专题跟踪检测7 词义猜测题(一)
(限时25分钟) (见专题跟踪检测P125)
A
(2019·江西南昌一模)Chinese cuisine is widely known and enjoyed all around the world. Who doesn't long for a favorite Chinese dish? But there is one interesting concept concerning Chinese food which is almost unheard in the West, and which is becoming increasingly ignored by the youth of the East—the ancient custom of tonic food.
Tonic food is food which is consumed to improve one's well-being or avoid sickness. For instance, it was once the custom for new mothers to eat a sesame oil (麻油) hotpot every day for the first month after giving birth. It was believed that this dish would benefit the muscles, reduce pain, improve circulation, stimulate sweating, and warm the body. Some foods, such as goat meat and spinach(菠菜), are seen as “hot”， while others, such as Chinese cabbage and radishes(小萝卜), are seen as “cold”. One should be careful not to eat too much of either “hot” or “cold” food. However, how much “hot” or “cold” food one should eat depends on the time of the year, how the food is prepared and what it is prepared with, and the individual's health.
The custom of employing tonic food for a healthier life also influences the catering industry. Chinese herbal medicines, such as the wolfberry(枸杞), can be found on many a restaurant menu, either added to fruit tea or as a beneficial addition to a dish. These herbs attract customers, such as overworked office staff, in need of a modest pick-me-up.
So, whether you need to boost your strength with a large helping of chicken soup, or increase your mental powers with a serving of pig brain soup, you may find that this ancient Chinese custom could be just the tonic you were looking for.
语篇类型：说明文 主题语境：文化习俗
语篇导读：本文主要介绍了中国滋补食物的相关内容。 1．What is the present situation of tonic food? A．It is catching less attention. B．It is enjoyed by many young people. C．It is well-known worldwide. D．It is becoming increasingly popular.
解析 A 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知，目前滋补食物不再受到追捧，故选A项。
2．What is believed to benefit new mothers? A．Chinese cabbage.
B．Fruit tea.
C．Sesame oil hotpot. D．Pig brain soup.
解析 C 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知，人们认为麻油焖罐对新生儿母亲有益，故选C项。
3．Which of the following best explains “catering” underlined in Paragraph 3? A．Medicine. C．Education.
B．Restaurant. D．Fashion.
解析 B 词义猜测题。根据第三段第二句可推知，滋补食物对餐饮业有一定的影响，故catering与restaurant意思相近，故选B项。
4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．The Charm of Chinese Cuisine B．The Popularity of Tonic Food C．An Introduction of Chinese Tonic Food D．Differences Between Hot Food and Cold Food
解析 C 标题归纳题。根据对全文的整体理解可推知，本文主要对中国的滋补食物进行了简要的介绍，故选C项。
B
(2019·湖南衡阳二模)By the time Robert Porter Allen was born in 1905, the whooping crane (鸣鹤) was already in trouble.The beautiful bird was once commonly found across North America.By 1941, the whooping crane population had dwindled to the double digits.The tallest species in North America were critically endangered.
In the 1940s, the remaining cranes migrate(迁徙) every year from the Gulf Coast of Texas to somewhere in the north of Canada to breed(繁殖)．The conservation community didn't know where the birds went.The wetlands where they used to spend winters were growing rarer and rarer as they tiny, non-migrating group of whooping cranes was alive in Louisiana in 1941, but the group had disappeared by the time Allen started his research.
In 1942, Allen undertook the whooping crane project. Over the next three years, he did almost constant field work that took him from Texas up the cranes' migration route to Nebraska, and on into Saskatchewan in search of the nesting ground of the birds.
Studying the bird in its breeding habitat and seeing how many birds were born would allow conservationists to understand how to help the birds on their journey.But finding the whooping crane's nesting site meant difficult and fruitless air searches over northern Canada.
In 1952, Allen wrote a report on the whooping crane.The report was a warning call to the conservation community: only 33 migratory “whoopers” remained, and their nesting site still hadn't been found.Two years later, the whooping cranes breeding grounds in Canada's Wood Buffalo National Park were finally found, and Allen headed north to study them firsthand, an “incredibly difficult journey，” in Sprunt's words, Allen's work laid the groundwork for
conservationists to save the birds.
Their efforts paid off as the numbers reached 57 by 1970 and 214 by 2005.Today, the whooping crane is still listed as endangered, but there are roughly 600 birds alive.
语篇类型：记叙文 主题语境：人与动物
语篇导读：本文讲述了Robert Porter Allen救助鸣鹤的故事。 5．What is the passage mainly about?
A．It is a story about Allen's searching for a lost bird. B．It is a story about the cranes' long migration flight. C．It is a story about the crane surviving the winters. D．It is a story about conserving the whooping crane.
解析 D 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了Robert Porter Allen救助鸣鹤的故事，故选D项。
6．What does the underlined word “dwindled” mean in the first paragraph? A．Increased. C．Stayed.
B．Reduced. D．Limited.
解析 B 词义猜测题。根据画线词下一句可推知，到1941年，鸣鹤的数量已经减少到两位数。因此画线词dwindled意为“减少”，故选B项。
7．According to the passage, which of the following is mainly responsible for what happened to the remaining whooping cranes?
A．Habitat loss. C．Natural disaster.
B．Illegal hunting. D．Deadly diseases.
解析 A 推理判断题。根据第二段第三句可推知，栖息地的丧失是现存鸣鹤面临的主要问题，故选A项。
8．Which of the following events took place in 1954? A．The non-migrating group of whooping cranes disappeared. B．Robert Potter Allen undertook the whooping crane project. C．The whooping cranes breeding grounds were discovered. D．Robert Porter Allen wrote a report on the whooping crane.
解析 C 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段可推知，在1954年人们发现了鸣鹤的繁殖地，故选C项。
C
Nowadays people begin to pay more attention to the environment they live in. They care about air quality and water they drink every day. But few things exercise_green_sensibilities more than marine(海洋的) plastic litter. Scientists estimate that perhaps 16,000,000 tons of plastic waste enters the ocean each year. Much stays close to the shore. Some, though, is carried by waves to the
ocean.
The biggest part is located halfway between California and Hawaii. A study found that it contains between about 45,000 and 129,000 tons of plastic pieces over an area roughly the size of Alaska.
The idea of sweeping it all up might sound impossible. To Boyan Slat it seemed merely ambitious. What if, wondering in 2012 (then aged 18), he could build a large bow-shaped floating barrier, cast it to the seabed and let waves wash the litter into the “spoon”？ Despite his youthful age and crazy plan, Mr Slat set up the Ocean Cleanup to put it into practice. Six years later, the “spoon” named System 001 set sail from San Francisco on September 8th, followed by coast guards, camera crews and curious boaters.
System 001, which is made of plastic, is 600 meters long and 1.2 meters in diameter(直径). A three-meter-deep skirt beneath the “spoon” prevents litter from escaping under it; plastic tends to float within a meter of the water's surface. The “spoon” is even simpler than Mr Slat's original idea, having dispensed(摒弃) with the anchor. The “spoon”， which is driven by waves as well as wind, always moves faster than the plastic. It therefore brings the litter up as it floats.
If System 001 succeeds, Mr Slat wants to put another 60 “spoons” into use. Corporate sponsors would offer him 5 million euros for construction and three years' operation. Mr LeBreton thinks that a fleet(舰队) of “spoons” could, by 2040, sweep up all the non-tiny plastic pieces. If plastic waste continues coming, it would outweigh the fleet's ability to catch it within a few years. The ocean's plastic problem cannot really be solved without better waste management on land.
语篇类型：说明文 主题语境：自然保护
语篇导读：本文主要介绍了一种清理海洋塑料垃圾的设备——001系统。
9．What does the underlined phrase “exercise green sensibilities” in Paragraph 1 refer to?
A．Do some exercise in a green way. B．Are sensitive to sports. C．Contribute to a greener life.
D．Arouse concern about the environment.
解析 D 词义猜测题。根据第一段第一句可知，exercise green sensibilities应与引起人们对环境的关注有关，故选D项。
10．When did Boyan Slat begin to put the “spoon” into practice? A．In 2008. C．In 2018.
B．In 2012. D．In 2000.
解析 C 数字计算题。根据第三段第三句中的wondering in 2012和第三段最后一句可知，Boyan Slat在2018年实施了该计划，故选C项。
11．What can we learn from Paragraph 4?
A．Mr Slat has dispensed with the skirt beneath the “spoon”． B．Wind and waves help System 001 move faster than plastic litter. C．The “spoon” is made of plastic to better catch plastic litter. D．No plastic litter can escape thanks to the skirt under it.
解析 B 细节理解题。根据第四段倒数第二句可知，风和海浪使得这一设备比塑料垃圾移动得要快，故选B项。
12．What may be the best title for the text? A．A “Spoon” Takes Away Marine Plastic Litter B．System 001 Has a Promising Future C．Marine Plastic Litter Hits D．Marine Plastic Litter Floats Away
解析 A 标题归纳题。本文主要介绍了一种能够清理海洋塑料垃圾的设备，故选A项。
2020高考英语二轮专题复习课标通用版+跟踪检测专题+1+阅读理解专题跟踪检测7+Word版含答案
