专升本英语分类模拟70 Reading Comprehension
Now custom has not been commonly regarded as a subject of any great importance. The inner workings of our own brains we feel to be uniquely worthy of investigation, but custom, we have a way of thinking, is behavior at its most commonplace. As a matter of fact, it is the other way around. Traditional custom, taken the world over, is a mass of detailed behavior more astonishing than what any one person can ever in individual actions. Yet that is a rather trivial (微不足道的) aspect of the matter. The fact of first-rate importance is the predominant role that custom plays in experience and in belief and the very great varieties it may manifest.
No man ever looks at the world with pristine(质朴的，纯洁的) eyes. He sees it edited by a definite set of customs and institutions and ways of thinking. Even in his philosophical probing he cannot go behind these stereotypes; his very concepts of the true and the false will still have reference to particular
traditional customs. John Dewey has said in all seriousness that the part played by custom in shaping the behavior of the individual as over against any way in which he can affect traditional custom, is as the
proportion of the total vocabulary of his mother tongue over against those words of his own baby talk that are taken up into the language of his family. When one seriously studies social orders have had the opportunity to develop independently, the figure becomes to more than an exact and matter-of-fact observation. The life history of the individual is first and foremost an adjustment to the patterns and standards traditionally handed down in his community. From the moment of his birth the customs into which he is born shape his experience and behavior. By the time he can talk, he is the little creature of his culture, and by the time he is grown and able to take part in its activities, its habits are his habits, its beliefs his beliefs, its impossibilities his impossibilities.
1. The author thinks the reason why custom has been ignored in the academic world is that .
A.custom reveals only the superficial nature of human behavior
B.the study of social orders can replace the study of custom
C.people are still not aware of the important role that custom plays in forming their world outlook D.custom has little to do with our ways of thinking
C
[解析] 根据第一段第二句“The inner workings of our own brains we feel to be uniquely worthy of investigation, but custom, we have a way of thinking，is behavior at its most commonplace.”可知，人 们认为人脑内部活动值得研究，而认为风俗传统只是最常见的行为。由此说明人们认为前者重 要，后者不重要，因此不对其进行字术研究，所以C正确。 2. Which of the following is true according to John Dewey?
A.An individual can exercise very little influence on the cultural tradition into which he is born. B.Custom is the direct result of the philosophical probings of a group of people.
C.An individual is strongly influenced by the cultural tradition even before he is born. D.Custom represents the collective wisdom which benefits the individual.
A
[解析] 由题干关键词John Dewey定位至第二段第四句“John Dewey has said in all seriousness that the part played by custom in shaping the behavior of the individual as over against any way in which... that are taken up into the language of his family.”可知，根据John Dewey所打的比方，风俗习惯对个人的 行为的影响相对于个人对传统风俗的影响，就像母语对个人语言的影响相对个人会对整个母语词 汇的影响一样。也就是说个人对传统风俗习惯的影响非常小，所以A正确。
3. Which of the following can best describe \
A.the concept of the true and the false of a society. B.the independently developed social orders.
C.the adjustment of the individual to the new social environment. D.the patterns and standards of behavior of a community.
D
[解析] 根据第二段倒数第三句“The life history of the individual is first and foremost an adjustment to the patterns and standards traditionally handed down in his community.”(一个人一生首先就是要不断调 节自己以适应由他所处环境所保留下来的生活模式及标准。)再结合第一段第二句后半部分...“but custom,... is behavior at its most commonplace”，由此可知，习俗是一种行为。所以D正确。A、B、 C三个选项不全面，而且仅仅把习俗看为一种规则和观念类的东西，故排除。 4. According the passage, a person's life, from his birth to death, is A.constantly shaping the cultural traditions of his people
B.predominated by traditional custom
C.continually influenced by the habits of other communities D.chiefly influenced by the people around him
B
[解析] 由题干关键词“from his birth to his death”定位至第二段最后两句“From the moment of his birth the customs into which he is born shape his experience and behavior. By the time he can talk, he is the little creature of his culture,...”可知，从一出生，人所处其中的社会习俗就塑造着他的经验和行 为。由此推断，人的一生摆脱不了传统风俗对个人的影响，所以B正确。
.
5. The author's purpose in writing his passage is to .
A.urge individuals to follow traditional customs
B.stress the strong influence of customs on an individual C.examine the interaction of man and social customs D.show man's adjustment to traditional customs
B
[解析] 由上面的文章大意可知，作者通篇都在强调风俗对个人的影响，所以B正确。
The United States of America is often seen as a nation in which the pursuit of happiness is not a dream but a reality. The sad truth is that although portrayed as an unusually easy life, life in America is as much of a struggle as in any other nation.
For example, higher level education for Americans does not come easy. Although there are
scholarships, grants and loans available, if the student fails to meet the criteria (标准) he is left with only personal resources to draw from. This takes him into a life with not only a school schedule to follow but perhaps, also, a work schedule and family life. These are often the difficulties that are not portrayed
through the TV and movies. These are also the difficulties which many believe they will not encounter by attending an American college.
In the second place, there is financial security. Many times what is portrayed of life in America is a life where \谬误) in this is that, in spite of the comparatively higher wages available, the cost of living is also higher. Even though it may seem like one is making more money, just as much is spent in surviving. Each person has their own personal struggle and money is an object for the majority of the people.
Thirdly is the belief that in American way of life everyone has a good job. With the increasing
advancements in technology, a well-paid job for those currently in the work force is getting harder to find. Those who have not been exposed to computers and other new methods of communication are finding this to be true. As it stands now, the job market is requiring at least a two-year degree from college, in order to make enough to live comfortably. Even then well-paid jobs are not easy to find, as it is sometimes believed because of the portrayal of life in America.
6. The life in America emphasizes more on
.
A.justice
B.entertainment C.liberty D.happiness
D
[解析] 从第一段的第一句话我们可以知道，美国人特别崇尚追求快乐幸福的生活，因此他们也特 别注重幸福。因此D正确。A公正、B娱乐、C自由，这些都与文章的意思不相符。
7. According to the passage, if the students in America cannot obtain scholarships, grants and loans, they have to .
A.depend on government to help them
B.get college admission by their own hard work C.depend on themselves even in college D.borrow money from their parents
C
[解析] 由题干关键词“scholarships, grants and loans”定位至第二段第二句“Although there are
scholarships, grants and loans available, if the student fails to meet the criteria he is left with only personal resources to draw from.”由此可知，假如字生没有资栺获得奖字金的话，那他只有甠自己 的财力支付这笔费甠了。所以选C。A依靠政府的帮助，这与文章中的意思“由自己承担”不一 致；B通过自己的努力字习进入大字，这与谁来承担费甠没有直接的关系；D向父母借钱，这与文 章中的意思也不一致。
8. Most people regard money as life's object because A.money is everything in America B.it is easy to earn money in America C.money is a symbol of status
D.they require more money for survival
.
D
[解析] 由题干关键词“money as life's object”定位至第三段最后两句“Even though it may seem like one is making more money, just as much is spent in surviving. Each person has their own personal
struggle and money is an object for the majority of the people.”由此可知，即使一个人看起来赚了更多 的钱，其实也只是能满足日常生活所需。所以一个人的生孓需要更多的费甠。A在美国钱是一 切，B在美国挣钱很容易，C金钱是地位的象征，根据上句分析可知，人们把钱作为一个目标是因 为他们的生活中需要许多钱，并不是因为上面列出的三种原因。 9. The labor force in America
.
A.provides many positions for applicants
B.only needs the people with advanced science and technology C.seldom promises a qualified applicant a high wage D.has fierce competition out of our imagination
D
[解析] 从第四段我们可以知道，随着科技的不断进步，对目前劳动力来说高收入的工作更难找 了。那些没有接触过计算机和其他信息手段的人很真实地体会到了这一点。而且目前的就业市场 对人们的要求是至少要接受过两年的大字教育。所以工作竞争比我们想象的要激烈得多，所以选 D。
10. Which of the following is the example cited by the author to testify his judgment of the life in America?
A.The description in movies. B.Higher welfare standard. C.Technological security. D.Work force.
D
[解析] 本文从三个方面来讨论美国的生活并阐述观点，第二段是从教育方面，第三段是从收入方 面，第四段是从美国工作方面来说的，所以只有D对应了第四段内容，故选D。
Did you know that all human beings have a \someone when they talk? This distance varies in interesting ways among people of different cultures. Greeks, others of the Eastern Mediterranean, and many of those from South America normally stand quite close together when they talk, often moving their faces even closer as they warm up in a
conversation. North Americans find this awkward and often back away a few inches. Studies have found that they tend to feel most comfortable at about 21 inches apart. In much of Asia and Africa, there is even more space between two speakers in conversation. This greater space subtly lends an air of dignity and respect. This matter of space is nearly always unconscious, but it is interesting to observe.
This difference applies also to the closeness with which people sit together, the extent that they lean over one another in conversation, how they move as they argue or make an emphatic point. In the United States, for example, people try to keep their bodies apart even in a crowded elevator; in Paris they take it as it comes!
Although North Americans have a relatively wide \a great deal with their hands—not only with gesture but also with touch. They put a sympathetic hand on a person's shoulder to demonstrate warmth of feeling or an arm around him in sympathy; they nudge(甠肘 轻推) a man in the ribs to emphasize a funny story; they pat an arm in reassurance or stroke a child's head in affection; they readily take someone's arm to help him across a street or direct him along an unfamiliar route. To many people—especially those from Asia or the Moslem countries—such body contact is unwelcome, especially if inadvertently(不注意地) done with left hand. The left hand carries no special significance in the U. S.. Many Americans are simply left-handed and use that hand more. 11. In terms of body distance, North Americans .
A.are similar to South Americans B.stand farther apart
C.feel ill at ease when too close D.move nearer during conversation
C
[解析] 题干关键词“North Americans”定位至第二段第二句“North Americans find this awkward and often back away a few inches.”北美人发现这(指前文说的“谈话时靠得很近，甚至达到面对面的程 度”)很尴尬并且常退后几英寸。awkward与ill at ease同义，所以C正确。 12. For Asians, the comfort zone A.is deliberately determined
B.measures 21 inches
C.varies according to status D.implies esteem D
.
[解析] 由题干关键词“Asians”定位至第二段后面部分“In much of Asia and Africa, there is even more space between two speakers in conversation. This greater space subtly lends an air of dignity and respect. This matter of space is nearly always unconscious.”大意为：在谈话时，亚洲人之间的距离更大，并 且距离空间越大越显示出一种尊重的氛围。人们保持这样的距离常常是无意识的。所以D正确。
13. It can be inferred from the passage that in a crowded elevator, a Frenchman would
. A.behave in the same way as an American would
B.make no particular effort to distance himself C.be afraid of body contact D.do his best to leave
B
[解析] 由题干关键词“crowded elevator”和“Frenchman”定位至第三段最后一句“In the United States, for example, people try to keep their bodies apart even in a crowded elevator; in Paris they take it as it comes!”在拥挤的电梯里，美国人尽量让他们的身体分开一些；而在巴黎，人们比较随意!所以B正 确。
14. When Americans tell a joke, they often
.
A.pat people on the head
B.give people a hug C.dig people in the ribs D.touch people on the arm
C
[解析] 由题干关键词“Americans tell a joke”定位至最后一段第二句“...they nudge a man in the ribs to emphasize a funny story...”……他们(美国人)在强调一个有趣的故事时，常常碰一下谈话对象的肋 骨……。所以C正确。
15. Which of the following is true about \
A.The Asians are likely to pat an arm in reassurance with left hand. B.People in the USA are all left-handed.
C.People in Moslem countries tend to use left hand. D.Japanese are less likely to use left hand.
D
[解析] 由题干关键词“left-handedness”定位至最后一段最后两句“To many people—especially those from Asia or the Moslem countries—such body contact is unwelcome, especially if inadvertently done with left hand. The left hand carries no special significance in the U.S. Many Americans are simply left- handed and use that hand more.”对于一些人来说——特别是来自亚洲和伊斯兰国家的人——这样的 身体接触(上文提到的如轻拍胳膊表示确信等)是不受欢迎的，尤其是有人不小心甠左手做了这些 动作。在美国，甠左手没有特殊的含义，很多美国人就是左撇子，甠左手的机会更多。由“To many people—especially those from Asia or the Moslem countries—such body contact is unwelcome”可 知，D正确，A、C不正确；由Many Americans are simply left-handed可知，B不正确。
There are two main changes comparing with the past. First, there are new definitions of what man can achieve, of what a human standard of life should be. In recent times this has been particularly true since technology has consistently broadened man's potential, it has made a longer, healthier, better life possible. Thus, in terms of what is technically possible, we have higher aspirations. Those who suffer levels of life well below those that are possible, even though they live better than medieval knights(中世纪骑士) or
专升本英语分类模拟70
