课时作业41
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Almost every day we come across situations where we have to make decisions one way or another. Choice, we are given to believe, is a right. But for a good many people in the world, in rich and poor countries, choice is a luxury, something wonderful but hard to get, not a right. And for those who think they are exercising their rights to make choices, the whole system is merely an illusion (幻觉), a false idea created by companies and advertisers, hoping to sell their products.
The endless choice gives birth to anxiety in people's lives. Buying something as basic as a coffee pot is not exactly simple. Easy access to a wide range of everyday goods leads to a sense of powerlessness in many people, ending in the shoppers giving up and walking away, or just buying an unsuitable item that is not really wanted. Recent studies have shown that many electrical goods bought in almost every family are not really needed. More difficult decision-making is then either avoided or trusted to the hands of the professionals, lifestyle instructors, or advisors.
It is not just the availability of the goods that is the problem, but the speed with which new types of products come on the market. Advances in design and production help quicken the process. Products also need to have a short lifespan so that the public can be persuaded to replace them within a short time. The typical example is computers, which are almost out-of-date once they are bought. This indeed makes selection a problem. Gone are the days when one could just walk with ease into a shop and buy one thing; no choice, no anxiety.
当今社会，很多人误以为选择是自己拥有的一项权利。其实，在很多情况下，那只是一种幻觉，不过是被一些公司或广告商为了出售他们的产品而营造的一种错误想法。
1．What does the author try to argue in the first paragraph? A．The practice of choice is difficult. B．Choice is a born right. C．It's easy to make choices.
D．Companies offer good shopping choice. 答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“But for a good many people...but hard to get, not a right.”可知，作者认为对世界上的很多人来说，选择并非是一种权利，无论是在贫穷的国家还是在富有的国家中，选择对他们来说其实是一种奢侈品，很美好但很难得到。也就是说选择是很难做到的。故选A项。
2．Which of the following is most likely to cause anxiety? A．Easy access to everyday goods.
B．Too many choices.
C．Misleading advertisements. D．Professional shopping advice. 答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The endless choice gives birth to anxiety in people's lives.”可知，无休止的选择催生出人们生活中的焦虑，即人们焦虑是因为选择太多而导致的。故选B项。
3．The example of computers is used to prove that ________. A．updated products flood the market B．high-tech products are of poor quality C．everyday goods need to be replaced D．advanced products are in demand 答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Advances in design and production...which are almost out-of-date once they are bought.”可知，产品的设计和生产方面的进步加速了(产品)被推向市场的进程，产品也需要缩短使用期，电脑便是其中的一个例子。由此可以推断，作者以电脑为例，证明市场上充斥着更新的产品。故选A项。
4．What is this passage mainly about? A．The opinions on people's right.
B．The problems of the availability of daily goods. C．The helplessness in purchasing decisions. D．The variety of choices in modern society. 答案：C
解析：主旨大意题。综观全文，尤其是文章最后一句“Gone are the days...no anxiety.”可知，本文主要讲述了人们在购物时因为选择太多而无法简单选择的现状。故选C项。
B
Play is vital in every child's development, and for toddlers (蹒跚学步的小孩) the benefits of play especially come to life when they can connect with parents during playtime. To raise awareness and help parents create the time and attention span needed, the Lego Group launches a “Do not disturb playtime” campaign. 21 days is what it takes on average to break a habit, so for 21 days the Lego team will not post on social media during “todder playtime”， defined as 5 am—8 pm.
With social media being an integrated part and creative inspiration to modern family life, it is no surprise that researchers call our digital behavior as a concerning obstacle to quality playtime.
“While we are hooked_on our cellphones, we should think about turning them off when interacting with our young children. Kids learn so much from us and we don't want to get in the way of that. Take language learning for example. When nurturing
caregivers talk to their children about what they are interested in, it helps them learn new words and new ways to express themselves. Our research shows that the use of cellphones in a conversation between parents and children disturbs children's word learning，” advises Roberta Golinkoff, Ph.D., professor at the University of Delaware.
Our research shows that parents today understand their significant roles in insuring their kids grow up to be happy, well-rounded, and equipped for the future. At the same time, many worry about not spending enough time with their toddlers. Lego wants to inspire parents to make the small moments memorable.
“We know parents today feel more time-starved than ever before. Many feel guilty about not spending enough time with their little ones. Through the ‘Do not disturb playtime’ campaign we hope to reassure parents that it's not so much the amount of time they spend with their kids, but the small meaningful moments they create during play，” said Steffen Jensen, LEGO Group Senior Marketing Director.
本文通过乐高公司的一项活动，引发人们的思考：与孩子互动时，父母应该关掉手机，专注于陪伴孩子玩耍与成长。
5．Which of the following words can replace the underlined phrase “hooked on” in paragraph 3?
A．Addicted to. C．Excited about. 答案：A
解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词后的we should think about turning them off when interacting with our young children可知，我们在与孩子交流的时候应该关掉手机。而while在此表示转折，由此可知，前半句的意思是虽然我们着迷于手机。故选A项。
6．What can we know according to the passage?
A．Digital behavior is supposed to be totally abandoned in our daily life. B．Parents today attach little importance to spending time with their children. C．Parents have more time than before so they should accompany their children. D．This campaign is intended to arouse parents' awareness of the importance of playtime.
答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“To raise awareness and...launches a ‘Do not disturb playtime’ campaign.”可知，创建这一活动的目的是帮助提高父母的意识，为他们提供陪孩子玩耍的时间并(积聚其)注意力。因此，该活动的目的是提高父母重视和孩子游戏时间的意识。故选D项。
7．What might be Roberta Golinkoff's attitude toward the campaign? A．Disapproving. C．Critical. 答案：D
B．Unconcerned. D．Supportive. B．Familiar with. D．Strict in.
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“...we should think about turning them off when interacting with our young children.”可知，罗伯塔给出的建议是父母在与孩子交流的时候应该关掉手机。由此可知，罗伯塔的建议与活动的目的一致，因此，她是支持该活动的。故选D项。
8．While interacting with their children, what are parents advised to do? A．Express themselves in new ways. B．Focus on children's language learning. C．Create memorable and meaningful experiences.
D．Provide children with big projects rather than small ones. 答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Lego wants to inspire parents to make the small moments memorable.”以及最后一段中的but the small meaningful moments they create during play可知，家长们被建议把小的瞬间变得难忘且有意义。故选C项。
Ⅱ.七选五
Being a successful high school student requires both patience and motivation. Unfortunately, there are often many things that can make your success difficult. Here are some tips which can help you become a successful high school student.
Remember that school is important. It's important to have fun and have lots of extra-curricular activities, but school study should always be your top priority (优先的事物). __1__
Get involved at your school. You don't have to be a superstar or a cheerleader to do this. __2__ These may include current events, such as the basketball game held last Friday or attending school events like dances and variety shows.
__3__ It's easy to forget to stay in shape when the workload starts piling up. Doing some sports can help you relax physically and improve your work efficiency. So join a sports team at your school to make you less worried about your schedule and have a healthy body.
Find a club to develop your interests. Not being an athlete is not an excuse for not having something to do after school. __4__ Music? Join a band. If you're not into any of your school's clubs, advise your principal to start a new one. Most likely he/she will say yes.
Focus on yourself. Don't compare yourself with others. __5__ Every day you should only try to make yourself better, instead of worrying about how the girl sitting in front of you has nicer clothes or is getting better grades, etc. Ten years from now, this won't matter.
A．Take up a sport to get fit. B．Try to go out at weekends.
C．All you need to do is stay on top of things. D．If you're enthusiastic about art, join the art club.
E．High school is only a competition with yourself. F．So never take homework, tests, and quizzes lightly! G．The best thing to do is just be friendly to everyone. 本文是一篇说明文。介绍了如何成为一名成功的高中生。
1．F 解析：此空设于段尾，与上文构成因果关系。上文提到上学是一件最重要的事情，因此不要忽视考试，作业和小测验。
2．C 解析：此空设于段中，与上句构成递进关系，进一步指出参与校园活动需要做的事情。
3．A 解析：此空设于段首，是本段的主旨句。根据本段的Doing some sports及join a sports team at your school内容可知，本段建议高中生要参加体育运动。
4．D 解析：此空设于段中，与下一句存在并列关系，说明如果你对美术感兴趣就参加美术俱乐部。
5．E 解析：此空设于段中，进一步解释上句内容，说明高中生活是一种自己和自己的竞争，不要和别人对比。
Ⅲ.语法填空
Do you know that Darth Vader from Star Wars used to stutter (口吃)? And so did Mufasa from The Lion King! How could these rough and tough characters stutter? The answer is that both the two characters __1__ (play) by the actor James Jones. Before he became __2__ star actor, he used to stutter.
Stuttering was __3__ (mere) one part of a tough start to life for Mr Jones. His parents were unable __4__ (take) care of him so he moved to live with his grandparents in Michigan. This was when he developed a severe stutter. During the time __5__ he was in high school, his English teacher, Donald Crough, helped him to beat stuttering. Mr Crouch saw that Mr Jones had a gift __6__ poetry (诗). He urged Mr Jones to challenge himself. Through __7__ (determine) and years of hard work, Mr Jones __8__ (overcome) his stuttering by practicing poetry, public speaking, and acting.
Although it was a hard road, he finally broke through. Now Mr Jones has become one of the __9__ (great) actors in American history. If not for his hard work and the help from his teacher, __10__ (movie) like Star Wars and The Lion King would not be the same!
本文是一篇记叙文。詹姆斯·琼斯从小口吃，在英文老师的帮助下克服了口吃。 1．were_played
解析：考查动词的时态和语态。根据句子结构可知，从句缺少谓语，play与two characters为动宾关系，且动作发生在过去，故填were played。
2．a
解析：考查冠词。此处表示泛指，表示“一位明星”，且star以辅音音素开头，故填a。
3．merely
解析：考查副词。此处修饰动词was，故填merely。
2021届高考英语大一轮复习课时作业41Unit21HumanBiology含解析北师大版
