. the decline of middle-class incomes B. ask for a moderate salary D. contribute something unique
2. According to Paragraph 3, to be a successful employee, one has to ______.
C. adopt an average lifestyle
3. What Davidson points in Paragraph 4 explains that ______.
A. gains of technology have been gone
B. job opportunities are disappearing at a high speed C. factories are making much less money than before D. new jobs and services have always been offered
4. According to the author, to reduce unemployment, the most important is ______.
A. to speed up the I.T. revolution
B. to ensure more education for people D. to pass more bills in the 21st century B. Technology Goes Cheap D. Economic Development Is Worse
C. to advance economic globalization A. New Law Takes Effect C. Average Is Over
Passage Two
Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage:
A century ago, the immigrants from across the Atlantic included settlers and sojourners. Along with the many folks looking to make a permanent home in the United States came those who had no intention to stay, and who would make some money and then go home. About a quarter of all Italian immigrants, for example, eventually returned to Italy for good. They even had a lovely nickname, “birds of passage”.
Today, we are much stricter about immigrants. We divide newcomers into two categories: legal or illegal, good or bad. That framework has contributed strongly to our broken immigration system and the long political paralysis over how to fix it. We don’t need more categories, but we need to change the way we think about categories. We need to look beyond strict definitions of legal and illegal. To start, we can recognize the new birds of passage.
Crop pickers, violinists, construction workers, engineers, home health-care aides and physicists are among today’s birds of passage. They are energetic participants in a global economy driven by
5. Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the passage?
the flow of work, money and ideas. They prefer to come and go as opportunity calls them. They can manage to have a job in one place and a family in another.
With or without permission, they straddle (跨越) laws and identities with ease. We need them to imagine the United States as a place where they can be productive for a while without committing themselves to staying forever. We need them to feel that they can belong to two nations honorably. Accommodating this new world of people in motion will require new attitudes on both sides of the immigration battle. Looking beyond the culture war logic of right or wrong means opening up the middle ground and understanding that managing immigration today requires multiple paths, including some that are not easy to accomplish legally in the existing system.
6. In the first paragraph, “birds of passage” refer to those who ______.
A. immigrate across the Atlantic
B. leave their home countries for good D. find permanent jobs overseas B. has loosened control over immigrants D. has been fixed by political means B. a global recognition D. the freedom to stay and leave B. with economic favors D. as powerful matches
B. Living and Thriving: Great Risk D. Legal or Illegal: Big Mistake
C. stay in a foreign country for a short term A. needs new immigrant categories
7. It is implied in paragraph 2 that the current immigration system in the US ______.
C. should be adjusted to meet challenges A. financial motivation
8. According to the author, today’s birds of passage love ______.
C. opportunities to get regular jobs A. as faithful partners
9. The author suggests that the birds of passage today should be treated ______.
C. with legal tolerance
10. The most appropriate title for this passage would be ______.
A. Come and Go: Big Mistake C. With or Without: Great Risk
Passage Three
Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage:
Snap decisions can be important defense mechanisms; if we are judging whether someone is dangerous, our brains and bodies are hard-wired to react very quickly, within milliseconds (毫秒). But we need more time to assess other factors. To accurately tell whether someone is friendly, studies show, we need at least a minute, preferably five. It takes a while to judge complex aspects of personality, like neuroticism (神经过敏) or open-mindedness.
But snap decisions in reaction to rapid stimuli (刺激物) aren’t exclusive to the interpersonal domain. Psychologists found that viewing a fast-food logo for just a few milliseconds prepares us to read 20 percent faster, even though reading has little to do with eating. We unconsciously associate (联想) fast food with speed and impatience and carry those impulses (冲动) into whatever else we’re doing.
Yet we can turn around such influences. If we know we will overreact to consumer products or housing options when we see a happy face (one reason good sales representatives and real estate agents are always smiling), we can take a moment before buying.
John Gottman, the marriage expert, explains that we quickly “thin slice” information reliably only after we ground such snap reactions in “thick sliced” long-term study. When Dr. Gottman really wants to assess whether a couple will stay together, he invites them to his island retreat for a much longer evaluation: two days, not two seconds.
Our ability to decline our hard-wired reactions by pausing is what distinguishes us from animals: dogs can think about the future only occasionally or for a few minutes. But historically we have spent about 12 percent of our days thinking the longer term. Although technology might change the way we react, it hasn’t changed our nature. We still have the imaginative capacity to rise above temptation and reverse the high-speed trend.
11. The time needed in making decisions may ______. A. differ according to the urgency of the situation B. prove the complexity of our brain reaction C. depend solely on the importance of the assessment D. pre-determine the accuracy of our judgment
12. Our reaction to a fast-food logo shows that snap decisions ______. A. can be associative C. can be dangerous
B. are not unconscious D. are not hasty
B. do as people usually do D. ask for expert advice B. ‘‘thin sliced’’ study D. adequate information C. optimistic
D. doubtful
13. To turn around the negative influences of snap decisions, we should ______. A. trust our first impression C. think before we act A. critical assessment
14. John Gottman says that reliable snap reactions are based on ______. C. sensible explanation A. Tolerant
Passage Four
Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage:
It is said that in England death is pressing, in Canada inevitable and in California optional. Small wonder. Americans’ life expectancy has nearly doubled over the past century. Failing hips can be replaced, clinical depression controlled, cataracts removed in a 30-minute surgical procedure. Such advances offer the aging population a quality of life that was unimaginable when I entered medicine 50 years ago. But not even a great health-care system can cure death—and our failure to confront that reality now threatens this greatness of ours.
Death is normal; we are genetically programmed to disintegrate and perish, even under ideal
15. The author’s attitude toward reversing the high-speed trend is ______.
B. uncertain
conditions. We all understand that at some level, yet as medical consumers we treat death as a problem to be solved. Shielded by third-party payers from the cost of our care, we demand everything that can possibly be done for us, even if it's useless. The most obvious example is late-stage cancer care. Physicians—frustrated by their inability to cure the disease and fearing loss of hope in the patient—too often offer aggressive treatment far beyond what is scientifically justified.
In 1950, the U.S. spent $12.7 billion on health care. In 2002, the cost will be $1,540 billion. Anyone can see this trend is unsustainable. Yet few seem willing to try to reverse it. Some scholars conclude that a government with finite resources should simply stop paying for medical care that sustains life beyond a certain age—say 83 or so. Former Colorado governor Richard Lamm has been quoted as saying that the old and infirm “have a duty to die and get out of the way ” so that younger, healthier people can realize their potential.
I would not go that far. Energetic people now routinely work through their 60s and beyond, and remain dazzlingly productive. At 78, Viacom chairman Sumner Redstone jokingly claims to be 53. Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O'Connor is in her 70s, and former surgeon general C. Everett Koop chairs an Internet start-up in his 80s.These leaders are living proof that prevention works and that we can manage the health problems that come naturally with age. As a mere 68-year-old, I wish to age as productively as they have.
Yet there are limits to what a society can spend in this pursuit. Ask a physician, I know the most costly and dramatic measures may be ineffective and painful. I also know that people in Japan and Sweden, countries that spend far less on medical care, have achieved longer, healthier lives than we have. As a nation, we may be overfunding the quest for unlikely cures while underfunding research on humbler therapies that could improve people's lives.
16. What is implied in the first sentence?
A. Americans are better prepared for death than other people. B. Americans enjoy a higher life quality than ever before. C. Americans are over-confident of their medical technology. D. Americans take a vain pride in their long life expectancy. 17. The author uses the example of cancer patients to show that ______.
A. medical resources are often wasted B. doctors are helpless against fatal diseases C. some treatments are too aggressive D. medical costs are becoming unaffordable
18. The author's attitude to ward Richard Lamm's remark is one of ______.
A. strong disapproval C. slight contempt A. more flexibly
B. reserved consent D. enthusiastic support B. more extravagantly
19. In contrast to the U.S. ,Japan and Sweden are funding their medical care______.
2024年浙江专升本《英语》模拟试卷
