初中英语语法总结一览表
语法项目 一般现在时 构 成 用 法 象 征 词 规则变化 不规则变化 例 句 He goes to school every day. I often have lunch at home. He wrote a letter yesterday. I studied hard last year. Are you going to read ? He is coming tomorrow . Tom is writing now . They are lying on the bed . 动词用原形 表示经常性的 三人称单数-s / es 动作或状态 Every often always on 天 一般-s –es 辅have----has in月、季、节、年。 音+y---ies /In1998 一般/去e 双go-went come-came 写/辅+y结尾do-did leave-left等 -ied Go come leave stay fly等用进行表将来 动词用过去时 一般过去时 Be—was/ were 一般将来时 ago/just now 表过去某个、段时间内last/yesterday 等 动作及状态 tomorrow / after next / tonight in 2010 be going to+V原 在将来某个时间或 will / shall + V原 某段时要做的事 现在进行时 be+doing have / has +PP 现在完成时 have/has 现在完成进行 been+doing .过去进行时 表此时此刻正进行的listen look now 动作或状态 all the time Don’t… 一般去e 双写 tie die lie – +ing 变ie为y加ing 含糊的频率副分词规则的同不规则的动词的过去I have been teaching for 8 发生在过去影响在现词 already just never ever 过去式是一样分词需逐个记忆 years. 在的动作或状态等 的 He has slept for two days. 一般去e 双写 tie die lie – +ing 变ie为y加ing 规则的分词构需要逐个记忆 成与过去时一详见不规则动词表 样的 He was reading at that time last Friday We had learnt 2000 words by the end of last year. He said that he would come here the next day . was / were +doing 表在过去某时间正在at this time yesterday 多用于复合句中 进行的动作 last Sunday evening had+动过去分词 多用于复合句中 would + V 原形 多用宾语从句中 by the time+过去时 该动作发生在过去的when after before 过去 去完成时 过去将来时 过去看来将要发生的 He said that he… the next day . 动作或状态 than /much/ a little far / in the two 等 比较级形式 后--er 前加more 表示两个人、物 形容副词名词 名词比较用more 之间进行比较时 最高级形式 后-est 前加most 形容副词名词 名词比较用most 一般/去e 双good/well —better She is the tall in the two. 写/辅+y结尾 much/many—more He runs faster than Tom . -ier 一般/去e 双bad/ill/badly-worst 写/辅+y结尾far-farther-farthest -iest She is the most beautiful in her class.(最高级加the) 大于等于三个人、物之in the +比较范围 间进行比较 of the 具体的数字 动词不定式 作主语 作宾语 作宾补 to do没有人称To read is helpful He wants to buy a I hear him sing yesterday 作表语 作状语 作定语 His job is to He’ll go to see a doctor He has much homework
语法项目 构 成 用 法 象 征 词 Tom told me to open it. 规则变化 不规则变化 例 句 to do every day . 和数的变化 for anybody now . dictionary. take care of tomorrow . children . 状语从句 宾语从句 定语从句 句子作状语 (时间地点原因条件让步比句子作宾语(语序、时态、引导词、客观事主从复合句 句子作定语(修饰名词或代词的句子、注意先行词) 较) 实) I saw the man who was stealing my bike yesterday He was writing a letter when I came in。 He asked me if I had been to Beijing before. 主动语态:主语(人、物)+ 谓语 + 宾语 We speak English . 动作执行者 + 及物动词 + 动作承受者 主语 谓语 宾语 被动语态:主语(人、物)+be PP + by宾English is spoken by us 语 动作承受者 + be PP + by动作执行者 宾改主 谓语动词 be PP 主by 宾 在被动语态中没有可以省to 的不定式 主动变被动,先找主、谓、宾,宾改主、主by宾,代词变格要细心,谓语动词be pp,时态随主、数随被 PP 是及物动词的过去分词加ed 或不规则详见表 被动句的时态(be)随主动句的时态(do)人称和数应随被动句的主语(am、is、are、was、were等 ) 主动结构 与 被动结构