Unit 1 Helping those in need 重点词汇讲解第一课时：
1. raise v. 筹集；提升；增加
第三人称单数：raises 过去式：raised 过去分词：raised 现在分词：raising 搭配：raise one’s voice 提高嗓门；raise a family 养家糊口；raise money 筹款； raise price 提高价格；raise one’s spirits 打起精神 raise = keep 有“饲养，抚养”的意思，如：
raise cattle = keep cattle（饲养牲口）和raise children（抚养孩子） 辨析：raise, rise(rise--rose--risen)的区别
(1) 这两个词都有“提高，上升，增加”的意思，但其用法不同。
raise是及物动词，其主语通常是人；而rise是不及物动词，其主语通常是物。例如： The sun rises and bathes the earth. 太阳升起，普照大地。
(2) raise和rise用于同一事物时含义不同。例如：
The price of TV sets has been raised recently. 最近电视机提价了。（政府或厂家主动行动） The price of TV sets has risen recently. 最近电视机提价了。（市场调节） 2. permission n. = agreement 准许；批准
Write a letter to the head teacher to ask permission to raise money. 给校长写一封信请求允许筹钱。 同根词：permit v. = allow you to do it 许可，准许；默许 The guards permitted me to bring my camera and tape recorder. 3. disabled adj. 有伤残的；丧失能力的；不中用
I taught disabled children to sing. 我教残疾的孩子唱歌。
同根词：disable v. = make (sb.) unable to do sth. 使无能力；使残废，使伤残 He is disabled from voting. 他失去了选举资格。
enable v. = make (sb.) able to do sth. 使（某人）能够做某事 The new test should enable doctors to detect the disease early. 新的检测手段应该能够使医生们尽早查出这种疾病。
搭配：mentally disabled 有智力缺陷 learning disabilities 学习障碍 4. offer v. = be willing to do something 主动提出
Peter offered to teach them water-skiing. 彼得主动提出教他们滑水。 搭配：offer one’s hand 伸出友好的手 offer sb. sth. 为某人提供某物
They have offered me a large sum of money to go away. 他们曾为我提供一大笔搬迁费 辨析：provide, offer的区别：
provide用于表示无主动慷慨之意地为人或物提供需要或有用的东西，仅仅是出于某种责任，强调提供必须用的东西，尤其是生活用品。常用于provide sb. with sth. 或provide sth. for sb. 的固定搭配中。offer表示主动提供服务、工作等。常用于offer sb. sth.或offer sth. to sb. 固定搭配中。例如：offer sb.主动提出帮助某人；offer sb. a good salary 给某人一个好工资。
Somehow she managed to provide her children with food and clothing. 她总算设法使她的孩子有饭吃，有衣穿。
He offered me a glass of wine. = He offered a glass of wine to me. 他端给我一杯酒。 5. illness n. （某种）病
The children there all suffer from serious illness. 那里的孩子都遭受疾病的折磨。 同根词：ill adj. 有病的 （比较级：worse, 最高级：worst） 辨析：ill, sick的区别：
ill和sick都有“生病的；有病的”之意，但用法并不完全相同。
ill表示“生病的；有病的”这一意思时，一般用作表语，不能作定语；而sick既可以作表语又可以作定语，如“病人”可以说a sick man或the sick, 但不能说an ill man或the ill。例如： She is ill/sick in bed. 她卧病在床。
She is looking after her sick father. 她在照顾她生病的父亲。
sick 有“恶心的；厌倦的”之意。例如：The smell makes me sick. 这气味使我感到恶心。 ill作定语修饰名词时是“坏的；邪恶的”之意。例如： He is an ill man. 他是一个邪恶的人。 6. organize v. 组织
In the end, we all decided to organize a concert for Easter. 最终，我们一致决定组织一场复活节音乐会。 同根词：organization n. 组织；机构；团体
What do you know about our organization? 关于我们的组织你知道些什么？ 7. express v. 表达；表露
This helps them express their feelings. 这有助于他们表达他们的情感。 同根词：expression n. 表现，表示，表达；表情
She gave expression to her sadness. 她流露出了悲伤之情。
8. lonely adj. 孤独的；寂寞的；荒凉的 （比较级：lonelier最高级：loneliest） It felt like the loneliest place in the world. 感觉这就像是天底下最荒凉的地方。 辨析：lonely, alone的区别：
alone为形容词，意为“单独的”，只作表语，不能作定语。侧重说明独自一人，没有助手或同伴，没有感情色彩的只表示客观的状态。
lonely意为“孤独的”，表示主观上感到孤独、寂寞，有较浓的感情色彩，指因缺少朋友、同情、友谊等产生的一种悲伤和忧郁的感情。它为形容词，在句中作表语或定语。作定语时，意为“荒凉；偏僻”，多修饰表示地点的名词。
alone还可以作副词。 alone adv. 单独；独自
She went home alone.= She went home by herself. 她独自回家去了。 The old man lives in a lonely town, he lives alone but he does’t feel lonely. 这位老人住在偏僻的镇上，他独自一人住着，但他并不感到孤独。
第二课时：
1. friendship n. 友情；友谊
同根词：friend n. 朋友 复数：friends. I had a long talk about this with my best friend. friendly adj. 友好的
Robert has a friendly relationship with his customers. 罗伯特和他的客户之间关系处得很好。 friendliness n. 友善
She also loves the friendliness of the people. 她也喜欢人们的友善。
2. difficulty n. = be not able to do something easily 困难；费劲
The country is facing great economic difficulties. 该国正面临巨大的经济困难。 同根词：difficult adj. = hard to do 困难的
The child is going through a difficult phase. 那孩子正经历困难的阶段。 搭配：have difficulty (in) doing something 做……有困难
I had no difficulty (in) making myself understood. 我毫不费力地表达了自己的意思。 in difficulty/difficulties 处境困难
The bank is in difficulty/difficulties. 这家银行处境困难。 3. joy n. = a feeling of great happiness 愉快；喜悦
I taught them to sing because music can bring them joy and peace. 我教他们唱歌，因为音乐能带给他们喜悦与宁静。
同根词：joyful n. 快乐的，高兴的；令人开心的，使人喜悦的 He was excited and joyful at the success. 他因成功而激动欣喜。 搭配：to one’s joy 令人高兴的是，使某人高兴的是 To her joy her son was permitted to a key university. 4. peace n. 平静；宁静
the Nobel Peace Prize 诺贝尔和平奖
One more question and I’ll leave you in peace. 再问一个问题，我就不打扰你了。 同根词：peaceful adj. 和平的；爱好和平的；安静的；平静的
Evening in the country is a very peaceful time. 乡村里的今晚是平静安谧的时刻。 5. hurt v. = injure 使疼痛；受伤
Tim hurt his legs in an accident, but he has lots of courage. 提姆在一次事故中伤了腿，但他很勇敢。 同根词：hurt adj. 受伤的；痛苦的；（受）损坏的
They did not seem to be badly hurt. 他们看起来没有受重伤。 搭配：hurt oneself 受伤
Have you hurt yourself? 你伤着自己了吗？ 6. courage n. 勇气；勇敢
He showed great courage and determination. 他表现得十分勇敢和果断。 同根词：encourage v. 鼓励，鼓舞；支持；促进；鼓动 My English teacher often encourages us to read English aloud. 我的英语老师常常鼓励我们大声读英语。
搭配：take one’s courage in both hands 鼓起勇气去做；敢作敢为 Taking her courage in both hands, she opened the door and walked in. 她壮着胆打开门，走了进去。
courage in the face of danger 面对危险时的胆量
7. pay v. 付款；偿还
We paid ?35 for each ticket. 我们每张票付了35英镑。 同根词：pay n. 工资；薪水；报答
They complained about their pay and conditions. 他们抱怨他们的薪水和工作条件。 搭配：pay off 偿清（债务）；支付（债务）的全部数额
pay attention to 注意 pay a visit to 去参观，拜访 pay for 为……付款 辨析：spend, take, cost和pay的用法区别：
take, spend, cost, pay都可以表示“花费”，但用法却不尽相同。 spend的主语必须是人，常用于以下结构：
(1)spend time/money on sth. 在……上花费时间（金钱）。例如：
I spent two hours on this maths problem. 这道数学题花了我两个小时。 (2)spend time/money (in) doing sth. 花费时间（金钱）做某事。例如：
They spent two years (in) building this bridge. 造这座桥花了他们两年时间。 (3)spend money for sth. 花钱买…… 例如：
His money was spent for books. 他的钱用来买书了。
cost的主语是物或某种活动，还可以表示“值”，常见用法如下： (1)sth. costs (sb.) + 金钱，某物花了（某人）多少钱。例如： A new computer costs a lot of money.
(2)(doing) sth. costs (sb.) + 时间，某物（做某事）花了（某人）多少时间。例如：
Remembering these new words cost him a lot of time.他花了大量时间才记住了这些单词。 注意：cost的过去式及过去分词都是cost，并且不能用于被动句。 take后面常跟双宾语，常见用法有以下几种：
(1)It takes sb. + 时间 + to do sth. 做某事花了某人多少时间。例如：
It took them three years to build this road. 他们用三年时间修完了这条路。 (2)doing sth. takes sb. + 时间，做某事花了某人多少时间。例如： Repairing this car took him the whole afternoon. 他花了一下午修车。 pay的基本用法是：
(1)pay (sb.) money for sth.付钱（给某人）买…… 例如：
I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each month. 我每个月要付20英镑的房租。 (2)pay for sth. 付……的钱 例如：
I have to pay for the book lost. 我不得不赔丢失的书款。 (3)pay for sb. 替某人付钱 例如：
Don’t worry! I’ll pay for you. 别担心，我会给你付钱的。 (4)pay sb. 付钱给某人 例如：
They pay us every month. 他们每月给我们报酬。 (5)pay money back 还钱 例如：
May I borrow 12 yuan from you? I’ll pay it back next week. (6)pay off one’s money 还清钱。 cost…… 某物价值多少元
The book costs 2 yuan. 那本书2元钱 spend……某人花费多少元
We spend 2 yuan buying the book. 我们花费2元买那本书。 注意：cost的主语是物（某物花费了多少），spend的主语是人（某人花费了多少）。 sth. cost sb. some money
sb. spend some money/time on sth. / (in) doing sth.
The car cost him around ten thousand US dollars. 这车花去他一万美元左右。
The error cost the company one million pounds. 这错误使公司损失了一百万英镑。 spend 主语只能是人，表示“……在……上花费了……”
I spent MYM 100 on the bike. 我花了一百美元买下那辆自行车。
They spent three months touring Europe. 他们花了三个月时间周游欧洲。 总结：
take一般用it作主语，例如：it takes sb. sometime to do sth.
spend一般是人作主语，例如：I spend an hour finishing my homework. cost表示某物值什么的（价值或钱），例如：The book cost 200 yuan. pay一般是人作主语，例如：I pay lots of money for books.
1 Unit 5Save the endangered animals
词组详解
1. endangered adj. 濒危的 an endangered animal
danger n. 危险 in (great) danger 处于（巨大的）危险中 dangerous adj. 危险的 eg. We should try our best to protect the ____________ (danger) animals.
Snakes are ____________. Don’t touch them or you will be in _______. (danger) 2. file n.档案; 电脑上的文件夹 fact file 纪实档案，档案录
eg. You must record and keep a file of all expenses. 你必须对所有的花费进行记录并存档。 3. giant panda n. 大熊猫
eg. The government is encouraging farmers to leave the giant panda reserves. 政府鼓励农民离开大雄高保护区。 4. obligation n. 义务；责任
eg. Children have the obligation to take care of their old parents.子女有照顾年迈父母的义务。 5. wild adj. 野生的 wild animals/ flowers 野生动物/野花 N.自然环境；野生状态 in the wild 在野外 eg.It is hard to survive in the wild. 在野外生存是很困难的。 6.bamboo n. 竹；竹子 bamboos（复数）
bamboo leaves 竹叶 bamboo forest 竹林 bamboo shoots 竹笋 7.adult n. 成年动物;成年人 adj.成年的
eg. The fish return to the river as adults in order to breed.这种鱼长成后回到河中产卵。 Children and adults should have equal rights. 儿童和成年人应该享有平等的权利。 I have spent most of my adult life in London. 我成年后的大部分时间都在伦敦度过。 8. weight n. 重量；体重 weigh v. 有......的重量；称......的重量 eg. What is your height ad weight?你的身高和体重多少？
Turkeys can reach weights of up to 50 pounds.火鸡可重达50磅。 She weighs 60 kilograms.=She is 60 kilos in weight. lose weight 减肥 put on weight 增肥 9. kilogram n. 公斤 （pl. kilograms） 10.10. population n.人口,数量
eg.The population of this city is six million.这个城市的人口是600万.
China’s population is much larger than that of Australia.中国的人口比澳大利亚的人口多得多. population 必须用big, large / small修饰 不可以用many ,much修饰
What is the population of Germany?=How many people are there in Germany?德国的人口是多少? 11.behaviour n. (动植物的）活动方式；行为，举止 behave v. 表现
eg. Those scientists are learning about the behaviours of dolphins. 那些科学家正在研究海豚的习性。 Ted should be responsible for his own behaviour. 特德要对他自己的行为负责。
Teachers often tell their students to mind their behavior. 老师经常提醒同学们注意自己的行为. 2 They behaved very badly towards their guests. 他们对和人很不礼貌。 He behaves like a true gentleman. 他的行为像个真正的绅士。
12.birth v. 出生；诞生 birthday n. 生日 birth date 出生日期 birthplace出生地 birth rate 出生率 at birth 出生时 give birth to 生出,生产 birthmark 胎记
eg. The birth of his grandchildren gave him great pleasure. 孙子孙女的出生给他带来了极大的快乐。 A giant panda is tiny at birth. The cat gave birth to five kittens. 13.patch n. 色斑；斑点
eg. The black dog has a white patch on its back. 这条黑狗的背上有一块白斑。 14.shoulder n. 肩；肩膀
eg. Mother put her arm round the boy’s shoulder. 母亲揽着这个男孩的肩膀。
15. central adj. 中心的,中央的 centre n. 中心,中央 the centre of London 伦敦市的中心 eg. He lives in central London.他住在伦敦中部. 16. Asia n.亚洲 Asian adj. 亚洲的 n. 亚洲人 eg. China is in Asia and it is an Asian country.
17.face n. 脸 v. 面对 face to face 面对面 ＊face the music 接受惩罚 eg. There are tears on her face.
The giant pandas are facing dangers. 18.menu n. 菜单
eg. What’s on the menu tonight? 今晚有什么菜？ 19.fur n. (动物的）毛皮
eg. The animal is hunted for its fur. 狩猎这种动物是为了获取其毛皮。 20.cruel adj. 残忍的；残酷的 cruelty n. 残忍； 虐待；残暴的行为 eg. Don’t be cruel to animals!不要虐待动物！
Her eyes are cruel and hard. 她目光冷酷。 必记词组：
fact file 档案 the giant panda 大熊猫 in the wild 在野外 at birth 出生时 a kind of 一种
all kinds of=all sorts of 各种各样的 the rest of 其余的 Central and Western China 中西部地区
South-East Asia 东南亚 South China tigers 华南虎 the bamboo forests 竹林 as much as 像......那样多 on one’s own=by oneself 独立地，独自地 stay healthy=keep healthy 保持健康 up to 达到 cut down 砍到，消减 come close 接近 wave at(to) 向（某人）挥手示意
in group 成组 around the world=all over the world=all through the world全世界
the red-crowned crane 丹顶鹤 a girl called...一个叫......的女孩 become good at 变得擅长 a nature reserve 一个自然保护区 take care of =look after 照顾，照看 day and night日日夜夜 go missing [美国口语]不在，缺席 3
on the second night 在第二天晚上 in memory of...纪念......
not only.... but also 不但......而且 use...as 把......当做......使用 the missing bird 失踪的鸟 The World Wide Fund for Nature 世界自然基金会
World Wildlife Fund 世界野生动物基金 live harmony with nature 与自然和谐相处 strong enough 足够强壮 be cruel to 对。。。残忍
ask sb. to do sth. 让某人做某事 stop doing sth. 停止正在做的事情 be willing to do sth. 乐意做某事
Unit 5知识点讲解
重点单词：
file; wild; bamboo; adult; weight; kilogram; population; behaviour; birth; shoulder; central; menu; fur; cruel; organization; danger; face; Asian; weigh
常考短语：
1. in the wild 在野生环境中 2. at birth 出生时
3. on one’s own 独自 4. close to 几乎；接近 5. become/ be good at 擅长 6. heard of 听说 7. at least 至少； 起码 10. cut down 砍倒
11. give birth to 生孩子，产仔 12. learn about 知悉，了解
13. a kind of 一种 14. between…and… 在…和…之间 15. feel sorry about 为…感到遗憾 16. at least 至少 17. in memory of 纪念 18. fly away 飞离
19. fall asleep 入睡 20. The number of … ……的数目 21. protect sb./ sth. from/ against 保护某人或某物免受……
重点句型：
1. It is not difficult for them to climb trees.
2. They are strong enough to protect themselves. 3. It is cruel of them to do so.
4. A giant panda can eat as much as 30 kilograms of bamboo a day.
5. They need to eat a lot to stay healthy, so they spend more than 12 hours a day eating. 6. The rest of its body is white.
重点词汇变形：
1. endangered adj. 濒临灭绝的；有生命危险的---endanger v. 危及；使遭到危险---danger n. 危险---dangerous adj. 危险的---dangerously adv. 危险地
2. weight n. 重量 --- weigh v. 重--- heavy adj. 重的（=weighty） 3. behaviour n. 行为--- behave v. 表现
4. protect v. 保护---protective adj. 防护的--- protection n. 保护 5. appearance n. 外貌--- appear v. 显得；似乎---disappear v. 消失 6. west n. 西方---western adj. 西方的 7. health n. 健康---healthy adj. 健康的
8. cruel adj. 残忍的--- cruelly adv. 残忍地---cruelty n. 残忍 9. produce v. 生产--- product n. 产品--- production n. 产量 10. sleep v. 睡觉---sleepy adj. 困倦的---- asleep adj. 睡着的 11. suggest v. 建议---suggestion n. 建议
（完整word版）2014年深圳新版牛津英语八年级下册Unit - 1 - Helping - those - in - need - 重点词
