华东理工大学有机化学课后答案.

部分习题参考答案

2-1 (5) 顺-1,2-二溴环己烷 (6) 1,7,7-三甲基二环[2.2.1]庚烷 (7) 5-甲基螺[3.4]辛烷

(8)(9)(10)CH3CH3H3CCCCH3CH3CH3(11)(CH3)2CHCH2CH2CH3

2-4 (3)>(2)>(5)>(1)>(4)

2-6 (1) 正丙基(n-Pr-) (2) 异丙基(i-Pr-) (3) 异丁基(i-Bu-)

(4) 叔丁基(t-Bu-) (5)甲基(Me-) (6) 乙基(Et-) 2-7 (3) CH3CH2CH(CH3) 2 (4) (CH3)4C

2-8 (3)、(6)等同；(2)、(5)构造异构；(1)、(4) 构象异构

CH32-9 (1) 用Br2。因氢原子活性有差异，溴原子活性适中，反应选择性强，主要得到

Br。

(2) 用Cl2。只有一种氢，氯原子反应活性高。 2-10 CH3CH2·的稳定性大于CH3·，易于生成。

2-11 2,3-二甲基丁烷有四个典型构象式，2,2,3,3-四甲基丁烷有二个；前者最稳定的构象式

H3CHCH3HCH3CH3为。

HCH3CH(CH3)2( 顺 ) > CH(CH3)2( 反 )H2-13(2)H3C

CH3CH3H3CClC2H5CH32-15(1)CH(CH3)2CH(CH3)2

2-16 (4)>(2)>(3)>(1)

4-4

(7)CH3HCH3C2H5OHOHHOHOC2H5CH3HCH3

(8)O(CH3)2CHCOH3COCHCH3(CH3)2CHCCH3OOCHCH3

Br(9)CH2BrBr

(10)BrOCH3

(11)CH3H2C—CnCOOCH3

4-5（1）

乙烯基CH3CH2CH2CHCH2烯丙基CH3CH2CHCHCH3丙烯基

有顺反异构

CH3CHCCH3CH3CH3CH2—CCH3CH2异丙烯基CH2CHCH(CH3)2乙烯基

(2) 2，3-二甲基-2-丁烯>2-甲基-2-戊烯>反-3-己烯>顺-3-己烯>1-己烯 (3) 2-甲基-1-丙烯 快 （形成叔碳正离子）

快 （形成叔碳正离子）

4-6（1） 亲电加成反应，中间体为碳正离子，有重排

(CH3)2CHCHCH2H(CH3)2CHCH CH3Br(CH3)2CHCHCH3Br 重排CH3 C CH2CH3CH3Br(CH3)2CCH2CH3Br

(2) 甲醇与碳正离子结合；直接失去质子而形成醚

CH2 CH2 CH+3OHBrCH2 CH2BrOCH3H－HCH2 CH2BrOCH3

( 3 )Br－HBrBrHHCH3HBr+HBrBr

CH3BrHCH3Br+CH3－H+Br+

CF3CHCH3(4)CF3CHCH2HCF3CH2CH2(稳定）CH3OCH2CH2CH3OCHCH2HClCF3CH2CH2ClCH3OCHCH3 (稳定）ClCH3OCHClCH3

(5)H重排ClCl

4-7 (1) CH3CH3CCCH2CH2CH3HCCCH3H

CH3CH3CH3HCCCH2CH2CH3HCCCH3CH3

CCCH2CH2CH3HCCCH3CH3

HCCH3(2)CCH2CH2CH3或CCCH3CH3H

(3)

(4)

5-9

（1）Br2/CCl4;Ag(NH3)2NO3， （2）顺丁稀二酸酐; Ag(NH3)2NO3， 5-11

H3CHHCH3CCH3或H3CHCCH3ACHHCH3HHHHHH3CH3CHCCC或CCCCCCHHCHCH3CH3HCH3H3HBDCH3CH2CH2CHCH2CH2CH3CH3H3CHHCH3CCCCHCHHCH3

5-12

ACH3CHCCHCH3BCH3CHCCCH2CH2CH3CH3CCH3CH2CH2COOHDCH3CHCOOHCH3EOCH3CHCCH3CH3

6-1 (a) C3H7NO (b) C2H3OCl 6-3

bCH3CH=CHCH2aCH2CH3m/z=84a－CH2CH3CH3CHCHCH2m/z=55b－ CH2CH2CH 3CH3CHCH重排CH2CH2CHm/z=41

6-4 共轭，ε（a）>ε(b)

6-5 (a)227nm, (b)237nm, (c)227nm, (d)232nm 6-6 (1) (a)>(b)

(2) (b)>(a) (3) (a)>(b)

6-8 3000~3100cm-1 C=C－H v, m 2850~2950 cm-1 CH3,CH2 v, s 1620~1680 cm-1 C=C v, m 1430 cm-1 CH3 δ 910~1000 cm-1 －C=C－H δ 6-9 偶合常数不同，反式偶合常数较大 7-9

7-10