Section Ⅴ Grammar & Writing
定语从句(Ⅱ)&形容词与副词的比较级
单句语法填空
1．Next Sunday I will go to visit the place ____________ I was born． 答案：where
2．The man lived in an old house ____________ which there was little light． 答案：in
3．The book the cover ____________ which is nice has attracted many girls． 答案：of
4．As a matter of fact, the boy is ____________(careful) than his brother． 答案：more careful
5．This line is three times as long ____________ that one． 答案：as
定语从句(Ⅱ)
一、关系副词引导定语从句
当先行词在定语从句中作状语时，通常要用关系副词引导定语从句。常用的关系副词有where，when，why等。
1．关系副词where
(1)where引导的定语从句的先行词往往是表示地点的名词(如place，room，house，spot，school，country等)，在从句中作地点状语。
They went into the hall where the meeting was being held． 他们走进正在开会的大厅。
(2)where可以引导非限制性定语从句。
Galileo lived in the city of Pisa, where there is a leaning tower about 180 feet high．
伽利略住在比萨城，那里有座大约180英尺高的斜塔。
(3)关系副词where常可用“介词＋关系代词”构成的表示地点的介词短语代替。 The office where (at which) he works is not far from here． 他工作的办公室离这儿不远。
Japan is the place where (in which) earthquakes frequently happen． 日本是
地震频繁爆发的地方。
where引导定语从句和状语从句的区别：引导定语从句时，where是关系副词，在从句中作地点状语，其前有表示地点的名词作先行词，从句修饰先行词；引导状语从句时，where是从属连词，从句修饰主句的谓语动词，where前面没有表示地点的名词。
He’s got himself into a dangerous situation where he is likely to lose control over the plane．(定语从句)
他使自己陷入了一种危险的情况，他很可能会失去对飞机的控制。
When you read the book，you’d better make a mark where you have questions．(状语从句)
读这本书的时候，你最好在有疑问的地方做一下标记。 2．关系副词when
(1)when引导定语从句时，先行词往往是表示时间的名词(如time，day，week，month，year等)，在从句中作时间状语。
He came at a time when I least expected him． 他在我最意料不到的时候来了。
I’ll never forget the day when I left for college with my father． 我永远不会忘记我和父亲动身去大学的那天。
(2)when可以引导非限制性定语从句。
In the old days，when I was a little boy，the city had no industry to speak of． 在过去，那时我还小，这个城市没有工业可言。 (3)关系副词when有时可用“介词＋关系代词”代替。
I still remember the day when(on which)I joined the Youth League． 我仍然记得我加入共青团的那一天。
3．关系副词why
(1)why引导定语从句时，先行词往往是表示原因的词(如reason，explanation，excuse等)，在从句中作原因状语。
Do you know the reason why she burst into tears? 你知道她突然大哭的原因吗？
This is the explanation why he changed the plan． 这是他改变计划的解释。
(2)关系副词why有时可用“介词＋关系代词”代替。
The reason why (for which) he succeeded in the exam is that he worked very hard． 他这次考试成功的原因是他学习非常努力。
4．关系代词和关系副词的选择
当先行词是表示时间的time，day等或表示地点的place，house等时，一定要注意分析从句的结构。如果缺少主语或宾语，应用关系代词that或which，如果缺少时间状语或地点状语，应用关系副词when或where。
His father works in a factory which/that makes radio parts．(which/that在从句中作主语)
他父亲在一家生产无线电零件的工厂里工作。
The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down．(where在从句中作地点状语)
我十年前住的房子已经被推倒了。 二、“介词＋which/whom”结构
1．“介词＋which/whom”结构的用法
(1)“介词＋which/whom”在定语从句中作时间、地点、原因状语，相当于关系副词when, where, why。
She still remembers the day on which (＝when) she won the prize． 她仍然记得她获奖的那一天。
(2)“介词(短语)＋which/whom”在定语从句中作目的、方式状语。
There is a big window in my room through which I can see the railway station． 我的房间有一个大窗户，通过它我可以看到火车站。
(3)“不定代词或数词或名词＋of which/whom”在定语从句中作主语。 I read some books, the cover of which are yellow with years． 我读过一些书，它们的封面因为年代久远都变黄了。
(4)“介词＋which/whom”在含被动结构的定语从句中作状语，表示动作的执行者。 The man by whom the little boy was beaten was arrested this morning． 今天上午打小男孩的那个人被逮捕了。 2．关系代词前介词的选择
可以依据定语从句所修饰的名词或代词来选用介词，也可以依据从句的相关动词来选用。
The train on which I’m travelling is for Shanghai． 我乘坐的火车是去上海的。
In the dark street there was not a single person to whom she could turn for help． 在漆黑的街上，没有一个她可以求助的人。
形容词与副词的比较级
1．表示倍数几个句型
2020学年高中英语Unit7TheSeaSectionⅤGrammar
