输气工实训手册

第九节 清管球通过指示器 ······························································································ 87

一、非插入式清管指示器介绍 ·················································································· 87 二、非插入式清管指示器功能测试（K411） ·························································· 88 三、非插入式清管指示器常见故障判断与排除 ······················································· 89

第五章 自动化·························································································································· 89

第一节 PLC机柜上电操作（P402） ·············································································· 89 第二节 PLC机柜断电操作（P403） ·············································································· 90 第三节 ESD系统操作······································································································ 90

一、ESD休眠与解休眠操作 ······················································································ 90 二、应急时拔ESD系统DO输出操作 ····································································· 94 第四节 站控系统工程软件的启动与停止······································································· 97

一、站控系统工程软件启动 ······················································································ 97 二、站控系统工程软件停止 ······················································································ 99 第五节 站控系统报警（事件）信息查询····································································· 100 第六节 站控系统报警历史趋势查询············································································· 106 第六章 电气···························································································································· 111

第一节 柴油发电机试运行启动、停止操作（P601） ················································· 111

一、启动前检查 ········································································································ 111 二、手动启动 ············································································································ 112 三、自动启动 ············································································································ 112 四、启动后检查 ········································································································ 112 五、手动停机 ············································································································ 112 六、停机后检查 ········································································································ 112 第二节 燃气发电机试运行启动、停止操作（P602） ················································· 113

一、启动前检查 ········································································································ 113 二、手动启动 ············································································································ 113 三、自动启动 ············································································································ 113 四、启动后检查 ········································································································ 113 五、手动停机 ············································································································ 113 六、停机后检查 ········································································································ 114 第三节 变压器有载调节分接开关调压操作（P603） ················································· 114

一、操作前检查 ········································································································ 114 二、分接开关操作 ···································································································· 114 三、操作后检查 ········································································································ 114 第四节 户外跌落熔断器（隔离开关）操作（P604） ················································· 115

一、操作前检查 ········································································································ 115

二、跌落熔断器操作 ································································································ 115

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三、操作后检查 ········································································································ 115

第七章 计量···························································································································· 115

第一节 流量计算机（埃尔斯特）组分值修改（P501） ············································· 115

一、F1流量计算机组分修改 ··················································································· 115 二、FC2000流量计算机组分修改··········································································· 117 三、FC2000手输组份保存时出现死机后的应急措施 ··········································· 118 第二节 流量计算机压力、温度和气体组分替代值更新，组态参数及数据保存

（P502）·············································································································· 119 一、F1流量计算机组态软件的使用 ······································································· 119 二、FC2000流量计算机组态软件的使用 ······························································· 128 三、S600流量计算机组态软件的使用···································································· 134 第三节 超声流量计检定系数核对（P503）································································· 142

一、uniform软件使用 ······························································································ 142 二、MeterLink软件使用 ·························································································· 148 第四节 流量计算机参数核对（P504） ········································································ 156 第五节 流量计比对操作（P505） ················································································ 156 第六节 超声流量计在线诊断和声速核查（P506） ····················································· 157

一、Daniel超声流量计在线诊断 ············································································· 157 二、Q sonic超声流量计在线诊断 ··········································································· 160 第七节 色谱分析仪的检查和手动标定········································································· 165

一、Daniel570色谱分析仪软件使用 ······································································· 165 二、EnCal3000色谱分析仪软件使用······································································ 175

附 录 技能竞赛试题 ············································································································ 190

附录1 2017年公司第六届技能竞赛试题····································································· 190

一、过滤分离器滤芯检查 ························································································ 190 二、更换法兰阀门 ···································································································· 192 三、调压撬设定值设定 ···························································································· 194 四、工艺流程图找错、流程补充设计····································································· 197 五、风险辨识与削减 ································································································ 198 六、输气站场天然气泄漏位置确认及应急处置（PPT题）·································· 203 附录2 2015年集团公司技能竞赛试题········································································· 205

一、超声波流量计声速核查 ···················································································· 205 二、输气工风险辨识与削减 ···················································································· 206 三、输气工综合业务能力考核试题········································································· 211

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第一章 工艺

第一节 淮阳站流程图讲解

淮阳分输压气站隶属于西气东输管道分公司郑州管理处，地处周口市淮阳县西郊五公里处。本站于2003年10月投产，新增压缩机部分于2009年11月投入运行。全站采用SCADA系统进行数据采集和监控，主要功能是接收上游薛店站来气增压输送至下游利辛站，其中周口分输涉及贸易计量结算，淮武支线只负责调压计量，不进行结算。站内主要设备有：西门子电机驱动的GE压缩机2台，空气压缩机2台、冷却水塔2台、主变压器2台、隔离变压器2台、清管器接收筒、清管器发送筒、站内自用气撬、气相色谱分析仪等。同时，本站还负责109#-112#、淮武1#-3#阀室以及沿线约153公里线路的管理。

淮阳站的工艺流程如下：接收上游薛店站来气，通过旋风分离器，除去天然气中的固体颗粒杂质和液滴，再经过过滤分离器，除去天然气中的各种微小颗粒和悬浮物；过滤后的天然气到达计量区，分别经过涡轮流量计或超声波流量计进行天然气计量，然后到达调压区，通过安全截断阀、监控调压阀、工作调压阀构成的调压撬进行调压，经过计量、调压后的天然气分别分输给周口城市燃气及淮武支线。另外，对接收的干线来气经过过滤增压后输送至下游利辛站。

第二节 正输流程切换越站流程操作

一、技术要求

站场进站阀1202#阀门旁通阀处于关闭状态，确认压缩机未运行，进出站压力平衡，不平衡时需打开气液联动阀阀门1101#阀旁通，若进出站压力存在压差，会导致阀门开关困难，强烈的气流会损坏密封面；阀门状态均已开关到位，仪表数据显示正常；在作业过程中手动开关具有阀门手轮的阀门时，完全开关完毕后回半圈。

二、操作内容及风险控制（P101） 1、参见操作票P101。

2、实训计划用时：0.5课时。 三、工况分析及异常处理

阀门不能全开到位时，切换为就地手动模式打开。

第三节 越站流程切换正输流程操作

一、技术要求

确认进出站压力平衡，不平衡时需打开气液联动阀阀门1101#阀旁通，若进出站压力存在压差，会导致阀门开关困难，强烈的气流会损坏密封面；确认站内阀门开关状态，调压区各阀门，各阀门旁通，站内工艺系统的放空、排污阀均在关位，确认组合式分离器处于投用状态，检查阀门状态均已开关到位，仪表数据显示正常，站场无泄漏；在作业过程中

1

手动开关具有阀门手轮的阀门时，完全开关完毕后回半圈。

二、操作内容及风险控制（P102） 1、参见操作票P102。

2、实训计划用时：0.5课时。 三、工况分析及异常处理

1、打开1207＃阀时可能会产生节流现象，节流会产生噪音及管线振动，噪音会对操作人员听力产生伤害，振动可能会导致泄漏。控制措施：现场操作人员戴护耳罩；应对操作管段上下游压力变化情况进行监视，缓开缓关，控制阀门开启速度，避免振动和泄漏的产生，若发生泄漏立即停止发球作业，对该管段泄压，泄压完毕后进行紧固或更换垫片，若不能处理，立即汇报北京和上海调度，站场协调专业岗和维修队处理。

2、阀杆发生泄漏。处理措施：如发生阀杆泄漏，立即停止升压作业，对该管段泄压隔离，泄压完毕后注脂维护后再次活动阀杆，检查漏气情况，若仍然漏气立即汇报北京和上海调度，站场协调专业岗和维修队处理。

第四节 运行站场升压操作

一、技术要求

确认站内阀门在指定开关状态：收球筒进气阀1201#、进站阀1202#、收球筒旁通充压阀1203#、发球筒出站阀1301#、压缩机管线出站阀1302＃、发球筒旁通充压阀1303#阀以及站内工艺系统的放空、排污阀在关位，站内分离器进出口阀在开位，进站气液联动阀1101#、压缩机出口汇管阀4501#阀门在开位，检查阀门状态均已开关到位，仪表数据显示正常，站内无泄漏；在作业过程中手动开关具有阀门手轮的阀门时，完全开关完毕后回半圈。

二、操作内容及风险控制（P103） 1、参见操作票P103。

2、实训计划用时：0.5课时。 三、工况分析及异常处理

1、打开1207＃阀时可能会产生节流现象，节流会产生噪音及管线振动，噪音会对操作人员听力产生伤害，振动可能会导致泄漏。控制措施：现场操作人员戴护耳罩；应对操作管段上下游压力变化情况进行监视，缓开缓关，控制阀门开启速度，避免振动和泄漏的产生，若发生泄漏立即停止发球作业，对该管段泄压，泄压完毕后进行紧固或更换垫片，若不能处理，立即汇报北京和上海调度，站场协调专业岗和维修队处理。

2、阀杆发生泄漏。处理措施：如发生阀杆泄漏，立即停止升压作业，对该管段泄压隔离，泄压完毕后注脂维护后再次活动阀杆，检查漏气情况，若仍然漏气立即汇报北京和上海调度，站场协调专业岗和维修队处理。

第五节 自用气橇切换流程操作

一、技术要求

确认备用路自用气橇安全切断阀、备用路自用气橇进口阀为关状态；在作业过程中手

2

动开关具有阀门手轮的阀门时，完全开关完毕后回半圈。

二、操作内容及风险控制（P104） 1、参见操作票P104。

2、实训计划用时：0.5课时。 三、工况分析及异常处理

1、作业过程中出现法兰漏气。处理措施：提前准备法兰垫片，做好对漏气点法兰紧固或更换法兰垫片的准备，发现法兰漏气停止作业，隔离放空自用气撬管线，泄压完毕后进行紧固或更换垫片，若不能处理，立即汇报北京和上海调度，站场协调专业岗和维修队处理。

2、调压阀指挥器膜片。处理措施：操作过程中缓慢打开安全切断阀平衡阀后打开安全切断阀，若指挥器膜片损坏，停止作业，隔离放空自用气撬管线，泄压完毕后进行更换膜片，若不能处理，立即汇报北京和上海调度，站场协调专业岗和维修队处理。

第六节 计量橇切换流程操作

一、技术要求

检查确认32路计量撬设备状态、底数；在作业过程中手动开关具有阀门手轮的阀门时，完全开关完毕后回半圈。

二、操作内容及风险控制（P105） 1、参见操作票P105。

2、实训计划用时：0.5课时。 三、工况分析及异常处理

1、节流会产生振动，充压过快可能损坏流量计。控制措施：控制旁通截止阀的开度，使涡轮流量计压力升高速率不超过35KPa/s，超声波流量计最高流速不超过20m/s。

2、风险：开阀速度过快产生振动，流速过高损坏流量计。控制措施：打开阀门时速度缓慢，如发生剧烈振动则通过手动打开，阀门打开时间至少持续1分钟。

第七节 调压橇切换流程操作

一、技术要求

确认备用路调压橇安全切断阀为开状态，作业结束在用调压橇已停用，并且处于热备状态；备用调压橇已投用，瞬时流量和分输压力在设定范围内。向北京、上海调度进行汇报，并申请对集中监视系统相关报警信息进行屏蔽，得到允许后进行操作；在作业过程中手动开关具有阀门手轮的阀门时，完全开关完毕后回半圈。

二、操作内容及风险控制（P106） 1、参见操作票P106。

2、实训计划用时：0.5课时。 三、工况分析及异常处理

1、进站压力较高，切换调压撬开启工作调压阀时要密切注意流量计瞬时流量，瞬时流

3