必备短语
Section A 部分
1.允许某人去做某事 2.谈论关于… 3.浏览、翻看 4.生某人的气 5.和..相处得好 6.笼罩 7.和…交流 8.向某人解释… 9.和…打架 10.在电话中 11.重要的事 12.成功解决、计算出 13.有足够的睡眠 14.主动提出做… 15.拒绝做某事 16.抄袭某人的作业 allow sb. to do sth talk about look through be angry with get on with… hang over communicate with… explain sth. to sb. get into a fight with on the phone a big deal work out get enough sleep offer to do… refuse to do copy one’s homework Section B 部分 1.家庭成员 family members 2.与某人竞争 compete with sb. 3.学习应试技巧 learn exam skills 4.删除，删减 cut out 5.业余活动 free time activities 6.提出某人的观点 give one’ s opinion 7.依….的观点看 in one’s opinion 8.总的做某事（厌烦等） be always doing sth. 【教材内容解析】 Section A
1. My parents don’t allow me to hang out with my friends. (P. 25)
① allow doing sth. 允许做某事
翻译：The shopkeeper (店员) doesn’t allow smoking in any corner of the shop. __________________________________________ ② allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事
翻译：His parents allow him to play computer games if he finishes his homework. ____________________________________________ 2. I got into a fight with my best friend. (P. 25)
get into a fight with sb.意为“和某人打架”，相当于have a fight with sb.或者fight with sb.。
翻译：He got drunk (醉酒的) and got into a fight with Jim. _________________________________________ 3. What’s wrong? (P. 25)
What’s wrong?意为“怎么了？”，用来询问对方有什么问题或者不顺心的事，What’s wrong with...?意为“……怎么了？”，后接sb.或者sth.，用来询问某人或者某物怎么了？
---What’s wrong with you, Jim? ---I left my umbrella on the bus.
【拓展】询问“怎么了？”，主要有以下几种句型： What’s wrong (with sb./sth.)? What’s the matter (with sb./sth.)? What’s the trouble (with sb./sth.)? What’s up (with sb./sth.)?
4. I’m really tired because I studied until midnight last night. (P. 25)
until表示“直到”和延续性动词连用，意为一个动作一直持续到某个点为止；同短暂性行动连用时，用于“not...until”结构中，表示“直到……才……”。 翻译：The boy waited in the school until his father came to pick him up. ________________________________________
翻译：The workers won’t leave until they get their salary (工资). _________________________________________ 5. Why don’t you go to sleep earlier this evening? (P. 25)
Why don’t you do sth.?意为“你为什么不做某事”，常用来向对方提出意见，相当于Why not do sth.?。
肯定回答用Good idea./Good./All right./Sure.等； 否定回答用No, I don’t think so./Sorry, I can’t.等。 ---Why don’t you go sleeping with us? ---Good idea.
6. Well, I found my sister looking through my things yesterday. (P. 26) (1) find sb. doing sth.表示“发现某人正在做某事”，表示动作正在进行。
翻译：Tom found a man stealing something when he was in the supermarket yesterday. _______________________________________
(2) look through意为“快速查看、浏览”。
翻译：It is a good habit to look through newspapers every day. _______________________________________
【拓展】look的相关短语 look forward to 盼望、期待 look up 查阅 look into 调查 look after 照看
7. Although she’s wrong, it’s not a big deal. (P. 26)
(1) although是连词，意为“虽然、即使”，相当于though，引导让步状语从句。 翻译：Although/Though my grandma is old, she is very healthy. ________________________________________
(2) it’s not a big deal意为“没什么大不了、不是什么大事”。 翻译：Change the time of the meeting. It’s not a big deal. ________________________________________ 8. Hope things work out. (P. 26)
work out此处表示“成功地发展”，后常跟fine, well, badly等词，表示产生的结果如何；此外work out还可以表示“解决、制定出”。 翻译：Everything is working out well.
________________________________________ 翻译：The math problem is difficult for me to work out. ________________________________________ 翻译：I have worked out a new way of doing it.
________________________________________
9. My problem is that I can’t get on with my family. (P. 27)
get on with意为“和睦相处”，后接人作宾语，相当于get along with。 翻译：The new teacher is getting on/along with the students. ________________________________________
【拓展】get on/along with sth.意为“在……方面取得进展” 翻译：How are you getting on with your essay?
________________________________________
10. When they argue, it’s like a big, black cloud hanging over our home. (P. 27) argue用作动词，表示“争吵”，argue with sb.“与某人争吵”；argue about sth.“就某事争论”。
翻译：Mary often argues with her mother about which clothes to wear. _______________________________________ 翻译：They were arguing about the matter again. _______________________________________
11. Also, my elder brother is not very nice to me. (P. 27)
elder用作形容词，意为“年纪较长的”，反义词是younger。 His elder brother is ill.
【拓展】elder和older的区别
elder用来表示兄弟姐妹以及子女之间的长幼关系，常用作定语；older泛指新旧、老幼或者年龄大小的关系，可以用作表语或者定语。
12. He always refuses to let me watch my favorite TV show. (P. 27) refuse表示“拒绝”时，后常接名词或者动词不定式作宾语。
翻译：The girl refused the offer from Oxford University. ________________________________________
翻译：Most of the residents refused to move away from here. ________________________________________
13. Instead he watches whatever he wants until late at night. (P. 27)
(1) instead是副词，用于句尾，在句中作状语；instead of是介词短语，用于句中，后接名词、代词或动名词。
翻译：He will be on duty instead of me tomorrow. _______________________________________
翻译：They didn’t go swimming. They went to play football instead. _______________________________________
(2) whatever表示“无论什么、不管什么”，引导让步状语从句，相当于no matter what。
翻译：Whatever difficulties he may meet, he will overcome them. _______________________________________
14. If you parents are having problems, you should offer to help. (P. 27) ① offer表示“提供”时，作双宾语动词，常用的结构为： offer sb. sth.相当于offer sth. to sb.“为某人提供某物”。 翻译：The restaurant offers free coffee to customers.
=The restaurant offers customers free coffee.
_________________________________________ ② offer to do sth.“主动提出做某事”
翻译：The kind man offered to help the old lady across the road. _______________________________________
15. Secondly, why don’t you sit down and communicate with your brother? (P. 27) (1) secondly用作副词，意为“第二、其次”，常与firstly, thirdly或者lastly/finally 等表示顺序先后的词，表示列举某些事实。
Firstly, they are not efficient, and secondly, they are expensive to make. (2) communicate with sb.表示“与某人交流”
翻译：People can communicate with each other freely on the Internet. _______________________________________
16. You should explain that you don’t mind him watching TV all the time. (P. 27) (1) explain表示“解释”，后常接名词作宾语，explain sth. to sb.意为“向某人解释某事”。
翻译：The teacher explained the answer to the question to his students again and again. ________________________________________
(2) mind的用法：
① mind doing sth. 介意做某事
翻译：Would you mind opening the window please? ________________________________________ ② mind sb’s/sb doing sth. 介意某人做某事
翻译：Do you mind my/me calling you at night? ________________________________________
17. My cousins borrow my things without returning them. (P. 28) return此处用作及物动词，表示“归还”，相当于give back，return sth. to sb.=return sb. sth.。
翻译：I’m going to return this book to the library. ________________________________________ 18. Your best friend does not trust you anymore. (P. 28) not...anymore相当于not...any more意为“不再……”。
not...any more相当于no more，表示“不再”，强调程度或者数量上不再……；not...any longer相当于no longer，表示“不再”，强调时间上不再……。 翻译：I can’t eat any more, because I am full.
=I can no more eat, because I am full.
_________________________________________ 翻译：The village is not what it was ten years ago any longer.
=The village is no longer what it was ten year ago.
________________________________________
【教材内容解析】 Section B
1. My parents give me a lot of pressure about school. (P. 29)
pressure此处用作不可数名词，意为“压力”，under pressure表示“压力之下”。 翻译：I feel I’m not able to do well with the pressure from my job. _______________________________________
2. I have to compete with my classmates at school. (P. 29)
compete with意为“与……竞争/对抗 ”，相当于compete against...。 翻译：It is difficult for a small store to compete with/against a supermarket. _________________________________________ 3. The Taylors are a typical American family. (P. 30)
“the+姓氏的复数”表示一家人，用作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 The Greens live in Los Angeles.
4. Maybe I could cut out a few of their activities, but I believe these activities are important for my children’s future. (P. 30) cut out意为“删除、删去”。
翻译：You had better cut out that sentence.
________________________________________
5. They have a quick dinner, and then it’s time for homework. (P. 30) It’s time for sth.意为“该做某事了”，相当于It’s time to do sth.。 It’s time for lunch.
=It’s time to have lunch. __________________________________________ 6. “In some families, competition starts very young andcontinues until the kids get older,” she days. (P. 30)
continue表示“继续”，后接动词不定式或者动名词作宾语。
人教版新目标英语八年级下册英语unit4重点短语和句子分析
