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2.派生法(即在词根上加前、后缀记忆):
en-(使??有)+courage→encourage;inter-(one with another;face to face)+view→interview;foreign+er(人)→foreigner,play+er(执行动作的人)→player,sharpen+er(执行动作的物)→sharpener;library+(y→i)an(人)→librarian;miss(v.)+ing→missing(adj.),probable(adj.)+(l)y→probably(adv.),sad(adj.)+ly→sadly(adv.);compose(v.)+(e→i)tion→composition(n.),inform(v.)+(a)tion→information(n.) 3.转化法: know(v.)→knowledge(n.) 二、意义关联帮你记忆:
dictionary—words,umbrella—rain,library—book—shelf,kitchen—cook 三、英英解释,温故知新:
abroad—in or to another country,overseas;interview—meeting with sb.
说说记忆单词的方法
词是构成句子的重要元素,词汇量的多少在英语学习中占有重要地位。今天我们讲讲怎样记忆单词。
一、把单词放入句子中,在一定的语言环境中记忆单词。如果一旦忘记词义,就回忆它所在的句子。很多成绩较好的同学都有一个体会,抓住对句子的理解和背诵这样一个关键,记忆单词一般来说是毫不费力的。
二、将单词按归类的方法进行记忆。把同义词归成一类,如 learn--study,between--among;反义词归成一类,如 left--right,high--low,strong--weak;或根据含义和用途把同一类型的词归成一类,如交通工具类:car,bus,ship,plane,truck,?学科类:maths,science,art,geography,?频度副词类:always,usually,often,sometimes,never,?等等。这样当遇到其中一个词时,头脑中出现的就是一组词,这样记忆单词的效率就会大大提高。同时,还可以掌握词与词之间的区别和各自特殊的用法,将平时极易混淆的单词清楚地区别开来。
三、利用构词法记忆单词。比如 happy(幸福的),加前缀“un”成为 unhappy(不幸福的),改“y”为“i”加后缀“ness”则变成了名词:happiness(幸福);“pea(豌豆)”与“nut(坚果)”可合成为“peanut(花生)”;when(何时)+ever(在任何时候)=whenever(无论什
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么时候)等等。
四、根据记忆与遗忘的规律来记忆单词,即应及时在第二天、第三天甚至以后再读第一天记忆的单词,定期作阶级性的复习,同遗忘作斗争。要记忆单词就不能怕重复,重复也是记忆的一种好方法。
五、初中阶段还有一个很实用的记忆单词的好方法就是根据音标即单词读音来记单词。只要你首先根据音标把一个单词读准、读对,那么就可根据其读音基本拼写出该单词。首先这要掌握一定的拼读规则。比如“dirty”,根据音标我们就能拼写出d-ir-t-y(在非重读音节中发[i])。这种方法对于记忆字母较多的单词尤其有效,如“contribution”,根据音标我们可把它分成四部分来记忆:con-tri-bu-tion,这样就能较快地记住单词。
以系统的方式来学习记忆知识能起到事半功倍的效果。因此背单词时我们一定要留心观察,寻找词与词之间的关系,这样将有助于我们记忆单词。总之,只要我们掌握一些科学的方法,并用心去记忆,就一定能记住英语单词。
合成形容词
英语中有许多种形式的合成形容词,仅在初中阶段需要学习使用的就达九种。现分述如下:
1.数词+单数名词。
如:20-minute 20分钟的 It's 20-minute walk.步行20分钟的路程。 second-class 二等的 That's the second-class room. 那是个二等房间。 500-word 五百字的 This is a 500-word composition. 这是一篇五百字的文章。 2.数词+单数名词+形容词。
如:8-year-old 八岁的 Mr Green has an 8-year-old child. 格林先生有个八岁的孩子。
3.数词+名词的ed形式。如:three-legged 三条腿的 Tom bought a three-legged table yesterday. 昨天汤姆买了一张三条腿的桌子。 4.形容词+名词。如:
round-trip来回的;往返的 Do you need a round-trip ticket﹖ 你想要一张往返的车票吗?
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part-time 非全部工作时间的;兼职的He found a part-time job. 他找到了一份额外的工作。
5.形容词+名词的ed形式。
如:kind-hearted 好心的 Father Christmas is very kind-hearted. 圣诞老人的心肠非常好。
6.名词+过去分词。如:man-made人造的
China has sent up many man-made satellites. 中国已发射了许多人造卫星。 7.名词+名词的ed形式。如:glass-topped带有玻璃罩的
I want to own a glass-topped table. 我想要一张带有玻璃罩的桌子。 8.副词+过去分词。如:so-called所谓的
I don't like those so-called singers. 我不喜欢那些所谓的歌星。 9.副词+副词。
如:so-so马马虎虎;不好不坏的 My English is just so-so. 我的英语很一般。. Eg:To an American,a Chinese is a ______. (foreign) 前缀 例词 派生词 un-“不” happy unhappy like unlike usual unusual friendly unfriendly
im-“不” possible impossible 后缀 例词 派生词 -er“人” teach/play/clean teacher/player/cleaner drive driver(以e结尾,-r) run runner(重读闭音节,双写-er) win winner travel traveller -or“人” invent inventor visit visitor -ly(副词后缀)
bad badly quick quickly careful carefully happy happily deep deeply lucky luckily usual usually noisy noisily
slow slowly angry angrily strong strongly quiet quietly 特例: true - truly terrible - terribly possible - possibly
-ful(形容词后缀) care careful help helpful use useful forget forgetful -y (形容词后缀)
rain rainy luck lucky cloud cloudy noise noisy(以e结尾,去e,加-y) snow snowy sun sunny (双写,加-y) wind windy
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-ion(名词后缀) invent invention operate operation -ness(名词后缀) busy business good goodness 一些特例:
动词 形容词 动词 现在分词转化为名词 sleep asleep boat boating die dead build building enjoy enjoyable begin beginning cross crossing 名词 形容词 meet meeting friend friendly turn turning south southern shop shopping wool woolen
danger dangerous 动词 过去分词转为形容词 difference different fry fried worry worried
动词 名词 break broken know knowledge lose lost
fly flight please pleased please pleasure colour coloured 名词 名词 动词 现在分词、过去分词转为形容词
farm farmer 农夫 follow following interest interested“感兴趣的” 只作表语,仅用于be interested in develop interesting “有趣的” 可作表语和定语 developed “发达的” developing “发展中的”
练习题 1、Lucy can write a letter___Japanese though she has learned it only a few months. A. from B. to C. in D. with
2、They will have an English test___two days. A. for B. at C. in D. after
3、Wu Dong was born___the evening of April 2,1975. A. at B. in C. on D. to 4、I haven 't heard _______ her _____ she left home.
A. from, since B. from, after C. of, when D. of , as 5、Tom didn't know___Jack would leave for Beijing tomorrow. A. how B. weather C. whether D. what
6、His parents were _________ (happy) because he had failed the exam again. 7、Mrs. Green liked to stay _____ (safe) at the same place.
8、The_______ (visit) from France are going to visit our school this afternoon.
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思考题 1、The farmer was___tired___he couldn't fall asleep. A. very…to B. too…to C. so…that D.neither…nor
2、Work hard, ___you won't catch up with the others. A. but B. and C. if D. or 3、The game is very ___ and she's ___ in it. A. interesting, interesting B. interested, interested C. interested, interesting D. interesting, interested
重要的短语、句型和惯用法(一)
1. get on/off(the bus) 上/下车 get up 起床 get ready for 为...作准备 get oneself dressed 自己穿衣服 get well (better) 身体好 get in 进入,收集 get sb.sth.=get sth.for sb. 为某人买某物
get on well with sb/sth. 与某人相处很好,...进展顺利
2. have an accident 出事故 have a good time =enjoy oneself 玩得很高兴
have a cold wet day 天气又冷又湿 have a cough 咳嗽 have a drink(of)... 喝一杯... have a talk 听报告 have lunch 吃午饭 have...for lunch 午饭吃... have a meeting 开会have no idea 不知道 have a rest 休息一下 3. make a mistake 犯错误 mistake A for B 把A错认为B take sth. by mistake 错拿某物 4. make friends with 与...交朋友
make faces 做鬼脸make a fire 生火 make an excuse 找籍口 make a...sound 发...音 make tea 沏茶 make room for... 为...找出空间 make it 如期赴约 make a team 组成一个队
eg.Let's make it half past one. 注意:时间前不用介词at 5. turn sth. on/off 打开/关掉... turn sth. up/down 把...音量开大/小 注意:当sth 是代词时,常放中间
6. try sth. on 试穿(衣、鞋、帽) 注意:当 sth 为it或them, 常放中间try out 试验、尝试
try one's best to do sth. 尽力干某事=do one's best to do sth.
7. send sb. away 开除、解雇某人 send for sb. 派人去请某人 send up 发射
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