16. 句意：盐需要大量的水，所以大多数细菌不能生活在咸的环境中。考查介词辨析题。A. in在……里面；B. outside在……的外面，表位置；C. for为了，表目的；D. without没有。根据科学常识可知，在有盐的环境里大部分细菌不能存活，故选A。
17. 句意：对于人类的许多历史，这种能力使盐变得有价值。考查形容词辨析题。A. hopeful有希望的；根据下文Its usefulness, together B. comfortable充裕的；C. valuable有价值的；D. successful成功的。with rarity made it very expensive. 有用和稀有使盐非常昂贵，可知选C。
18. 句意：即使在今天，辛勤工作的有用的人被称为“地球之盐”。A. saved节省；B. dreamed做梦；C. invited邀请；D. described描述。考查动词辨析题。be described as被描述成……；根据句意结构和语境，可知选D。
19. 句意：几个世纪以来，盐也很难买到。考查动词辨析题。A. sell售卖；B. get得到；C. take拿走；D. keep保持。根据下文Its usefulness, together with rarity made it very expensive. 盐很稀有，可知不易买到，故选B。
20. 句意：盐甚至可以像钱一样使用。考查名词辨析题。根据下文In fact, the word salary comes from the word salt.盐被当成薪水，可知是当钱使用的，故选A。
点睛：完型填空是难度最大的题。它集阅读理解、语法、词法、句法于一体。是考查语言综合运用的能力的一道题。解题的方法第一要带着空，通读文章，搞清事件发生的背景。紧紧抓住上下文语境所提供的信息,充分利用各种线索，语法知识,以及句子之间的关系，词的搭配，结合上下文背景语境，结合句意选择适合语境的选项。
VII.阅读理解
阅读A、B、C三篇材料，然后从各小题所给的四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Dear sir, I ordered a skirt from you last month, but there are some problems with it. First, the color is not as green as it is shown on your website. I understand that the picture does not always show the real color, but it should nor be that different. Second, I asked for Size M because it is the size I usually wear. But your Size M is so small that I have to give it to my younger sister. I think you should be more serious about your business. Truly Susan Rosen Dear Ms. Rosen, Thank you for telling us the problems with your order. We hope we can give you better service. We are sending
you another skirt with this letter. It is Size L, and its green color is brighter than the one you had. We hope you like it. Our office hours are 9:00 a.m.—5:00 p.m. Please call us if you have any more questions. Yours truly Victor Smith
21. Why did Susan Rosen write the letter?
A. To say sorry to her sister. B. To show the picture to Smith. C. To tell her problem to a friend. D. To talk about what she bought. 22. What did Victor Smith do for Susan Rosen?
A. He helped her cancel the order. B. He sent her a new skirt. C. He asked her to visit the office. D. He called her for another color. 【答案】21. D 22. B
【解析】试题分析：本文是两封信件，第一封是Susan Rosen讲述对订购的裙子不满的地方，第二封是Victor Smith先生给予相对应的解决方法和回复。
21.题意：Susan Rosen为什么写这封信？考查细节理解题。根据第一封信中I ordered a skirt from you last month,but there are some problems with it.可知，Susan Rosen写信主要是为了向Victor Smith说明她所买的东西以及问题，可知选D。
22. 题意：Victor Smith为Susan Rosen做了什么？考查细节理解题。根据第二封信中We are sending you another skirt with this letter.，可知送给她一条新裙子，故选B。
B
Edward rose early on the New-year morning. He looked in every room and wished a Happy New Year to his family. Then he ran into the street to repeat that to those he might meet.
When he came back, his father gave him two bright, new silver dollars .
His face lighted up as he took them. He had wished for a long time to buy some petty books that he had seen at the bookstore.
He left the house with a light heart, expecting to buy the books. As he ran down the street, he saw a poor family.
“I wish you a happy New Year.” said Edward, as he was happily passing on. The man shook his head. “You are not from this country? ” said Edward. The man again shook his head, for he could not understand or speak his language. But he pointed to his mouth, and to the children shaking with cold, as if (好像)to say, “These little ones have had nothing to eat for a long time”
Edward quickly understood that these poor people were in trouble. He took out his dollars, and gave one to the man and the other to his wife.
They were excited and said something in their language, which doubtless meant, “We thank you so much that we will remember you all the time.”
When Edward came home, his father asked what books he had bought. He hung his head a moment, but
quickly looked up.
“I have bought no books,” said he, “I gave my money to some poor people, who seemed to be very hungry then.” He went on, “I think I can wait for my books till next New Year.”
“My dear boy,” said his father, “Here are some books, more as a reward for your goodness of heart than as a New-Year gift”.
“I saw you give the money cheerfully to the poor German family. It was nice for a little boy to do so. Be
always ready to help others and every year of your life will be to you a Happy New Year.” 23. Edward expected to ________ with the money he got from his father.
A. help the poor family B. buy something to eat C. buy some pretty books D. learn another language 24. Why did the poor man shake his head when Edward spoke to him? A. He couldn’t understand the boy. B. He wouldn’t accept the money. C. He didn’t like the boy’s language. D. He was too cold to say anything. 25. How much did Edward give the poor family?
A. One dollar. B. Two dollars. C. Three dollars. D. Four dollars. 26. We know that Edward ________ from the passage.
A. got a prize for his kind heart B. had to buy his books next year C. bought the books at the bookstore D. got more money from his father 【答案】23. C 24. A 25. B 26. A
【解析】试题分析：本文主要记叙了一个叫Edward的小男孩，用父母给自己的两美元去帮助更需要的穷人。最后小男孩不仅从爸爸那得到了喜欢的书作为新年礼物并且还得到了比新年礼物更重要的奖励——他人的感谢。
23. 题意：爱德华想用从他父亲那儿得到的钱 。考查细节理解题。根据He had wished for a long time to buy some petty books that he had seen at the bookstore.
He left the house with a light heart, expecting to buy the books.，可知他想买书。故选C。 24. 题意：当爱德华跟他说话时，那个可怜的人为什么摇摇头？考查细节理解题。根据第六段第二句 The man again shook his head, for he could not understand or speak his language.，他听不懂那个男孩的意思，可知选A。
25. 题意：爱德华给了贫困家庭多少钱？考查细节理解题。根据第七段第二句 “He took out his dollars, and gave one to the man , and the other to his wife和 第二段When he came back, his father gave him two bright, new silver dollars，可知1+1=2，故选B。
26. 题意：我们从文章中知道爱德华因善良的心获得了一个奖项。考查细节理解题。根据最后父亲的话Here are some books, more as a reward for your goodness of heart than as a New-Year gift，可知选A。 点睛：对于阅读理解题，首先要粗读文章了解大意，其次通过细读，理解全文。在粗读的基础上，仔细阅读题后所给的题目，根据题目要求，再有重点地返回来仔细阅读。在阅读理解的题目中，所设问题主要有以下几种方式：找主题或概括文章的中心思想、就文中的具体事实和情节进行提问、根据文章的表层意思进行深层次的推理判断等，在细读时，要根据设问的方式，进行有侧重地阅读。1、概括文章中心思想。1)文首呈现主题句。2)文尾出现主题句。3)首尾呼应展现主题。4)文中表述主题。前面提出问题，文中的主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出，而后再做进一步的解释。5)文章没有主题句。在这种情况下，考生要把所有的细节综合起来。进行逻辑推理，概括归纳出文章的主题句。2.掌握文章的具体事实和重要情节。在考题中，经常会见到就文章中某一具体事实和重要情节进行测试的题目。这就要求考生在阅读时要注意辨认和记忆具体事实，重要情节，事物的起因、过程、结果及发生的地点、时间等，这些都有可能作为测试点。还有一些测试题，要求考生在理解的基础上，通过自己的思维将理解的内容系统化，比如计算、排序等题型。
C
DIY Your Own Desserts ◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆ We offer different kinds of classed to you all. A very popular class we are offering these 10 days is the class named “DIY Your Own Desserts”. Can you imagine how happy your beloved one will be happy when you give him/her your DIY desserts on the special days like birthday, Mother’s Day and Father’s Day? Come to our class and make your own desserts. Give your beloved one some surprises! The class runs daily and it is a completely hands-on personal cooking experience lasting up to 4 hours learning 3-4 recipes (食谱) each lesson. The teacher will first show how to cook different recipes in front of you. And then he will guide you on how to prepare and make the food. At the end of the class you can either eat the meal prepared during the class or take it home with you. What’s more, you’ll be able to take home the copies of all the recipes. Costs: ＄30 each lesson. You can start at any time. Go to our website to get more information about the class. You can either e-mail us or come to our office for attending it.
27. You can join the class if you like to ________.
A. offer some recipes B. teach how to cook C. make desserts yourself D. get some surprises 28. You will _________ in the class.
A. eat the meal with the teacher B. celebrate the special days C. learn 2-3 recipes each lessons D. have a hands-on experience 29. You will pay _________ for five lessons. A. ＄30 B. ＄60 C. ＄120 D. ＄150 30. How can you attend the class?
A. Make a phone call to them. B. Send them an e-mail. C. Get information from parents. D. Come to the class directly. 【答案】27. C 28. D 29. D 30. B
【解析】试题分析：本文是一篇广告，主要介绍了DIY Your Own Desserts课程的主要内容以及课程的费用和报名的方式。
27. 题意：如果你喜欢 ，你可以参加这个班。考查细节理解题。根据第二段中 Come to our class and make your own desserts.，可知选C。
28. 题意：在班里你会 。考查细节理解题。根据第三段中The class runs daily and it is a completely hands-on personal cooking experience lasting up to 4 hours learning 3-4 recipes each lesson. 在课堂上可以有亲身实践的烹饪经历，可知选D。
29. 题意：上五节课你将支付 元。考查数字理解题。根据$30 each lesson可知，五节课需要$150，故选D。
30. 题意：你怎么能参加这个班？考查细节理解题。根据You can either e-mail us or come to our office for attending it可知，可以通过发送邮件或直接去办公室报名参加，故选B。
D
“Volunteering makes you look at the world differently. You see how little things can change a person’s life for the better, which makes everyone a better person.” Mason, a volunteer said.
National Volunteer Week started in 1974 and is held every April. It is a time to thank volunteers for their achievements. It is also a perfect opportunity (机会) to encourage others to take their first step toward becoming a volunteer. Making the decision to take the first step can be the biggest problem, because they often wonder if they will be able to meet the organization’s expectations (期望). Some people fear not knowing anyone else in the group. Not having enough time also prevents some from sharing their abilities. The following tips can help if you have some of these worries.
★ Start out slowly, don’t add too much pressure. Even a few hours a month can make a big difference in someone’s life.
（真题）2018年河北省中考英语试题（含答案）
