3．再次提到上文提到过的人或事物 例如：
I bought a dictionary yesterday. The dictionary is at home. 昨天我买了一本词典。词典在家里。
4．用在大家所熟悉的、世界上独一无二的事物 例如：
The earth is bigger than the moon, but smaller than the sun. 地球比月亮大，但比太阳小。 5．用在序数词和形容词最高级前 例如：
Mr Wang teaches the first class. 王先生上第一节课。
Of all the stars the sun is the nearest to the earth. 在所有的恒星中，太阳离地球最近。
6．用在单数可数名词，表示某一类人或事物 例如：The horse is a useful animal. 马是有用的动物。
7．与下列专有名词连用
1）在江、河、湖、海、群岛、山脉的名称前 例如：
the Changjiang River, the Great Lake
2）在姓氏的复数名词前，表示夫妇二人或全家人 例如：
The Greens are sitting at the breakfast table. 格林一家人正围坐在早餐桌旁。 8．和某些形容词连用，表示一类人 例如：
the old 老人 the young 年轻人 the rich 富人 the poor 穷人 the sick 病人 the dead 死人 9．在一些习惯说法中 the east (west, south, north)
in the morning (afternoon, evening) on the left (right) in the end
go to the cinema
（四）不用冠词的几种情况
1．在专有名词，抽象名词和物质名词前 例如：
Have you ever been to Shanghai? 你到过上海吗？ We love science. 我们爱好科学。
2．在表示一类人或事物的复数名词前 例如：
Girls can be scientists. 女孩子可以当科学家。
3．在季节、月份、星期、一日三餐的名称前 例如：
It is hot in summer.
夏天天气热。
It?s Tuesday, August the 22nd. 今天是八月二十二日，星期三。 Have you had breakfast? 你吃过早饭没有？
4．称呼语或表示头衔，职务的名词前 例如：
What?s the matter with you, Mike? 怎么啦，迈克？
He is headmaster of our school. 他是我们学校的校长。 5．学科和球类运动的名称前 例如：
We study English. 我们学习英语。
Do you like to play football? 你喜欢踢足球吗？
6．名词前已有用作定语的this, that my, your, some, any, no, whose, every, each等代词时，不用冠词 例如：
That is her bike.
那是她的自行车。
Each student in his class studies hard. 这个班的每个学生都努力学习。 7．在某些固定词组的名词前
例如：
at home, at night, after school, by bus, in bed, in town, in front of, go to school, go to bed等。
三、随堂监测A组
I. 在下列句子的空格中填上适当的冠词，不需要的地方用“/”表示： 1. This is ______ old map. It is ______ useful map.
2. We have no classes in ______ afternoon on _______ Saturday. 3. ______ spaceship flies at about eleven kilometers _______second. 4. Beijing is ______ capital of ______ China. It is _______ beautiful city. 5. Roman was not built in ______ day.
6. Chinese is quite ______ difficult language for Mike.
7. Many ______ students will take ______ active part in sports meet. 8. There is ______ interesting picture on ______ wall.
9. Jenny found ______ wallet lying on ______ground. ______ wallet was Mr. Black?s. 10. Which is ______ biggest, ______ sun, ______ moon, or ______ earth? 11. --- Which picture is more beautiful? --- ______one on ______ left, I think. 12. --- Which is _____ way to ______ hospital?
--- Go down this road and turn left on ______ second crossing. 13. _______ more, _______ better.
14. _______ Turners are sitting at breakfast table.
15. Joe Hill was _______ fighter for ______ working class.
16. When was ______ People?s Republic of China founded?
17. In China ______ first English textbooks were published in _____late nineteenth century. 18. After ______ breakfast he went to ______ school on ______ foot. 19. ______ Huanghe River lies in ______ north of China.
20. He likes playing ______ football. His sister likes playing ______ piano.
II. 单项选择：
1. 上学 A. go to school B. go to the school C. go to a school
2. 住院 A, in the hospital B. in a hospital C. in hospital 3. 此刻 A. at the moment B. at a moment C. at moment 4. 在课堂上 A. in class B. in a class C. in the class 5. 在地球上 A. on earth B. on an earth C. on the earth 6. 步行 A. on foot B. on the foot C. on feet 7. 吃饭 A. at a table B. at the table C. at table 8. 乘公共汽车A. take bus B. by bus C. by the bus 9. 在家 A. at the home B. at a home C. at home 10. 在工作 A. at work B. at the work C. at works 11. 跳高 A. jump high B. high jump C. the high jump 12. 坐飞机 A. by air B. by the air C. on air13. 乘火车 A. by the train B. by train C. on train 14. 在校学习 A. in the school B. in school C. in schools 15. 睡觉 A. go to bed B. go to the bed C. go to a bed 16. 感冒 A. have a cold B. have the cold C. have cold 17. 乘船 A. by ship B. on ship C. by a ship
18. 玩得痛快A. have good times B. have a good time C. have good times 19. 事实上 A. in the fact B. in facts C. in fact 21. 从早到晚A. from morning to the evening
B. from morning to evening C. from a morning to an evening
四、随堂监测B组 III. 选择填空：
1. There is ______ old woman in the car.
A. / B. the C. a D. an 2. Shanghai is in _______ east of China.
A. / B. an C. the D. a
3. Bill is ______ English teacher. He likes playing ______ football. A. a, the B. an, the C. a, / D. /, /
4. The museum is quite far. It will take you half _____ hour to go there by ______ bus. A. an, / B. an, a C. a, / D. /, /
5. The story is ______ interesting. That means it is ______ interesting story. A. an, the B. the, a. C. /, an D. /, a 6. Let?s go for ______ walk, shall we?
A. a B. an C. the D. /
7. This is ______ interesting story-book and it is also ______ useful one. A. a, a B. an, an C. an, a D. a, an
8. _______ woman over there is ______ popular teacher in our school. A. A, an B. The, a C. The , the D. A, the 9. They passed our school ______ day before yesterday.
A. an B. one C. a D. the 10. Australia is ______ English-speaking country.
A. a B. an C. the D. / 11. Don?t play ______ basketball here. It?s dangerous.
A. a B. an C. / D. the 12. This is ______ apple. It?s _______ big apple.
A. an, a B. a, the C. a, an D. an, the 13. --- Have you seen ______ bag? I left it here just now. --- Is it ______ one on the chair near the door?
A. a, a B. the, the C. a, the D. the, a 14. I have ______ blue coat.
A. a B. an C. the D. some 15. This is _____ orange. _______ orange is on the table.
A. a, The B. an, The C. an, An D. the, An
16. Have you had ______ breakfast?
A. a B. an C. the D. / 17. He wondered when the doctor could finish _____ operation. A. a B. an C. the D. any
18. After ______ supper, he stayed at home and played ______ violin. A. the, the B. /, the C. /, a D. /, / 19. There is ______ apple on the plate.
A. a B. an C. the D. / 20. He said that he got ______ “ C” in the test.
A. a B. an C. the D. / 21. ______ new bridge has been built over ______ Huangpu River. A. The, a B. A, / C. A, the D. An, an 22. English is _______ useful language in ______ world.
A. an, the B. a, the C. the, the D. an, an 23. In the word “ cariage” _______ “ r” is lost.
A. the B. an C. a D. /
24. With the help of his teacher he studied hard and got ______ “ A” in the test. A. a B. an C. the D. one
25. I have two dogs. ______ black one is two years old and ______ yellow one is three years old. A. A, a B. The, a C. The, the D. A. the 26. Li Dan can play ______ piano very well.
A. / B. a C. an D. the 27. What ______ interesting film it is! I like ______ film very much. A. a, the B. a, a C. an, the D. The, / 28. ______ tall man over there is our ______ English teacher.
A. A, the B. The, a C. A, an D. The, /
代词
一、本周内容概述
1．代词的作用
严格地讲，代词是代替名词的，在句子中起名词的作用，可用作： 1）主语 例如：
This is our new home.
这是我们的新家。 Who is on the phone?
谁在打电话？ 2）宾语
例如：
Take good care of yourself. 多多保重。
We should help each other. 我们应互相帮助。 3）表语 例如： That?s not mine. 那不是我的。 Who is it? —It?s me. 谁呀？ —是我。 4）同位语 例如：
We both live in the dormitory. 我们两人都住宿舍。 He ate them all. 他把它们全吃了。 5）呼语 例如：
Be patient, everybody. 大家都耐心点。 2．代词的分类
代词通常可分为以下八类： 1）人称代词（I, you, he , we等）
2）物主代词（our, your, their, his等）
3）反身代词（myself, ourselves, yourself, itself等） 4）相互代词（each other, one another） 5）指示代词（this, that, these, those等） 6）疑问代词（who, what, which, whose等） 7）关系代词（who, that, which, whose等） 8）不定代词（both, all, some, any等） 二、重点知识归纳及讲解
（一）人称代词
1．人称代词的单数、复数和主格、宾格 数 单数格 主格 人称 第一人称 I 我 复数 宾语 主格 me 宾格 we 我们 us 第二人称 you 你 you you 你们 you he 他 him 他them she 她 her 们 第三人称 it 它 it they 她们 它们 2．人称代词的用法
1）人称代词的主格在句子中充当主语 例如：
I am studying English now. 我现在正在学英语。 We love our country. 我们热爱我们的国家。
如果有几个人称代词并列充当主语，它们的顺序是： 单数形式 you, he and I 复数形式 we, you and they
2）人称代词的宾语在句子中充当宾语、介词宾语或表语。 例如：
Can you help us? 你能帮助我们吗？
We are waiting for them. 我们正在等他们。 Who is there? It?s me.
初中语法一本通
