. . 《汽车实用英语》教学辅导
第一部分 教学辅导说明
《汽车实用英语》是中央广播电视大学人才培养模式改革和开放教育试点汽车专业（维修方向）(开放专科)的选修课。本课程的任务是结合汽车专业的实际需求，较系统的学习专业外语知识。要求同学们以教材为主，形成性考核作业册为辅，结合实训、录像教材、直播课堂、网上资源等，全面、系统、多层次地学习文字教材。抓住重点，做到理解、领会，勿死记硬背，争取做到举一反三；注意各部分容的融会贯通，注意归纳总结，全书共分为三十课的容，要求同学们每学完一课的容，自己亲自动手认真进行本节小结，学会运用所学知识进行一般现象分析；重视形成性考核作业册和文字教材中复习思考题，做好自我检查，及时复习、巩固所学知识。
第二部分 各章主要容 第1课 History of Automobile
本课主要介绍了汽车的发展史。具体要求如下： 一、重点掌握
1 词汇：
automobile, vehicle, auto, motor vehicle, MPV, engine, internal combustion engine, fuel, gasoline, petrol, diesel, wheel, crankshaft, piston, cylinder, stroke, four-stroke engine, motorcycle, carburetor, assembly line, transportation, spark plug, front, rear, body 2 句子：
1）The automobile as we know it was not invented in a single day by a single inventor. The history of the automobile reflects an evolution that took place worldwide. It is estimated that over 100,000 patents created the modern automobile.
2）An internal combustion engine is any engine that uses the explosive combustion of fuel to push a piston within a cylinder - the piston's movement turns a crankshaft that then turns the car wheels via a chain or a drive shaft. 二、一般掌握 1．课文后的词汇 2．阅读课文，基本理解。 三、一般了解 1．汽车发展史； 2．回答课文后问题。
第2课 Introduction to Automobile
本课介绍了汽车的基本结构、各个主要部件的工作原理，以及汽车对社会的影响。具体要求如下： 一、重点掌握 1． 词汇：
Chassis, electrical system, shaft, driven shaft, driven wheel, gear, piston engine, compression, ignition, spark ignition(SI), compression ignition(CI),suspension system, braking system, steering system, driving system, transmission, transmit, gearbox, final drive, differential, clutch, torque, power, neutral, neutral gear, reverse gear, spring, steering wheel, ABS, battery, hood, trunk deck, charge, wear, pressure, temperature, axle, frame, speed, maintain 3 句子：
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1）The vehicle can be usually subdivided into several major categories: the body, the engine or power source, the chassis and the electrical system.
2）The main components of the transmission system are the clutch, gearbox, final drive, and differential.
3）Two types of brakes are used in modern cars: drum brakes and disc brakes.
4）The major parts of electrical system in a car include the battery, the starting system, the charging system, the ignition system, the lighting system, the auxiliary system and some electronic devices used on modern automobiles. .二、一般掌握
1．课文后的词汇 2．阅读课文，基本理解。 三、一般了解 1．汽车基本结构； 2．汽车与社会 3. 回答课文后问题。
第3课 Engine Fundamentals
本课介绍了发动机的基本术语、四冲程发动机的基本结构以及工作原理。具体要求如下： 一、重点掌握 1.词汇：
Cycle, Top Dead Center(TDC), Bottom Dead Center(BDC), filter, air filter, oil filter, fuel filter, pump, water pump, fuel pump, oil pump, oil, injection, nozzle, electronic, electrical, intake, exhaust, valve, compress, lubricate, cooling system, water jacket, coolant, antifreeze, volume, combustion chamber, air-fuel mixture, swept volume, total capacity, multi-cylinder engine, clearance volume, compression ratio, emission control system, fuel tank, oil pan 2． 句子：
1)This term is used to describe the movement of the piston from one extreme position to the other extreme position inside the engine cylinder, e.g. from the highest to the lowest position it can reach, or vice-versa (lowest to highest position). 【第15页 1.2 stroke】
2)The electronic control unit (ECU) controls the fuel injection nozzles to inject the small quantity of fuel into the intake ports to produce the air-fuel mixture that then flows into the cylinders where it is ignited and burns. 【第16页2.1 fuel system】
3)The engine has many moving metal parts. If metal parts rub against each other, they will wear rapidly. To prevent this, engines have lubricating systems that flood all moving parts with a coating of lubricating oil. 【第17页2.3 lubricating system】
4)The second stroke causes an upward motion of the piston. The space above the piston is now sealed due to the inlet valve closing and the exhaust valve having already closed. This upward motion of the piston causes the petrol/air mixture to be compressed and the result is an increase in pressure and temperature of the mixture. 【第18页3.2 compression stroke】 二、一般掌握
1．课文后的词汇 2．阅读课文，基本理解。 三、一般了解
1．发动机基本结构及工作过程
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2. 回答课文后问题
第4课 Diesel Engine
本课对柴油机进行了介绍，主要包括柴油机的工作原理、柴油机的供油系统。具体要求如下： 一、重点掌握 1.词汇：
Spray, inject, self-ignition, transmit, accelerate, coach, lorry, tank, low-pressure pipe, fuel filter, fuel lift pump, fuel injection pump, high-pressure pipe, fuel injector, fuel leak-off pipe, liter, filler neck, in-line pump, distributor Pump Assembly (DPA), camshaft 2.句子：
1) The diesel engines are compression ignition engines. The diesel engine uses the heat of compression to ignite the fuel.
2) One major difference between a diesel engine and a petrol engine is that the diesel engine has a very high compression ratio.
3) Compression ignition engines are efficient, last longer and are cheaper to maintain than petrol engines but are sometimes expensive, noisier and slower to accelerate.
4) The main components of the fuel supply system for a diesel engine include a fuel storage tank, low-pressure pipes, various fuel filters, fuel lift pump, fuel injection pump, high-pressure pipes, fuel injectors and fuel leak-off pipes. The system is therefore a little more complicated than the fuel supply system for a spark-ignition engine.
5) Fuel filters are used to prevent the dust, abrasive particles and water reaching the fuel injection pump and injector, where they would cause a high rate of wear on the precision-machined components and lead to shorter life. 二、一般掌握
1．课文后的词汇 2．阅读课文，基本理解。 三、一般了解
1．柴油机基本结构及工作过程 2. 回答课文后问题
第6课 Cylinder Block and Cylinder Head
本课主要介绍气缸体和气缸盖。具体要求如下： 一、重点掌握 1.词汇：
cylinder block, cylinder head, bearing, cooling passageway, cooling jacket, radiator, manufacturer, assembly, air-cooled engine, liquid-cooled engine, cast iron, aluminum, alloy, liner, in-line engine, valve mechanism, manifold, heater hose, lubricant, gasket, seal, crankcase 2.句子：
1) The cylinder block is the foundation of the engine—all other parts are attached to it. Its most important function is to provide a strong, unmovable mounting for engine components such as the crankshaft and cylinders and so on.
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2) Various modern casting techniques are used to lighten the cylinder block. It is the heaviest part of the engine, and the more it can be safely lightened, the lighter the car. This means better fuel economy.
3) Two kinds of cylinder liners, dry liner and wet liner, can be installed after the cylinder block is cast.
4) The cylinder heads on many engines also form the upper end of the combustion chambers for each cylinder. The piston head and piston rings form the lower end of the combustion chambers. 5) Attached to the cylinder head are such components as valve mechanisms, spark plugs or injectors, exhaust and inlet manifolds, temperature sensors, heater hose connectors, top radiator hose connector, and a rocker or camshaft cover. 二、一般掌握
1．课文后的词汇 2．阅读课文，基本理解。 三、一般了解
1．气缸体、气缸盖基本结构和材料 2. 回答课文后问题
第7课 Piston, Connecting Rod, Crankshaft
本课介绍了活塞、连杆和曲轴。具体要求如下： 一、重点掌握 1.词汇：
Connecting rod, bearing, piston head, piston ring, piston pin, compression ring, oil ring, crankpin, forge, counterweight, flywheel, main journal, camshaft, keyway, Woodruff key, gear, sprocket, pulley, auxiliary, generator, coolant pump, power steering pump, flange, oil-thrower, machine, main bearing cap, bolt, bore 2.句子：
1) The piston must be strong. But it must be light to reduce inertia loads on the bearings. For this reason, pistons for modern engines are made of aluminum alloy. This is a light metal. 2) The piston rings maintain a sliding seal between the cylinder wall and the piston. The piston cannot be fitted tightly enough to form a good seal by itself. There must be some clearance so that the piston can slide without sticking.
3) During manufacture, the rods and caps are individually matched to each other. They usually carry identifying numbers so that they will not be mixed up if the engine is disassembled. 4) The crankshaft assembly includes the crankshaft, bearings, flywheel, harmonic balancer, timing gear, and front and rear seals.
5) The crankshaft usually drives the camshaft from its front end and is usually machined to accommodate a keyway to retain a Woodruff key (half-moon shaped) and a gear or sprocket is located on this keyway which is employed to drive the camshaft. 二、一般掌握
1．课文后的词汇 2．阅读课文，基本理解。 三、一般了解
1．活塞、连杆、曲轴基本结构和材料。 2. 回答课文后问题
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第8课 Valve Mechanism of an Engine
本课介绍了发动机的配气系统。具体要求如下： 一、重点掌握 1.词汇：
valve mechanism, valve train, valve seat, valve guide, cam, camshaft, overhead camshaft, DOHC, push rod, rocker arm, lifter, valve, bushing, valve stem, valve face, valve float, valve bounce, time, timing gear, timing chain 2.句子：
1) There are two valves for each cylinder. One is the intake valve. The other is the exhaust valve. However, certain high-performance engines use four valves per cylinder, two intake valves and two exhaust valves.
2) The valve trains are divided into side camshaft type and overhead camshaft (OHC) type, seen in Fig.2, according to the location of the camshaft.
3) In the OHC engine, the camshaft is mounted on or in the cylinder head. In this type there is no necessary to have the long push rod. This method of operation is much more efficient because fewer moving parts are involved (no push rod).
4) The intake and exhaust valves operate at different temperature. The intake valves run much cooler than the exhaust valves.
5) For the valves to open and close in correct relation to the position of the crankshaft, the camshaft must be timed to the crankshaft. This means that the two shafts must be assembled so that the cams open the valves at a precise time in relation to the position of the piston and crankshaft. 二、一般掌握
1．课文后的词汇 2．阅读课文，基本理解。 三、一般了解
1．配气机构的基本组成、结构。 2. 回答课文后问题
第9课 Engine Lubrication System
本课介绍了发动机润滑系统。具体要求如下：
一、重点掌握 1.词汇：
lubrication system, oil pan, oil pump, main oil gallery, oil filter, oil pressure relief valve, oil cooler, oil sensor, reservoir, gravity, positive displacement pump, gear-type pump, eccentric-rotor-type pump, full-flow filter, by-pass filter, dashboard, lifter 2.句子：
1）The engine has many moving parts. These parts must be lubricated adequately in order for the engine to operate correctly.
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汽车实用英语教学辅导
