《英语语言学概论》课程复习题集 (1-6章)
2012-5-16更新
Chapter I Introduction2012
II. Fill in each of the following blanks with one word which begins with the letter given:
1. If a linguistic study describes and analyzes the language people actually use, it is said to be d__escriptive_____.(prescriptive /lay down rules)
2. Chomsky defines “ competence”(语言能力) as the ideal user’s knowledge__________ of the rules of his language.
3. Langue(语言) refers to the a__bstract________ linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community while the parole is the concrete use of the conventions（惯例） and application of the rules.
43. D____uality_____ is one of the design features of human language which refers to the phenomenon that language consists of two levels: a lower level of meaningless individual sounds and a higher level of meaningful units.
5. Language is a system of a__rbitrary_______ vocal symbols used for human communication.
6. S ocialinguistics is the study of language in relation to society. 7. The discipline that studies the rules governing the formation of words into permissible sentences in languages is called s_yntax_______.
8. Human capacity for language has a g enetic___ basis, but the details of language have to be taught and learned.
9. Performance __(语言能力)__ refers to the realization of langue in actual use. 10. Findings in linguistic studies can often be applied to the settlement of some practical problems. The study of such applications is generally known as a__pplied______ linguistics.
11. Language is p___________ in that it makes possible the construction and interpretation of new signals by its users. In other words, they can produce and understand an infinitely large number of sentences which they have never heard be 12. Linguistics is generally defined as the s cientific____ study of language.
13. To help define and maintain interpersonal relations is the s ocial
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function of language.
III. There are four choices following each statement. Mark the choice that can
best complete the statement.
1. The description of a language in a fixed instant (时刻)is a _______ study. A. synchronic B. diachronic C. prescriptive D. systematic
2. The application of linguistics principles and theories to language teaching and learning is called _____. A. sociolinguistics
B. Psycholinguistics
C. computational linguistics D. Applied Linguistics
3. If a linguistic study describes and analyzes the language people actually use, it is said to be ______________.
A. prescriptive B. analytic C. descriptive D. linguistic
4. Which of the following is not a design feature of human language?
A. Arbitrariness B. Displacement C. Duality D. Meaningfulness 5. Modern linguistics regards the written language as ____________. A. primary B. correct C. secondary D. stable
6. In modern linguistics, speech is regarded as more basic than writing, because ___________.
A. in linguistic evolution, speech is prior to writing
B. speech plays a greater role than writing in terms of the amount of information conveyed.
C. speech is always the way in which every native speaker acquires his mother tongue D. All of the above
7. Many modern linguists have criticized traditional grammarians for adopting a _____ approach to language study.
A. synchronic B. diachronic
C. prescriptive D. descriptive
8. A historical study of language is a ____ study of language.
A. synchronic B. diachronic
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C. prescriptive D. comparative
9. According to F. de Saussure, ____ refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community.
A. parole B. performance C. langue D. Language
10. Language is said to be arbitrary because there is no logical connection between
_________ and meanings.
A. sense B. sounds C. objects D. ideas
11. Language can be used to refer to contexts removed from the immediate （当前）situations of the speaker. This feature is called_________, A. displacement B. duality C. flexibility D. cultural transmission
12. The distinction between langue and parole was made by _______ early last century.
A. American linguist N. Chomsky B. Swiss linguist F. de Saussure C. American linguist Edward Sapir D. British linguist J. R. Firth 13. The fact that different languages have different words for the same object is good proof that human language is .
A. arbitrary B. rational C. logical D. cultural
2. What are the main features of human language that have been specified by C. Hockett to show that it is essentially different from animal communication system?
Chapter 2：Phonology
II. Fill in each of the following blanks with one word which begins with the letter given:
27． Affricate_(破差音)_____ refers to a strong puff of air stream in the production of
speech sounds.
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28． A_rticulatory_（发音）________ phonetics describes the way our speech organs
work to produce the speech sounds and how they differ.
29． The four sounds /p/,/b/,/m/ and /w/ have one feature in common, i.e, they are all
b_ilabial_ sounds.
30．Of all the speech organs, the t _ongue___ is the most flexible, and is responsible
for varieties of articulation than any other.
31．English consonants can be classified in terms of manner of articulation or in terms
of p__lace_____ of articulation(发音部位).
32． When the obstruction created by the speech organs is total or complete, the
speech sound produced with the obstruction audibly （可听见的）released and the air passing out again is called a s__top______.
33． S_uprasegmental_(超音段)_______ features are the phonemic features that occur
above the level of the segments. They include stress, tone（音调）, intonation（语调）, etc.
34． The rules that govern the combination of sounds in a particular language are
called sequential (序列) ____ rules.
35． The transcription （标音）of speech sounds with letter-symbols only is called
broad transcription （宽式）while the transcription with letter-symbols together with the diacritics (变音符)is called narrow____ transcription. （严式） 36． When pitch, stress and sound length are tied to the sentence rather than the word
in isolation, they are collectively known as intonation_(语调)________. 37． P_honology__________ is a discipline which studies the system of sounds of a
particular language and how sounds are combined into meaningful units to effect linguistic communication.
38. If you say door, new, two, senior, zoo, you will notice that the first sounds in all these words are a_lveolar(齿龈音)______ sounds. The t and s are voiceless, and d, n and z are voiced. Only n is nasal.
39． The articulatory apparatus（器官） of a human being are contained in three
important cavities: the pharyngeal （咽腔）cavity, the oral(口腔)_______ cavity and the nasal cavity.
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40． T__one（音调）_____ are pitch （音调）variations, which are caused by the
differing rates of vibration（震动） of the vocal cords （声带）and which can distinguish meaning just like phonemes（音位）.
41． Depending on the context in which stress is considered, there are two kinds of
stress: word stress and s__entence_______ stress.
III. There are four choices following each of the statements below. Mark the
choice that can best complete the statement:
1. The study of the physical properties of speech sounds is called ________ phonetics. A. acoustic (声学)B. articulatory C. Auditory（听觉） D. allomorphic 2. The sound /f/ is _________________.
A. voiced palatal affricate B. voiced alveolar stop
C. voiceless velar fricative D. voiceless labiodental fricative（齿音，摩茶） 3． Of all the speech organs, the _______ is/ are the most flexible.
A. mouth B. lips C. tongue D. vocal cords
4．The sounds produced without the vocal cords vibrating are ____ sounds. A. voiceless B. voiced C. vowel D. consonantal 5．__________ is a voiced alveolar（齿龈） stop.
A. /z/ B. /d/ C. /k/ D./b/
6．The assimilation rule assimilates one sound to another by “copying” a feature of
a sequential phoneme, thus making the two phones ____________. A. identical B. same
C. exactly alike D. similar they can distinguish meaning, they are said to be ___________.
7. Since /p/ and /b/ are phonetically similar, occur in the same environments and A. in phonemic contrast （音位对立） B. in complementary distribution （同一音位的不同变体）C. the allophones（音位变体）D. minimal pair （对小对立体） 9. A ____ vowel is one that is produced with the front part of the tongue maintaining the highest position.
A. back B. central
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《新编简明英语语言学教程》1-6章复习题集
