第四讲：一般过去时
一、定义：表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或存在的状态，也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。
1.表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或存在的状态： e.g. He was twelve last year. She was at work.
2.表过去经常或反复发生的动作：
e.g. She often came to help us in those days. Mrs. Peter always carried an umbrella..
二、常与一般过去时连用的词： 1. 时间状语
ago（two hours ago（一段时间+ago） yesterday（morning,afternoon,evening） the day before yesterday
last week,last(year,night,month…) 具体时间（如Jan.fourth) just now
at the age of 10(过去时间段) one day long ago
once upon a time
this morning(afternoon, evening) long long ago（很久以前）
the other day（前几天）
at the moment
三、一般过去时的构成
1、系动词be的一般过去时
构成：主语 + be（was, were） + 其他 主语是”I” 时 ----- was 主语为单数时 ----- was 主语为复数及 you时 ----- were 否定句的构成: 主语 + be + not + 其他 was not = wasn’t were not = weren’t
【活学活用】填入适当的be动词。 1、Kitty_____an English girl.
2._________ (be) it cold in your city yesterday? 3、I_____not from Taizhou.
4. It ________ (be) hot yesterday and most children _______ (be) outside. 5、She_____tall.
6. How many people ________ (be) there in your class last term? 7. There ________ (be) a football match on TV yesterday evening. 8. I__________(be) tired yesterday. 9.I _______ at school just now.
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10.He ________ at the camp last week. 11.We ________ students two years ago. 12.They ________ on the farm a moment ago.
13.Yang Ling ________ eleven years old last year. 14.There ________ an apple on the plate yesterday. 15.There ________ some milk in the fridge on Sunday.
2、情态动词的一般过去时
构成：主语 + 情态动词 + 动词原形+其他
She had to do her homework yesterday.
注意：情态动词后的动词一定要用原形，而且只能是情态动词的过去式。 They should(应该) be right.
否定句的构成：主语 + 情态动词 + not + 动词原形 + 其他 could not = couldn’t must not = mustn’t would not = wouldn’t should not = shouldn’t might not = might not had not to = hadn’t to
【活学活用】填入适当的词。
1. She________(could not) speak English last year. 2. You________(must not) open the door last night. 3. They________(should not) be right at that moment. 4. She said she________(would not) go to Japan.
3、行为动词的一般现在时
构成：主语 + 行为动词 + 其他
These boys liked playing football.
The girl read English every morning in 1998.
加ed方法：
1．直接加ed：work—— worked look——looked
2．以不发音e结尾的单词，直接加d：live ——lived hope——hoped use——used
3. 以辅音字母+y结尾的，变y为i加ed：study—— studied carry——carried worry——worried 26个字母中 除A E I O U五个元音字母外，其余21个都是辅音字母 4.以元音字母+y结尾的，直接加ed：enjoy ——enjoyed play——played
5. 以重读闭音节结尾的，双写最后的辅音字母+ed：stop—— stopped plan——planned 不规则变化的动词过去式：
have---had are---were get---got say---said feel---felt do/does---did is---was go---went
drink--drank eat--ate bring----brought think----thought buy----bought catch---- caught teach ---- taught sit----sat wear----wore cut----cut sweep----swept sleep----slept become----became
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【活学活用】
一、写出下例单词的过去式
is\\am_________ fly_______ plant________ are ________ drink_________ play_______ go________ make ________ does_________ dance________ worry________ ask _____ taste_________ eat__________ draw________ put ______ throw________ kick_________ pass_______ do ________ 二、完成句子
1.Tom and Mary ___________ (come) to China last month. 2.Mary __________ (read) English yesterday morning. 3.I ___________ (call) Mike this morning. 4.I listened but ___________ (hear) nothing.
5.Tom ___________ (begin) to learn Chinese last year. 6.Last week we _________ (pick) many apples on the farm. 7.What __________ (make) him cry (哭) just now?
8.Last year the teacher ___________ (tell) us that the earth moves around the sun. 9.Eli ____________ to Japan last week. ( move)
10. He ate some bread and _________ (drink) some milk.
4. 否定句的构成: 主语 + 助动词（did）+not +行为动词原形 + 其他
These boys didn’t（did not） like playing football.
The girl didn’t （did not）read English every morning last year. 注意：didn’t之后动词一定要用原形
【活学活用】
一、将下面句子改成否定句
1.I had a word with Julia this morning.
________________________________________________ 2.Li Ming studied English this morning.
________________________________________________ 3.There was an apple on the table last night. ________________________________________________ 4. I got up very early this morning.
________________________________________________
5. The police stopped me on my way home last night. ________________________________________________ 6. They gave the concert last night.
________________________________________________ 二、按照要求改写句子
1. Mike _________________(not go) to bed until 12 o’clock last night. So she _______ (get ) up late.
2. He __________ (not find ) his key last night.
3. Her mother __________ (not give) the girl any present one her birthday.
4. Last week, I _________( not buy) a new bike, I _______(buy) a new kite instead.
5. 一般疑问句
含be动词或情态动词的一般疑问句 Were you a student ？ be动词 主语 其它
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Yes，I was. No，I wasn’t. be + 主语 + 其它部分？ 肯定回答：Yes，主语+be 否定回答：No，主语+be+not
注意：在回答时，主语要用相应的代词代替
Could you speak English last year? 情态动词 主语 动词原形 其他部分 Yes，I could. No，I couldn’t.
情态动词 + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其它部分？ 肯定回答：Yes，主语+情态动词 否定回答：No，主语+情态动词+not
注意：在回答时，主语要用相应的代词代替
含be或情态动词一般疑问句的改写 秘诀：一调二改三问号
一调：即把句中的be或情态动词调到主语前；
二改：改换主语称谓，即将句中的主语I my mine we our ours等第一人称分别改为相应的第二人称 you your yours等；
三问号：句末的句号改为问号
【活学活用】将下例句子改成一般疑问句 1. I was an English teacher .
_________________________________________ 2. He was happy yesterday.
_________________________________________
3. They were glad to see each other last year. _________________________________________ 4. I should sweep the floor a moment ago. _________________________________________
行为动词一般疑问句的构成
问句： Did your parents go to school yesterday？ 肯答： Yes，they did. 否答： No，they didn’t. 肯定回答用“Yes, 主语+ did.”
否定回答用“No, 主语+didn’t(did not).”
特别注意：对于行为动词的一般疑问句一定要注意动词的还原， 因为时态与数的变化已经体现在助动词上了。
含行为动词（或称为实义动词）一般疑问句的改写： 秘诀：一加二改三问号
一加：即在句首加助动词did； 二改：1、把谓语动词改为原形； 2、改换主语称谓；
三问号：句末的句号改为问号。
【活学活用】按照要求改写句子
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2. We read English every morning last year. （改为一般疑问句） __________________________________________________
2. Tom’s father listened to English on the radio every evening . （改为一般疑问句） ___________________________________________________
3. Mr. Green came to Shanghai a week ago. （改为一般疑问句，并做肯定回答） ___________________________________________________
4. Millie lived in a flat in Beijing last week. （改为一般疑问句, 并做否定回答） ___________________________________________________
5. Daniel enjoyed playing computer games. (改为一般疑问句，并做肯定回答) ___________________________________________________
6. 特殊疑问句
以疑问词开头，对句中某一成分提问的句子叫特殊疑问句。常用的疑问词有：what who whose which when where how why等。
特殊疑问句有两种语序： （１）．如疑问词作主语或主语的定语，即对主语或主语的定语提问，其语序是陈述句的语序：疑问词（＋主语）＋谓语动词＋其他成分？如： who was singing in the room﹖ whose bike was red﹖ （２）．如疑问词作其他成分，即对其他成分提问，其语序是：疑问词＋一般疑问句语序？ 如： what class were you in﹖ What did she look like﹖ Where were you from﹖
What time did he get up every morning﹖ How did you know﹖
特殊疑问词+助动词+主语+动词原形+其他？ eg:Where did you do study English? 特殊疑问词+be动词+主语+其 eg:Why was your Mum so angry?
特殊疑问词+情态动词+主语+动词原形+其他？ eg:What could I do for you?
【活学活用】
一、选择正确的单词填空 (who, where, when)
1._____ was that pretty girl? She was my sister. 2._____ were Jack and Tom? They were behind you.
3._____ did you go to school? I went to school from Monday to Friday. 4._____ had a beautiful flower? John had a beautiful flower. 5._____ were they? They were my parents.
6._____ was my mother? She was in the living room.
7._____ were you going? We were going to the bakery(面包坊).
8._____ did Jim and Wendy play ball? They played ball in the afternoon. 9._____ did he jog? He jogged in the park. 10._____ were you last night? I was at home. 二、就画线部分提问
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初一下英语一般过去时
