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1.Captain John Smith became the first American writer.
2.The puritans looked upon themselves as a chosen people.
3.Poor Richard’s Almanac is an annual collection of proverbs written by Benjamin Franklin.
4.Thomas Paine’s famous pamphlet Common Sense boldly advocated a “Declaration for Independence”.
5.Thomas Jefferson drafted the Declaration of Independence with John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Roger Sherman, and Robert Livingston.
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6.Philip Freneau has been called the “Father of American Poetry”.
7.In Washington Irving’s Sketch Book appeared the first modern short stories and the first great American juvenile literature.
8.Cooper’s enduring fame rests on his frontier stories, especially the five novels that comprise the Leatherstocking tales.
9.“To a Waterfowl” is perhaps the peak of William Cullen Bryant’s wok.
Edgar Allan Poe is considered “father of American detective stories and American gothic stories”.
10. Emerson believed above all in
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individualism, independence of mind, and self-reliance.
11. Hawthorne’s stories touch the deepest roots of man’s moral nature.
12. Moby Dick is a tremendous chronicle of a whaling voyage in pursuit of a seemingly supernatural white whale.
13. After his death, Longfellow became the only American to be honored with a bust in the Poet’s Corner of Westminster Abbey.
14. Harriet Beecher Stowe, the author of Uncle Tom’s Cabin, had become an American institution and the most famous literary woman in the world.
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15. The naturalists emphasized that the world was amoral, that men and women had no free will, that their lives were controlled by heredity and the environment.
16. The poetic style Walt Whitman devised is now called free verse.
Henry James is famous for his international theme of the traditionless American confronting the complexity of European life.
17. Writers of the first postwar era self-consciously acknowledged that they were a “Lost Generation,” devoid of faith and alienated from a civilization.
18. With the publication of The Sun Also Rises, Hemingway became the
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spokesman for what Gertrude Stein had called “a lost generation.”
Terms
1.Transcendentalism
Transcendentalism refers to the religious and philosophical doctrines of Ralph Waldo Emerson and others in New England in the middle 1800’s, which emphasized the importance of individual inspiration and intuition, the Oversoul, and Nature. New England Transcendentalism is the product of a combination of native American Puritanism and European Romanticism.
2.Naturalism
Naturalism, a more deliberate kind of realism, usually involves a view of human beings as passive victims of natural forces
美国文学史及其选读期末复习资料题
