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220-year experiment in civilian control of the military is a recipe for friction. The nation's history has seen a series of shifts in decision-making power among the White House, the civilian secretaries and the uniformed elite (精英). However, what may seem on the outside an unstable and special system of power sharing has, without a doubt, been a key to two centuries of military success.
In the infighting dates to the revolution, George Washington waged a continual struggle not just for money, but to control the actual battle plan. The framers of the Constitution sought to clarify things by making the president the \since Washington wore his uniform and led the troops across the Alleghenies to quell(镇压)the Whiskey Rebellion has a sit-ting president taken command in the field. Yet the absolute authority of the president ensures his direct command. The president was boss, and everyone in uniform knew it.
In the Civil War, Abraham Lincoln dealt directly with his generals, and Secretary of War Edwin M. Stanton handled administrative details. Lincoln, inexperienced in military matters, initially deferred (顺从) to his generals. But when their caution proved disastrous, be issued his General War Order No. 1 — explicitly commanding a general advance of all Union forces. Some generals, George B. McClellan in particular, bridled at his hands-on direction. But in constitutional terms, Lincoln was in the right.
His most important decision was to put Ulysses S. Grant in charge of the Union Army in 1864. Left to its own timetable, the military establishment would never have touched Grant. The relationship between the president and his general provides a textbook lesson in civilian control and power sharing. Grant was a general who would take the fight to the enemy, and not second-guess the president's political decisions. Unlike McClellan, for example, Grant cooperated wholeheartedly in recruiting black soldiers. For his part, Lincoln did not meddle in operations and did not visit the headquarters in the field unless invited.
The balance set up by Grant and Lincoln stayed more or less in place through World War I. Not until World War II did the pendulum finally swing back toward the White House. Franklin Roosevelt, who had been assistant Navy secretary, during World War I, was as well prepared to be commander in chief as any wartime president since George Washington.
46. According to the author, the system of power sharing between the White House and the generals _____________. A. is unstable and strange
B. is a guarantee for American military success C. has caused a series of quarrels
D. undermines the bases of American military power
47. The phrase \ A. outstanding soldiers B. officers C. officials D. generals 48. According to the passage, Washington ___________. A. struggled with the congress only for money
B. lived up to the code of the constitution that the president was \ C. looked more like a general than a president
D. did much more than he should as a president
49. Why was the putting of Grant in charge of the Union Army an important decision? A. Because Lincoln was inexperienced in military affairs, he had to do so.
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B. Grant whole-heartedly believed in Lincoln, and their cooperation proved to be a none-such.
C. All things considered, Grant was somewhat better than McClellan.
D. The decision to put Grant in charge of the Union Army was not against the constitution. 50. In the last paragraph, the author implies that __________.
A. Roosevelt was better prepared to be a wartime president than Lincoln
B. in the Second World War, the relationship between the White House and the generals was
intense C. both Lincoln and Roosevelt were good wartime presidents, although their actual way of
dealing things might be different D. George Washington was actually the best president Part Ⅳ Cloze Test (15 minutes, 10 points)
Directions: There are 10 blanks in the following passage. For each numbered blank, there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.
For most kinds of activities, a large group of people can accomplish more and have more fun than one person alone. For example, politicians, businessmen, workers, and 51 criminals know that they must join organizations in order to be 52 . Since there is usually strength in numbers, labor unions have a more 53 influence on wages and company policy than individual workers 54 . A person may also belong to social clubs and athletic teams 55 he or she can meet other people who are interested in the same activities. 56 you have a hobby, such as playing chess, collecting coins or stamps, or playing a musical instrument, you should join a club which has 57 meetings to talk about your activity; the other 58 will help you learn more about it. Of course, a group must be well 59 , or it might be a failure. All the members should work together on projects and choose good leaders to 60 their activities. In this way, the organization will benefit everyone in it.
51. A. still B. even C. somehow D. however 52. A. sociable B. interested C. successful D. extrovert 53. A. powerful B. strong C. great D. forcing 54. A. can B. think C. do D. gain 55. A. what B. at which C. where D. in which 56. A. Whether B. When C. If D. Although 57. A. regular B. often C. usual D. incidental 58. A. clubs B. people C. members D. societies 59. A. organized B. set C. arranged D. gathered
60. A. introduce B. show C. direct D. explain Paper Two
Part V Translation (30 minutes, 10 points)
Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese and put your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.
Internet is a vast network of computers that connects many of the world's businesses, institutions and individuals. The internet, which means interconnected network of networks, links tens of thousands of smaller computer networks. These networks transmit huge amounts of information in forms of words, images and sounds.
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The Internet was information on virtually every topic. Network users can search through sources ranging from vast databases to small electronic \boards\where users form discussion groups around common interests. Much of the Internet's traffic consists of messages sent from one computer user to another. These messages are called electronic mail or e-mail. Internet users have electronic addresses that allow them to send and receive e-mails. Other uses of the network include obtaining news, joining electronic debates and playing electronic games. Part VI Writing (30 minutes, 15 points)
Direction: Write a composition of about 120 words on the following topic. Your composition should be written on ANSWER SHEET. Topic: The Values of Failure
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模拟题答案
题号 答案 题号 答案 题号 答案 1 B 21 A 41 C
2 D 22 B 42 A 3 A 23 D 43 C 4 A 24 A 44 D 5 B 25 C 45 D 6 C 26 C 46 B 7 A 27 D 47 D 8 B 28 A 48 B 9 B 29 B 49 B 10 A 30 B 50 C 11 A 31 A 51 B 12 B 32 B 52 C 13 C 33 C 53 A 14 C 34 D 54 C 15 A 35 C 55 C 16 A 36 C 56 C 17 B 37 D 57 A 18 A 38 A 58 C 19 A 39 C 59 A 20 A 40 D 60 C Translation： 互联网是一个巨大的计算机网络，它把世界上许多公司、机构团体和个人连接起来。互联网，即网络相互连接形式的网络，连接了数以万计的更小的计算机网络。这些网络以文字、图像和声音的形式传输大量的信息。
事实上，互联网上几乎有关于所有主题的信息。从大型数据库一直到小型的电子版公告板，都可以成为互联网用户搜索信息的来源，网民们经常在电子公告板上围绕着某个共同兴趣形成讨论小组。互联网上大量的通讯由从一台计算机送往另一台计算机的消息组成。这些消息被称为电子邮件。互联网用户有用来收发电子邮件的电子邮件地址。此外，网络功能还包括获取新闻、参与网上辩论、玩电子游戏等。 Writing:
The Values of Failure
In our lifetime, we can never be plain sailing. Life must be full of difficulties and setbacks. When we are facing with such a disappointing matter, don’t get frustrated. If we draw lessons from failures, in most cases we will achieve success in the future. Beethoven is a good example when facing failures. His success in creating Symphony Nine was on the basis of several times of failing attempt. It’s failure that reanimated his determination to succeed. The failure that gave him a lesson benefited him greatly, even in his whole life. Contrary to Beethoven, some people think failure is a heavy blow that they are not able to endure because they lose chances to achieve something. When they meet failure, they will be seriously dejected and can never pluck up their courage to try again. Let’s remember an old saying “failure is the mother of success”. When we see failure, we should believe that success is not far ahead. If we hold a positive attitude towards failure, we will overcome difficulties and frustrations to win victory.
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清华在线2010年在职教育硕士联考考前辅导
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胡 平：中国人民大学教授，心理学博士，心理学名师，清华在线独家签约讲师。
杨海燕：中国人民大学教授，硕士生导师，曾多次参与教育硕士的判卷和面试工作。清华在线独家签约讲师。 课程设置
班 次 Ed.M教育学 Ed.M心理学 Ed.M专业综合 Ed.M强化班 Ed.M全程班 联考英语 师资介绍
安 静：重点名校教授，联考英语考前辅导名师，授课精炼，技巧性强。清华在线英语教研组专家，清华在线独家签约讲师。
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程 呈：北邮优秀青年教师，英语专业硕士。擅长长难句分析，讲课精练，善于摸索规律，对于英语普研英语、在职联考英语有精深研究和独到见解。清华在线独家签约讲师。
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