辽宁省丹东市2020届高三英语上学期期末考试试题（含解析）
一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共30.0分）
A
Modern people are paying more attention to exercise and many celebrities are leading the trend， while in ancient China there were also many fitness lovers． Lu You： chosho
As a noted productive poet， Lu You from the Song Dynasty wrote more than 20，000 poems in his lifetime． According to historical records， he lived to 85 years old， the longest living poet in the Song Dynasty．
However， Lu You was weak as a child． During his later years， Lu You started the body building called chosho． Chosho was quite popular in ancient times， which was not roaring or whistling， but an elegant， serious and skillful health method． People opened their body， breathed in deep and then breathed out with a long and loud cry in rhyme． Su Dongpo： long run， five kilometers per day
The great Song Dynasty poet Su Dongpo， or Su Shi preferred to take long runs， and he thought that only by moving your body regularly could you have a strong body． He would slow down when he breathed hard， and speed up when his breath balanced． Su Dongpo would run until he was sweaty， hot， blood circulating and limbs feeling refreshed． Huyan Zan： cold bath There was an annual festival in November during the early Tang Dynasty （618-907）called \cold\， where a group of strong men， nearly bare， sang and danced in the street while crowds poured cold water on them． The festival， a sacrifice to god， was thought to be helpful to body building．
During the Song Dynasty， Huyan Zan recovered the tradition by removing the singing and dancing parts and keeping the pouring cold water part， as a way to exercise his kids' physical bodies． 1. What would Lu You do when doing chosho exercise？ ______
A. Scream after opening his body． B. Make a long and loud roar． C. Whistle for a long time．
D. Breathe deep and shout with a rhyme． 2. While Su Dongpo was running， he ______ ．
A. adjusted his running speed according to his breath B. kept running at a high speed all the way C. would run until his body was tired
D. practiced Qigong during the course of running
3. Why did Huyan Zan have his kids do a cold bath？ ______
A. To teach them the hardship of life． B. To honor his general-inherited family． C. To make them have a healthy body． D. To expect them to have a long life． 【答案】 【小题1】D
【小题2】A
【小题3】C
【解析】1． D 细节理解题．根据第三段
\， Lu You was weak as a child． During his later years， Lu You started the body building called chosho． Chosho was quite popular in ancient times，
which was not roaring or whistling， but an elegant， serious and skillful health method． People opened their body， breathed in deep and then breathed out with a long and loud cry in rhyme．然而，陆游幼年体弱，晚年时，陆游开始了名为\的修身运动，chosho在古代相当流行，它不是呼啸，也不是呼啸，而是一种优雅、严肃、娴熟的养生方法，人们打开身体，深呼吸，然后呼啸而出押韵的．\可知做运动时深呼吸，用押韵喊．故选D． 2． A 细节理解题．根据第无端
\would slow down when he breathed hard， and speed up when his breath balanced． Su Dongpo would run until he was sweaty， hot， blood circulating and limbs feeling refreshed．他呼吸困难时会减速，呼吸平衡时会加速，苏东坡会一直跑，直到浑身出汗，浑身发热，血液循环，四肢神清气爽．\可知当苏东坡跑的时候，他根据呼吸调整跑步速度．故选A． 3． C 细节理解题．根据最后一段
\the Song Dynasty， Huyan Zan recovered the tradition by removing the singing and dancing parts and keeping the pouring cold water part， as a way to exercise his kids' physical bodies．宋朝时期，胡彦赞通过去掉歌舞部分，保留泼冷水部分，恢复了传统，以此锻炼孩子的身体．\可知胡彦赞让他的孩子洗冷水澡使他们有一个健康的身体．故选C． 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了几个名人健身的方法． 考查学生的推理判断能力和联系上下文的的能力，在做推理判断题不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实，要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断．此类的填空题一定要联系上下文，根据上下文的内容加上自己的理解，再作出正确的判断
B
Growing up in England with a British father and a Chinese mother， I've enjoyed food from both countries ever since I was able to hold a knife and fork and chopsticks!
Mum has sweet memories of the food from her home town in Sichuan， and often cooks spicy dishes．Thanks to this， Dad has come to love hot pot! But there are still some dishes that Dad dare not try even after many years of marriage to my mother． Even today he still does not take to eating things like chicken feet．
But I enjoy that sort of food myself． Last week， I went to the butcher's and asked， \have pigs' ears？\\，\the butcher said， pulling at his own ears， \these ordinary ones．\He must have thought I was joking．
Dad can cook a super \English breakfast\of bacon， eggs， beans， sausages and toast with butter． Mum and I just have to find a way to get him into the kitchen! He also does a typical Sunday roast．We all love roast beef and vegetables． I'll never forget my first visit to China． Mum encouraged me to try different kinds of food． But just when I thought I could deal with all Chinese food， I came across stinky tofu， a horrible grey thing that looked and smelt like a burnt sports shoe． I gathered all my courage to take a bite and was amazed to find it wasn't so bad． It reminded me of blue cheese， a similarly strong smelling type of food you either love or hate． Maybe I'll fall in love with stinky tofu， someday． People say that one man's meat is another man's poison， but I feel at home with food from both my cultures．
4. What can we learn from this passage？ ______
A. I have enjoyed the food from two cultures since a little child． B. Because of my Mum， Dad loves all kinds of Chinese food． C. We all like roast beef and vegetables except Mum． D. I have fallen in love with the stinky tofu now．
5. What kind of person did the butcher probably think the author was？ ______
A. Generous． B. Mean． C. Humorous． D. Serious．
6. What does the underlined part in paragraph 2 probably mean？ ______
A. Resist． B. Like． C. Allow． D. Mind． 7. What's the passage mainly about？ ______
A. Comparing two different cultures． B. Trying some different foods．
C. Different eating habits in China and Britain． D. The eating experiences of a mixed-race family． 【答案】 【小题1】A
【小题2】C
【小题3】B
【小题4】D
【解析】ACBD
1． A．细节理解题．根据第一段 I've enjoyed food from both countries ever since I was able to hold a knife and fork and chopsticks可知，我从小就喜欢两个国家的美食；故选A． 2． C．推理判断题．根据第三段pulling at his own ears， \these ordinary ones．\He must have thought I was joking．可知，他拽了拽自己的耳朵，说是就这些肉食，他一定是以为我是在开玩笑，由此可推知，屠户或许以为我是幽默的；故选C．
3． B．词义猜测题．根据第二段Thanks to this， Dad has come to love hot pot!可知，爸爸妈妈结婚后爸爸也是逐渐喜欢上了辣的食物，But there are still some dishes that Dad dare not try even after many years of marriage to my mother但是有一些食物是爸爸从来不敢尝试的；结合后面的Even today he still可推知，take to意为like，即他依然不敢吃鸡腿；故选B．
4． D．主旨大意题．本文属于日常生活类的短文阅读．主要介绍了我作为一个中英混血儿，经历着两种不同的文化，在饮食上也是妙趣横生．由此可知The eating experiences of a mixed-race family（混血家庭中的饮食经历）作为文章的标题最贴切；故选D．
本文属于日常生活类的短文阅读．主要介绍了我作为一个中英混血儿，经历着两种不同的文化，在饮食上也是妙趣横生．
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案．推理判断题也是要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据
C
The development of a V-shaped fuel-efficient airplane design known as the Flying-V will be funded by Dutch national carrier KLM Royal Dutch Airlines． To improve the sustainability （持续性） of air travel， the Flying-V was developed by researchers at Delft University of Technology in the Netherlands， also known as TU Delft．
Its futuristic design puts the passenger cabin into the wings． It's said the plane will use 20% less fuel than the Airbus A350-9-while carrying a similar number of passengers．
\recent years， KLM has developed as a pioneer in sustainability within its airline industry，\， CEO and president of KLM． \of our progressive relationship with TU Delft\．
\? emissions （排放物）， and the industry is still growing， so we really need to look at more sustainable airplanes，\said TU Delft project leader Roelof Vos．
\， as electrified airplanes become way too heavy and you can't fly people across the Atlantic on electric airplanes- not now， not in 30 years，\． \we have to come up with new technologies that reduce fuel burning in a different way．\\， but it seems like they are reaching the limit in terms of energy efficiency，\．\
lift of the airplane， and creates less air drag．\
The plane's increased fuel efficiency is largely a result of its design， Vos explained． The researchers hope to fly a model this September， Vos said， while the new cabin design will be open to the public at Amsterdam Airport Schiphol in October． The completed plane is expected to enter service between 2040 and 2050．
8. What can we infer from the text？ ______
A. Flying-V was developed by KLM Royal Dutch Airlines． B. Researchers at TU Delft have raised enough money． C. 20% of the passengers will sit in Flying-V's wings． D. KLM plays an important role in sustainability． 9. Why sustainable planes are needed？ ______
A. To save electricity．
B. To reduce global CO? emissions．
C. To make air travel more affordable． D. To develop air industry．
10. How does the Flying-V save energy？ ______
A. It's the V-shaped design that makes a big difference．
B. The idea of electrified airplanes is applied to its development． C. It depends on a kind of more efficient fuel．
D. Its futuristic design leads to a limited number of passengers． 11. What's the purpose of the text？ ______
A. To instruct us the importance of environment protection． B. To inspire us to explore the unknown area of technology． C. To inform us of the fuel-efficient Flying-V． D. To appeal to us to raise fund for technology． 【答案】 【小题1】D
【小题2】B
【小题3】A
【小题4】C
【解析】1．D．细节理解题．根据第四段In recent years， KLM has developed as a pioneer in sustainability within its airline industry，近年来，荷航已发展成为航空业可持续发展的先驱．可知，荷航在可持续发展方面发挥着重要作用．故选D．
2．B．细节理解题．根据第五段Air travel is contributing about 2.5% of global CO? emissions （排放物）， and the industry is still growing， so we really need to look at more sustainable airplanes航空旅行占全球二氧化碳排放量的2.5%，而且该行业仍在增长，因此我们确实需要研究更具可持续性的飞机．可知，需要可持续的飞机是为了减少全球CO2排放量．故选B．
3．A．细节理解题．根据倒数第二段The plane's increased fuel efficiency is largely a result of its design， Vos explained．沃斯解释说，飞机提高燃油效率的主要原因是其设计．可知，Flying-V节省能源是通过V型设计．故选A．
4．C．主旨大意题．阅读全文，根据文章内容可知，本文主要讲述了由荷兰国家航空公司荷航荷航荷兰皇家航空资助的V型省油飞机的设计被称为\．故选C．
本文主要讲述了由荷兰国家航空公司荷航荷航荷兰皇家航空资助的V型省油飞机的设计被称为\Flying-V\．
考察学生的细节理解和推理判断能力，做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句，和题干进行比较，再做出正确的选择．在做推理判断题不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实，要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断．
D
Scientists think they have the answer to a puzzle that confused even Charles Darwin： How flowers evolved and spread to become the most important plants on earth．
Flowering plants， or angiosperms （被子植物）， make up about 90% of all living plant species，but how they did this has been a mystery． New research suggests it is due to genome （基因组） size．
Hundreds of millions of years ago，the earth was dominated by ferns （蕨类）and conifers（针叶树） - they were the main plants on the earth． Then， about 150 million years ago， the first flowering plants appeared on earth． They quickly spread to all parts of the world． Why angiosperms were successful and diverse on earth has been debated for centuries．Charles Darwin himself called it a \， fearing this apparent sudden change might challenge his theory of evolution． Kevin Simonin from San Francisco State University in California US and other researchers analyzed data held by the Royal Botanic Gardens， Kew， on the genome size of hundreds of plants， including flowering plants， gymnosperms （a group of plants including conifers） and ferns． They then compared genome size with anatomical （结构上的） features． This provides \evidence\that the success and rapid spread of flowering plants around the world is due to \downsizing\． By reducing the size of the genome， which is contained within the nucleus （核） of the cell， plants can build smaller cells． The researchers say genome-downsizing happened only in the angiosperms， and this was \． 12. What do we know about angiosperms？ ______
A. They are superior in number among all living plant species． B. They controlled the earth for hundreds of millions of years． C. They challenge Charles Darwin's theory． D. They are extinct plants in the world． 13. It can be implied that ______ ．
A. Simonin works in the Royal Botanic Gardens Kew B. Simonin is probably an American biologist
C. Darwin was confident of his theory of evolution
D. Darwin succeeded in figuring out the flower evolution
14. What contributed to the success and diversity of angiosperms？ ______
A. The weaker ferns and conifer． B. The larger nucleus． C. The stronger cell． D. The smaller genome．
15. What can be a suitable title of this passage？ ______
A. Why were gymnosperms successful on earth？ B. What puzzle confused even Charles Darwin？ C. Why angiosperms dominated the earth？
D. When angiosperms outnumbered conifers and Ferns？ 【答案】 【小题1】A
【小题2】B
【小题3】D
【小题4】C
【解析】1． A．细节理解题．根据第二段的 Flowering plants， or angiosperms （被子植物）， make up about 90% of all living plant species开花植物，或被子植物，约占所有现存植物种类的90%，可知，在所有现存的植物物种中，被子植物的数量都很高．故选A．
2．B．推理判断题．根据第五段的Kevin Simonin from San Francisco State University in California， US and other researchers wondered if the size of the plant's genetic material-or genome-might
辽宁省丹东市2020届高三英语上学期期末考试试题含解析
