1. We see Cloud Computing as a computing model, not a technology. In this model “customers” plug into the “cloud” to access IT resources which are priced and provided “on-demand”. Essentially, IT resources are rented and shared among multiple tenants much as office space, apartments, or storage spaces are used by tenants. Delivered over an Internet connection, the “cloud” replaces the company data center or server providing the same service. Thus, Cloud Computing is simply IT services sold and delivered over the Internet. Refer to section of Types of Cloud Computing.
译文：我们看到，云计算作为一种计算模式，而不是技术。在这个模型中的“客户”插入到“云”访问IT资源定价，并提供“按需”。从本质上讲，IT资源租用及使用多个租户之间共享办公空间，公寓，或存储空间高达租户。 “云”交付了一个互联网连接，取代该公司的数据中心或服务器提供相同的服务。因此，云计算是简单的在互联网上出售及交付的IT服务。参考部分云计算的类型。
2. PaaS（platform as a Service)
Delivers virtualized servers on which customers can run existing applications or develop new ones without having to worry about maintaining the operating systems, server hardware, load balancing or computing capacity. These vendors provide APIs or development platforms to create and run applications in the cloud – e.g. using the Internet. Managed Service providers with application services provided to IT departments to monitor systems and downstream applications such as virus scanning for e-mail are frequently included in this category.
译文：提供虚拟化服务器上，客户可以运行现有应用程序或者开发新的，无需担心维护操作系统，服务器硬件，负载均衡或计算能力。这些供应商提供API或开发平台来创建和运行在云中的应用程序 - 例如使用互联网。托管服务提供商与应用服务提供给IT部门经常被包括在这一类的监视系统和下游应用，如电子邮件病毒扫描.
3、Being subject oriented means that the data will provide information about a specific subject rather than the information about the functions of a company. Because a data warehouse is subject oriented, it will allow you to analyze information that is connected to a specific subject. Being integrated means that the data that is collected within the data warehouse can come from different sources, but can be combined into one unit that is relevant and logical. Having a time-variant means that all the information within the data warehouse can be found with a given period of time.
译文：作为面向主题意味着数据将提供有关特定主题的，而不是关于一个公司的功能信息。由于数据仓库是面向主题的，它可以让你分析连接到一个特定主题的信息。即整合意味着在数据仓库中收集到的数据可以来自不同的来源，但也可以合并成一个单元，其相关的和合乎逻辑的。具有随时间变化的装置，该数据仓库内的所有的信息可以与一个特定的时间期间内被发现。
4、It is important that the information contained within a data warehouse is stable. While data can be added, it should never be deleted. This property is referred to as being non-volatile. When a company uses a data warehouse that is stable, this will
allow them to get a better understanding of the operations within their company. Despite the fact that these terms were first coined in the 1990s, they are still highly accurate today. However, it should be noted that some data warehouses are volatile. The reason for this is because many modern data warehouses deal with terabytes of data. Because they must store terabytes of data, many companies are forced to delete some of their information after a certain period of time. For instance, some companies will systematically delete data that has reached three years of age. Before a data warehouse can be built, the correct data must be located. Generally, the information that will be added to the warehouse will come from daily information or historical information. The historical information may be stored in a legacy system, and is challenging to extract.
译文：重要的是，包含在一个数据仓库中的信息是稳定的。虽然数据可以被添加，它不应该被删除。此属性称为是非易失性的。当一个公司使用了数据仓库是稳定的，这将使他们能够得到他们的公司内部更好地理解操作。尽管这些条款是在上世纪90年代第一次创造，他们仍然是高度精确的今天。然而，应该指出的是，一些数据仓库是挥发性的。这样做的原因是因为许多现代数据仓库处理TB级的数据。因为他们必须存储数TB的数据，很多企业都被迫在一段时间后删除一些自己的信息。例如，一些公司将系统地删除已达到三岁的数据。之前可以建一个数据仓库中，正确的数据必须位于。通常，将要加入到仓库中的信息将来自每日信息或历史信息。历史信息可以被存储在一个传统的系统中，并且是具有挑战性的提取。
5、The copyright system grew up with printing---a technology for mass production copying. Copyright fit in well with this technology because it restricted only the
mass producers of copies. It did not take freedom away from readers of books. An ordinary reader, who did not own a printing press, could copy books only with pen and ink, and few readers were sued for that.
译文：版权制度一起长大---印刷技术大量生产复制。版权所有来搭配这个技术，因为它限制复制的只有大众生产。它没有采取自由远离书籍的读者。一个普通的读者，谁没有自己的印刷机，只能用钢笔和墨水复印书本，和一些读者被起诉的。
6、Digital technology is more flexible than the printing press: when information has digital form, you can easily copy it to share it with others. This very flexibility makes a bad fit with a system like copyright. That's the reason for the increasingly nasty and draconian measures now used to enforce software copyright. Consider these four practices of the Software Publishers Association (SPA):
译文：数字技术是比印刷机更灵活：当信息具有数字形式，你可以轻松地将它复制到与他人分享。这种非常灵活，使一件不适合与像的版权制度。这就是现在用来执行软件著作权日益肮脏和严厉的措施的原因。考虑软件出版商协会（SPA）这四个做法：
7、All four practices resemble those used in the former Soviet Union, where every copying machine had a guard to prevent forbidden copying, and where individuals had to copy information secretly and pass it from hand to hand as ``samizdat''. There is of course a difference: the motive for information control in the Soviet Union was political; in the US the motive is profit. But it is the actions that affect us, not the motive. Any attempt to block the sharing of information, no matter why,
leads to the same methods and the same harshness.
译文：所有四种做法类似那些在前苏联，在那里每一个复印机有一个警卫，防止禁止复制使用，使个人不得不偷偷复制信息，并从手工把它传递给手的``地下出版物''。有当然是有区别的：在动机在苏联控制信息是政治，美国的动机是利润。但它是影响我们的行为，而不是动机。任何企图阻止信息的共享，无论什么原因，导致了相同的方法和相同的生硬。
8.Currently, there are a number of ways that data is transferred from device to device. CDMA (code division multiple access) is one popular technology, and TDMA (time division multiple access) is a second. CDMA transfers a number of different data packets on one channel, using codes to distinguish between different receivers. TDMA, on the other hand, again uses one channel but allots each different data packet a time slot.
译文：目前，有许多的数据是从设备传送到设备的方法。 CDMA（码分多址）是一种流行的技术，和TDMA（时分多址）是一秒钟。 CDMA传输多个不同的数据分组的一个通道上，用不同的代码接收器之间进行区分。 TDMA，另一方面，再次使用一个信道，但下发的每个不同的数据分组的时隙。
9.OFDM differs from these technologies significantly; the channel itself is divided into narrow bands, and data packets are sent through each band individually. This method proves to be much more efficient than the previously used technologies, hence it is considered to be an integral part of the 4G revolution.Read more
西安邮电大学-专业英语重点
