2019-2020年高考英语语法精讲精练专题十四特殊句式
一．强调句的基本形式 1、强调句的陈述句形式：
It is/ was +被强调部分+ that/ who+其它部分。
注意：被强调部分通常是主语、宾语或状语；强调主语且指人的时候可以用who，其他一律用that。例如： He met an old friend in the park yesterday. 主语 谓语 宾语 地点状语 时间状语 对句中各部分进行强调： （1）强调主语 ：
It was he who/that met an old friend in the park yesterday. （2）强调宾语 ：
It was an old friend that he met in the park yesterday. （3）强调地点状语 ：
It was in the park that he met an old friend yesterday. （4）强调时间状语 ：
It was yesterday that he met an old friend in the park. 2、强调句的一般疑问句形式：
Is / was it＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他部分？
①Was it he who/that met an old friend in the park yesterday? ②Was it an old friend that he met in the park yesterday? ③Was it in the park that he met an old friend yesterday? ④Was it yesterday that he met an old friend in the park? 3、强调句的特殊疑问句形式：
特殊疑问词+ is/ was + it + that + 其它部分？ ①What is it that you want me to do? ②Who was it that broke the window?
③Where was it that you put your English book?
④When was it that he made up his mind to take this course? ⑤Why is it that he doesn't like the book? ⑥How was it that he got hurt? 注意：
（1）强调主语时，谓语动词和主语在人称和数上要保持一致。 ①It is he who/that often does good deeds. ②It is I who/that am looking for you.
（2）构成强调句的it本身没有词义；强调句中的连接词只用that或who，即使在强调时间状语和地点状语时也如此，that或who不可省略；强调句中的时态只用两种，一般现在时和一般过去时。原句谓语动词是与过去相关的时态，如一般过去时、过去完成时和过去进行时等，用It was … ，与现在或将来相关的时态用It is … 。 （3）若强调句的疑问句形式放在宾语从句的位置，则需要用陈述句的形式。例如： ①Do you know who it is that will teach us English？ ②I really don't know when it was that he went to bed. 二．not … until … 句型的强调句
句型为：It is/ was not until + 被强调部分 + that + 其它部分。 普通句：He didn’t go to bed until his wife came back.
强调句：It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed.
注意：此句型只用until，不用till；因为句型中It is/ was not … 已经是否定句了，that后面的从句要用肯
定句，切勿再用否定句了。 三．谓语动词的强调
1、It is/ was … that … 结构不能强调谓语，如需要强调谓语，用助动词do/ does或did。例如： ①Do be careful when you cross the street. ②She does love you.
③He did write to you last week.
2、注意：此种强调只用do/ does和did ，第三人称单数用does，过去时用did ，后面的谓语动词用原形。 强调句的验证方法：先看句子里有没有It、be动词和that，如果有，去掉It is / was…that 结构，看原句是否为一个完整的句子，如果是，则为强调句，否则就不是强调句。
Ⅱ.倒装句
倒装是一种语法手段，用于表示一定的句子结构或强调某一句子成分。倒装句有两种：完全倒装(full inversion)和部分倒装(partial inversion) 一、部分倒装
部分倒装可以用于多种时态，常见的情况有：
1. 句首状语为否定词(短语)或半否定词的句子要用部分倒装。这类词或短语主要有never, neither, nor,
not,little,few,nowhere,seldom, rarely, hardly, scarcely, no sooner, in no way, by no means ,at no time，in no case ,under no circumstance等。例如： ①Never will I give in.
②Not a word did I say to him. ③I can't swim. Neither can he.
④Little does he care about what I said.
⑤Nowhere will you find the answer to this question. ⑥No sooner had he gone to bed than he fell asleep.
⑦Hardly had he arrived at the station when the train left. ⑧By no means will she marry you.
注意：Neither…nor…所引导的并列句，前后分句均用部分倒装。例如：Neither do I know her name，nor does Tom.
2. \状语（副词、介词短语、从句等）\放在句首,句子要部分倒装。例如： ①Only then did I realize the importance of English. ②Only by this means is it possible to explain it.
③Only when the war was over in 1918 was he able to get happily back to work.
注意：“only+主语”位于句首时不倒装。例如： ①But only love can say，try again or walk away. ②Only you can help me.
3.so或so引导的短语放在句首作状语,要部分倒装。例如： ①I saw the film, so did Mary.
②So angry was he that he could hardly speak.
③So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch.
④So loudly did he speak that people in the next room could hear him. ⑤So fast did he run that I could hardly keep up with him.
4. \分句,but also + 分句\句型中的前一分句要部分倒装。例如： ①Not only does John love Chinese, he is also good at speaking it. ②Not only did he e，but also he was very happy．
③Not only was everything that he had taken away from him ,but also his German citizenship（was taken away）．
注意：not only...but also...连接主语时,不倒装。例如： Not only the mother but also the children are sick.
5. Not until放在句首要用部分倒装；若是复句，从句不倒装,主句倒装。例如：
①Not until last week did they find the lost bike.
②Not until my son had entered the university did he realize the importance of learning English. 6.在以often, many a time, now and again 等方式或频率副词(短语)开头的句子中,要用部分倒装结构。例如： ①Often have we made that test.
②Many a time has John given me good advice. ③Now and again did she e to see me.
7.虚拟语气的条件从句中，省略了if后，were, had, should等放在条件句主语前，够成倒装。例如： ①Were I you, I would try it again. =If I were you，I would try it again.
②Should it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off visiting Beijing. =If it should rain tomorrow，we would have to put off visiting Beijing. ③Had you worked hard at college, you would have got a better job. =If you had worked hard at college,you would have got a better job.
8.由as, though, however构成的让步状语从句，从句要倒装，此种倒装结构比较特殊，一般为：
形容词（副词或名词等）+as/though+主语+谓语; however +形容词（副词)+主语+谓语。例如：
①Child as he is,he knows so much about history. ②Tired as he is, he won't stop to have a rest.
③Try as they might, they weren't able to overtake the leaders. ④Try as we might, we will never surpass their achievements. ⑤However late it is , mother will wait for him to have dinner.
⑥However hard they tried, they weren't able to overtake the leaders. ⑦However hard we try, we will never surpass their achievements. 二、完全倒装
完全倒装通常用于一般现在时和一般过去时。常见结构有： 1. There be结构。另外,在此结构中可以用来代替be动词的动词有:exist, seem, happen, appear, live, rise, stand等。例如：
①There is a pretty girl in the next room. ②There stood a dog before him.
③There exist different opinions on this question.
2.在以here、there、now、then等副词开头的句子里，要用全部倒装。即用“Here, There, Now, Then + e (或be,go,lie,run) + 主语\结构。例如： ①Here es the girl! ②There goes the bell.
③Then came the hour we had been looking forward to. ④Now es your turn.
注意：如果主语是人称代词,就不用倒装。例如： ①Here you are. ②There she es.
3. 表示方向的副词out, in, up, down等置于句首,要用全部倒装。例如： ①In came Mr. White.
②Up went the arrow into the air. ③Out rushed the children. ④Away went the boy.
注意：如果主语是人称代词,就不用倒装。例如： ①Away he went. ②Out they rushed.
4.当表示地点的介词词组(如on the wall, under the tree, in front of the house, in the middle of the room等)在句首时,要用全部倒装。例如：
①At the foot of the hill lies a beautiful lake.
②He ran to the building, on the top of which flew a flag. ③East of the lake lie two towns.
④Under the tree was lying a wounded soldier. 5. 分词(代词) + be + 主语\结构。例如：
①Walking at the head of the line was our teacher.
②Buried in the deep sea are all kinds of sea animal bodies. ③Such was the story he told me.
高考英语短文改错及语法填空分析与训练·特殊句式
考点规律分析：短文改错及语法填空对特殊句式的考查主要涉及强调句型尤其是that的使用、倒装句尤其是助动词的选择以及助动词后面接动词原形、省略句等。
特殊句式单句语法填空真题训练：
1.(xx·全国Ⅰ,阅读B)When her daughter and son asked her to move to San Antonio to help their children, she politely refused . Only after a year of friendly discussion _______Ms Gaf finally say yes.
2.(xx·全国Ⅲ，阅读D)________(positive)an article, the more likely it was to be shared, as Dr.Berger explains in his new book. 3.(xx·江苏，34)Not until recently they encourage the development of tourists-related activities in the rural areas. 4.(xx·天津，13)You are waiting at a wrong place.It is at the hotel the coach picks up tourists. 5.(xx·北京，阅读B)“It’s the ocean ________ makes Rockaway so special.” she says.
6.(xx· 北京，完形)If that happened, Seppala might fall into the icy water below.He would die, and so ________the sick children of Nome.
7.(xx·四川，阅读D)The more fat you take in before bedtime, the ________(great) burden you will put on your body at night.
8.(xx·天津，3)Only when Lily walked into the office _______she realize that she had left the contract at home.
9.(xx·湖南，23)Only after talking to two students did I_________ that having strong motivation is one of the biggest factors in reaching goals.(discover)
10.(xx·湖南，21)It was when we were returning home _____________I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble.
11.(xx·湖南，24)Video games can be a poor influence if ________(leave)in the wrong hands.
学习札记：
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________语法专题十四：特殊句式
特殊句式单句语法填空真题训练：
1．did [考查only＋状语置于句首，句子用部分倒装，所以此处用助动词did。] 2．The more positive [考查the more...the more...结构，越……就越……。]
3．did [考查倒装句。句意为：直到最近他们才鼓励农村地区发展与旅游相关的活动。根据句首的Not until recently可知，本句要用部分倒装形式， encourage表示的动作已经发生，故用一般过去时。]
4．that [考查强调句型的判定。句意为：你等错地方了。长途公共汽车是在旅馆接的游客。从理解思路上先看本句是不是强调句型：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋剩余部分。强调句的判断方法是将It is/was与that/who去掉后，句子意思依然清楚，结构依然完整。经判断，“The coach picks up tourists at the hotel.”句子成分完整，句意明确，故本句是强调句。因强调的内容是地点，故空格处应填that。] 5．that [考查强调句型。]
6．would [考查so的倒装结构，前面用了would, 后面也用would。] 7．greater [考查the more...the more...结构。] 8．did
9．discover 10.that 11.left
2019-2020年高考英语语法精讲精练专题四介词
介词又叫前置词，是一种虚词。它是高考必考点之一。《xx年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲》附录语法项目表中对介词考查列了一项：介词和介词短语。 介词在句子中不能单独使用，只能与名词、代词等构成介词短语，在句中作状语、后置定语、表语和补语等。
xx年高考全国卷Ⅰ第66题（语法填空）考查了介词短语by car乘汽车；第74题（短文改错）考查了介词短 语with the development of随着......的发展。
xx年高考全国卷Ⅰ第64题（语法填空）考查了介词短语go back to回到；第78题（短文改错）考查了介词 短语dream of梦想。
xx年高考全国卷Ⅰ第61题（语法填空）考查了介词as表示“作为”；第68题（语法填空）考查了介词by后面接v-ing；第80题考查了介词短语in the middle of里的介词of。 I.介词分类：
1 简单介词 about，across，after，against，among，around，at，below，beyond， during，in，on，over inside，outside，into，onto，out of， throughout， upon，within， without，nearby according to，dream of ，because of， instead of，up to，due to，owing to， thanks to from among， from behind， from under， till after， in between，except for considering， including，concerning 2 合成介词 3 短语介词 4 双重介词 5 分词转化成的介词 形容词转化成的介词 6 like，unlike，near，next，opposite
II. 常用介词区别： 1 表示时间的in, on, at 2 表示时间的since, from at表示片刻的时间，in表示一段的时间，on总是与日子有关 since 指从过去到现在的一段时间，和完成时连用，from指从时间的某一点开始 in指在一段时间之后，after表示某一具体时间点之后或用在过去时的一段时间中 3 表示时间的in, after 4 表示地理位置的in, on, in表示在某范围内，on指与什么毗邻，to指在某环境范围之外 to 5 表示“在…上”的on, in on只表示在某物的表面上，in表示占去某物一部分 6 表示“穿过”的through, through表示从内部通过，与in有关，across表示在表面上通过，与on
2019-2020年高考英语语法精讲精练专题十四特殊句式
