deceptive与deceitful , act与action
deceptive与deceitful
deceive是个常用及物动词,解释为:“欺骗”,“蒙蔽”:
We won’t deceive you in this matter. 这件事我们不会骗你的。
但deceive派生的形容词deceitful和deceptive却比较难以区别。例如:我们可以说,He is a deceitful person. 但是却不能说He is a deceptive person. 因为deceitful意思是“欺骗性的,以欺骗为目的的”(intentionally misleading)。例如:
The kisses of an enemy are deceitful. 敌人的吻是欺骗性的。(《圣经》)
Her saying one thing and doing the opposite shows she’s deceitful and not trustworthy. 她说一套做一套表明她存心骗人,不可靠。
deceptive则是一个比较客观的单词。它只表示或事物的虚假性,不真实,容易赞成假象,而并不是有目的地想去欺骗别人。例如:
A mirage in the desert is deceptive. 沙漠中的海市蜃楼是一种假象。
Appearances can often be deceptive. 光看外表是靠不住的。
(一)一般说来,act指个别具体的行动;action 指抽象的行为。
(二)act大都指短暂的、简单的动作;action 指较长的、复杂的行为。例如我们应该说the action of a machine,而不说the act of a machine。 (三)在下列场合,只能用act,不能用action;the act of cruelty,folly,mercy,God(天灾),jumping,stealing,walking,kindness,madness...。
(四)在下列场合,只能用action,不能用act:to take action,in speech and action,a man of action, put into action, ready for action, to come (bring) into action...。在某些习语和表示“作用”的涵义时,也只能用action,不用act。例:Actions speak louder than words;Chemical action(化学作用);capillary action(毛细管作用);the action of light (heat)(光/热的作用)??。 下面例句说明act和action的分野:
The pickpocket was caught in the act. 扒手在行窃是被抓住了。
Trying to cover up the mistake is an act of folly. 试图隐藏错误是一件愚蠢的事。 In the act of picking up the ball, he slipped and fell. 他在拾球的时候滑倒了。 Don't take any action. 不要采用任何行动。 He is a man of action. 他是一个很活跃的人。
The government must take action to prevent unemployment from deteriorating. 政府必须采用行动防止失业情况恶化。
有时候,act和action之间的界限并不是很清楚的,例如在下列句中,它们可互换使用:
deceptive与deceitful , act与action
It was an act (or action) that they were to regret bitterly. Her heroic act (or action) will be long remembered. You will be judged by your acts (or actions).
最后还需补充一点,在指某个行为或行动的特征时,应用act,不用action。例如:an act of thoughtfulness; the act of a fool,但是,在该行为或动作之前如有形容词修饰时,则改用action,不用act。例如我们说:the act of a careless person; I don't like his careless action.