Citation Guide
SourceAid, LLCwww.SourceAid.com
Edited by: Julia Johns, Tom Fox, and Ronald Silvia
Copyright ? 2004 by SourceAid, LLC. All rights reserved.
This document may be freely distributed contingent upon the fact that it is distributed as a whole document. This includes printing it as a whole document or providing it as a resource by linking to it. This document may not be republished or modified in any form without written consent from SourceAid, LLC.For more information please contact by mailSourceAid, LLC
P.O. Box 430 Osterville, MA 02655E-mail – info@SourceAid.com
i
Contents
1 Citing Sources ..................................................................................................... 1
2 Modern Language Association (MLA) ............................................................... 2 What is MLA? ........................................................................................................ 2 When is MLA used? .............................................................................................. 2 How is MLA different? ........................................................................................... 2 Works Cited ........................................................................................................... 2 In-text citations ...................................................................................................... 3 Footnotes .............................................................................................................. 4 Endnotes ............................................................................................................... 5 Reference .............................................................................................................. 6
3 American Psychological Association (APA) .................................................... 7 What is APA? ........................................................................................................ 7 When is APA used? .............................................................................................. 7 How is APA different? ........................................................................................... 7 Reference .............................................................................................................. 7 In-text citations ...................................................................................................... 8 Footnotes .............................................................................................................. 9 Endnotes ............................................................................................................... 10 Reference .............................................................................................................. 10
4 Chicago Manual of Style (CMS) .......................................................................... 11 What is CMS? ........................................................................................................ 11 When is CMS used? .............................................................................................. 11 How is CMS different? ........................................................................................... 11 Bibliography ........................................................................................................... 11 In-text citations ...................................................................................................... 12 Footnotes .............................................................................................................. 13 Endnotes ............................................................................................................... 13 Reference .............................................................................................................. 14
5 Council of Science Editors (CSE) ...................................................................... 15 What is CSE? ........................................................................................................ 15 When is CSE used? .............................................................................................. 15 How is CSE different? ........................................................................................... 15 Cited References ................................................................................................... 15 In-text citations ...................................................................................................... 16 Footnotes .............................................................................................................. 17 Endnotes ............................................................................................................... 18 Reference .............................................................................................................. 20
1
Citing Sources
Writers plagiarize when they present others’ ideas as a product of their own intellect. To avoid plagiarism, cite the sources from which you found ideas to use in your text. By citing references, you allow readers to locate and evaluate the quality of each reference. Citing sources also credits others for their work.
To make writing credibly simpler, writing style organizations provide writers with standard formats in which to write and cite sources. Works Cited, References, Cited References or Bibliography pages provide readers with information about the sources which contributed to the content of a text or project. Sources may also be cited as footnotes, endnotes, and in-text citations.
Copyright 2004 SourceAid, LLC. All Rights Reserved.
2
Modern Language Association (MLA)
What is MLA?
The Modern Language Association’s writing style is the leading means of documentation in the educational and literary world. The current MLA writing manual is the sixth edition. A new manual has been published about once every decade over the approximately fifty years of MLA style’s existence.
When is MLA used?
The MLA writing style is often used by writers who are not required to use a particular writing style.
How is MLA different?
The MLA style focuses on citing information about the author of a research source. Who created a source is more significant than when it was published.
Works Cited General Guidelines 1. 2. 3. 4.
Center title an inch below the top of the page. Arrange citations in alphabetical order.
Double space lines without extra blank lines between the citations. Indent the second line of each citation and each line thereafter.
Copyright 2004 SourceAid, LLC. All Rights Reserved.
Citation Guide- MLA, APA, CMS,& CSE Writing Styles - 图文
