Module 3 Unit2 Language Grammar and Usage 语法学案
姓名：__________ 班级：___________
Ⅰ、预检·导入
A. 温故知新
⑴在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句。根据其在从句中所充当的成份，可以分为下列四种从句 主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句 。 常见的引导词有哪些？
⑵判断下面各句中含有什么从句。
What is hard is to do good all one’s life and never do anything bad. （ 主语从句 ） I can’t imagine when we will be able to travel in space. （ 宾语从句 ） This reminded me of what he had once told us. （ 介词宾语从句 ）
The problem is whether robots will be smarter than humans. （ 表语从句 ）
Scientists have not found answers to the question why there is no life on Mars. （同位语从句） ⑶ 根据中文完成下列句子。
我们何时举行运动会还没有决定。
When we shall hold our sports meeting is not decided.
我不知道昨天谁打破了玻璃。 I don’t know who broke the glass yesterday. 我不知道他长的什么样子。 I have no idea what he looks like. 这就是我忘记眼镜的地方。 This is where I left my glasses. B. 思考：疑问词引导名词性从句的注意点有哪些？
Ⅱ、建构·应用
A．概述：由疑问词引导的名词性从句
What, which, who(m), which, where, when, why, how引导的名词性从句。这些词都可以在句子中充当一定的成分，并且具有疑问之义，因此，选用时须确定从句是否缺少成分，缺少何成分（主语，宾语，表语或状语），然后再确定选用适当的连接词。注意：其中选用连接副词的关键是：这个词还必须符合句子的逻辑意义要求。如： ①I don’t know ________ he lives.
②I don’t know ________ he lives there.
③I don’t know ________ he lives there by fishing. ④I don’t know ________ he likes.
(解析：根据从句里面的成分，句子①可填地点、方式等连接词where / how；句子②可填that, whether / if，原因连接副词why 或方式连接副词how；句子③可填that, whether / if，原因连接副词why；句子④缺少宾语，可填what。) ⑴．连接代词或连接副词引导的从句做主语
What we need is more time and money. What we can’t get seems better than what we have. How this happened is not clear to anyone.
Who made the long distance call is not important.（谁打的长途电话并不重要。） Why he didn't come here is not clear to anyone. （他为什么没来谁也不清楚。） ⑵．连接代词或连接副词引导的从句做宾语
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①做动词宾语
I can’t imagine what made him say that. She asked me where I was going. I wondered how he could make such rapid progress in French. ②做介词宾语 Here is a copy of what I said.
③做形容词宾语 I’m not sure why she refused the invitation. ⑶．连接代词或连接副词引导的从句做表语
This is what he has done. The question is how he did it.
注意：①where, why, how, when引导的从句做this is, that is的表语时，无疑问之意。 That is why they went there. （那是他们去那儿的原因）
This is where my mother works. （这是我妈妈工作的地方） ②表语从句只用whether，不用if
The question is whether we should start right now.
例：The question is which of us should go. 问题是我们哪一个应该去。
The problem was who could do the work. 问题是谁能做这项工作。 That's what he is worrying about. 那就是他在担心的事。 That is what he is worried about. 那就是他所担心的。
Go and get your coat. It's where you left it. 去把雨衣拿来。就在你原来放的地方。 I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. That’s why I got wet through. ⑷．连接代词或连接副词引导的从句做同位语 I have no idea what he said.
注意：同位语从句引导词只用whether, 不用if.
例：The question who should be the first has not been settled.
You can have no idea what he said. 你根本想不到他说了些什么。 I have no idea when he will be back.我不知道他什么时候回来。 B. 由whoever/whatever/whichever/whomever引导的名词性从句 这些词引导的名词性从句相当于带有定语从句的名词词组：
whoever=anyone who…“任何……的人”；whomever是whoever的宾格形式whatever=anything that…“任何……的物”whichever=any … that…“任何……的（已知范围内的或上文提到过的）人或物”,它们可以用来引导主语从句。例如： Whoever leaves the room last ought to turn off the light.
=Anyone who leaves the room last ought to turn off the light. Whatever he had was seized by the German soldiers.
=Anything that he had was seized by the German soldiers. Whichever of you comes in first will receive a prize.
=Any one of you who comes in first will receive a prize. 这些词还可以用来引导宾语从句，例如： You can just say whatever comes to your mind.
=You can just say anything that comes to your mind. Take whichever seat you like. =Take any seat that you like. You may choose whoever/whomever you’d like to go with. =You may choose anyone who you’d like to go with.
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( 注：whoever在主句中作choose的宾语，在从句中又充当go with的宾语，因此可用宾格的whomever来代替 )
She would like to make friends with whoever shares her interest.
=She would like to make friends with anyone who shares her interest.
（注： whoever在主句中作介词with的宾语，但在从句中又充当谓语动词shares的主语，因此不能用whomever代替） C. 总结：解题思路
先找出复合句中主句的谓语动词，然后根据该从句在复合句中的位置来判断其属于主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中的哪一种。
“先成分后含义”-------先分析引导词在从句中的成分，然后依据含义直接翻译即可。 ⑴ 若做名词性成分(即 主语、宾语、表语、定语)，引导词用what, which , who, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever
⑵若不做任何成分，引导词用that, if , whether(是否) ，只起连接作用，不充当句子成份， ⑶若做状语成分，引导词用 when ,where, why, how, how+形容词或副词。 What you said is true. This is why I didn’t come.
I don’t agree with what you said. The idea that we’ll go out for a picnic is great.
D. it 充当形式主语常见的句型
1) It + be + adj. + that从句 It is important that we learn English well.
常用形容词：important, necessary, obvious, clear, likely, possible, certain, true 有时为了强调不定式动作的执行者，常在不定式前加for sb It’s necessary for the young to master two foreign language
It + be + 形容词 + of sb. + 动词不定式，这类形容词常是表示心理品质,性格特征的形容词，如：kind, nice stupid, clever, foolish, polite, impolite, silly, selfish, considerate等。某人和这些形容词可以构成主系表结构。如：
It’s very kind of you to help me with the work.=You are kind to help me. It seemed selfish of him not to share his dictionary with others. =He seemed selfish not to share his dictionary
.2) It + be + n. + that从句 It is a pity that you missed the lecture.
常用名词：common knowledge, a fact, a pity, a shame, a surprise, no wonder 3) It + be + 过去分词(said, believed, reported, hoped, known, etc.) + that从句 It is said that they have won the game.
此句型可转换成另一结构：主语 + be + 过去分词 + to do / to have done It is said that they have won the game. = They are said to have won the game It is said that he will go to America. = He is said to go to America. 4) It + vi. +that从句
It seems that something is wrong with the machine. 常用vi：happen, occur, appear, seem, matter, turn out 注意：①wh-从句做主语，可用it做形式主语 Who will leave for Beijing hasn’t been decided . = It hasn’t been decided who will leave for Beijing. ②主语从句只用whether, 不用if
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③主语从句谓语动词用单数Whether he will join us is unknown. 5) It + takes (sb.) + 时间 (金钱) + 动词不定式，如：
It took the workers almost three years to finish building the dam. 6) It + be +名词词组 + 动词不定式，如： It is not a good habit to stay up too late.
7) It + be + 名词或形容词 + 动名词，这类名词和形容词常常是：good, no good, no use, a waste of, useless, senseless等，如：
It’s a waste of time talking to her any more. It is no use arguing about the matter with him.
E. it 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较
it 作形式主语代替主语从句,主要是为了平衡句子结构, 主语从句的连接词有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调,无论强调的是什么成分,都可用连词that。被强调部分指人是也可用who/whom。例如:
It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film. It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not. It is in the morning that the murder took place. It is John that broke the window.
Ⅲ、检测·提炼
1. His mother did ____she could ____the boy.
A．what；help B．that；help C．what；to help D．that；to help 2.We will all appreciate ____you can come to join us in developing our hometown.
A．that if B．it if C．it that D．that when 3. Much to the couple's comfort，their income is now double ____ it was five years ago. A．that B．than C．which D．what 4. Along with the letter was her promise ____she would join us in the work. A．which B．what C．that D．whether
5．Human beings are different from animals ____they can use language as a tool to communicate.
A．in that B．for that C．in which D．for which 6．____words I use can not express my appreciation of your timely help.
A．Whatever B ．How many C．No matter what D．Whichever
7.____seems strange to us is ____the troublesome boy is getting along well with all his teachers. A．It；that B．That；how C．It；how D．What；that 8. Shenzhen was only a small fishing village compared to ____ it is now. A．which B．that C．what D．where 9. ____is still a question ____will win.
A. It; that B. It; who C. That; who D. This; that 10.____ gets home first is to cook the supper.
A. Who B Whom C. Those who D. Whoever 11. It suddenly occurred to him ____he had left his keys in the office. A. whether B. where C. which D. that 12. Energy is ____makes thing work..
A. what B. something C. anything D. that
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(完整版)M3unit2grammar学案(教师版)
