高考能力测试构词法Word Formation
一．合成 Compounding 两个或更多的词合成一个词。
方式：1. 直接写在一起。 2. 用连字符(-)连接。 3. 由两个分开的词构成。 (1) 合成adj 方式 1 adj＋adj 2 adj＋n 例词 red-hot first-class, full-time, part-time (2)合成动词 构成方式 1 n＋v 2 adv＋v 3 adj＋v (3)合成n 构成方式 1 n＋n 2 adj＋n 3动名词＋n 4 v＋adv 5 adv＋v 例词 horseback , bank-note, newspaper, cellphone, back-yard, forehead, hiding place, reading-room get-off, break in, output, overflow 例词 day-dream overcome, upturn翻起 white-wash 3 adj＋现在分词 good-looking, free-thinking, 4 adj＋过去分词 ready-made 5 adj＋n-ed 6 n＋n-ed 7 n＋adj 8 n＋现在分词 9 n＋过去分词 10adv＋adj 11adv＋现在分词 12adv＋过去分词 13 num＋ n 14 num＋n+adj 15num＋过去分词 good-tempered, middle-aged, cold-blooded iron-willed world-famous, day-long beauty-loving, freedom-loving, job-hunting, man-made, water-covered, ever-green hard-working, far-seeing well-prepared, quickly-cured, well-known five-year five-year-old four-legged, six-storied (4)合成 adv however, maybe, wherever, whenever, forever (5)合成代词 whoever,, whatever, everyone, nobody, myself, something, anything, （6）合 成 介 词 inside在……里 后 缀 二、派生 Derivation 前缀 a- en- dis- un- 含义 使可能 例词 enrich, enable, enslave disappear, 例 词 central, industrial, national, natural European, American, Australian eastern, northern, southern reasonable, horrible, terrible, comfortable, forgettable, sensible careful, cheerful, grateful, faithful, childish, Swedish, selfish destructive, collective, active, creative, effective thirsty, dirty, windy, sunny, cloudy, healthy, funny careless, hopeless, helpless, homeless, sleepless, fearless, limitless golden, wooden, woolen courageous, famous, continuous, serious, various imaginary, revolutionary, secondary realistic, historic, poetic childlike, womanlike, manlike ignorant, significant, observant, important diligent, silent, excellent, frequent lively, friendly, lovely, weekly, brotherly, motherly childish, foolish 1
-al -an -ern -able -ful -ish -ive -y -less 形 容 -en 词 -ous -ary -ic 处在…… arise, aside, alone dishonest, 不，否定 dissatisfy, disorder, disagree 不，做相反动作 不，非 believable, unable, unknown, uncommon, uncomfortable, unfair, unclose, undress, uncover, untie inactive, incapable, inpatient, incorrect impossible, impersonal, impolite, immature, impractical irregular, irresponsible illogical, non-existent,non-interference, non-conductor, non-stop decentralize（分散）, defrost（解冻） in- im- ir- il- non- de- anti- mis- re co- ex tele super-
不，非 向相反方向发展 错误的，坏的 共同 以前的 远程 在上面，超反（对） anti-freeze, anti-fascist misdoings, misunderstand, misfortune -some troublesome, burdensome, lonesome, handsome -like -ant -ent -ly -ish 重复，再 rewrite, remarry, reunite, recycle, co-exist, co-operate, co-education ex-husband, ex-president telephone, telegraph, telescope supermarket, superpower, 级 under- inter- sub- trans- vice- semi- bi tri mul- kilo- 在……之下 相互，之间 下，次 underline, underestimate, underground, international, interact, inter-change subtitle, submarine, subcontinent, subconscious, 后 缀 例 词 realize, modernize, mechanize, criticize, widen, strengthen, lengthen, sharpen, widen, shorten, quicken, deepen Simplify, beautify, terrify, 例 词 slowly, quickly, carefully, loudly, happily, friendly -ize 动 -en 词 -fy 副 词
后 缀 -ly 过，穿过，transformation(变形), translate 变 副 半 两个 三个 vice-premier, vice-president semifinal, semicircle, semi-automatic bicycle, biennial两年一次的 triangle三角形, tricycle三轮脚踏车, triplets三胞胎 kilometre, kilogram -ward(s) forward, northward, backward, downward 多，多种 multiply, multi-national, multi-coloured 千 三、转化 Conversion: 指一个词不变化词形，而由一种此类转化为另一种词类或几种词类。
1. 名词和动词之间的转化telephone电话—打电话, mirror镜
子—像镜子一样反映, drink喝—饮料, record录音—记录, name, date, hand, study,
2. 形容词转化为动词 perfect完美的——使完善 3.名词转化为形容词(副词) front前面——前面的 4.形容词转化为名词 chief 主要的——首领
训练要旨：构词法是英语学习的一个重点，也是近年来常考的项目。特别是在词语辨析的综合运用中，对词汇掌握的要求越来越高。检测构词法，在阅读理解中，已不把这种词汇看作生词，而是把这类词的理解看作学生通过对构词法知识的学习，应该具备的一种能力。如有的生词，只要其词根是学生们该掌握的或熟悉的,只是加上了前缀或后缀，再者或是合成词等，命题人就认为不必再注出汉语注释。
1.That man was________enough not to tell the manager that he would not do the job.A.care B. careful C. careless Dcarelessness 2.The soldier died for saving the child，so his________ is heavier than Mount Tai. A. die B. dead C. died D. death 3.The child looked_______ at his brother who was badly wounded. A. sadly B. sadness C. sadly D. sad 4.He is an expert at chemistry. We all call him a ________. A. chemistry B. chemical C. chemis D. physician
5.The three- ________chair isn’t suitable for a young child. He may fall off. A. legging B .legged C. legs D.leged 6.Stephenson became the________railway engineer in the world. A. lead B. leader C. leading D. leadership 7.When the teacher praised him for working out the maths problem，Jack looked_______about at his classmates.
A.proud B.proudly C.pride D. pridely
8.To everyone’s ________, the girl finished the job quite well. A.satisfied B.satisfactory C.satisfying D.satisfaction 9.—What are you doing here? —Oh，my teacher asked me to write a passage about ________in English. —You can write______ _passage in English? A.600 words；a 600-words B.600-word；a 600-words
C.600 words；a 600-word D.600 words；a 600-words
10.No one should enter the spot without the________of the police. A.permit B.permission C.permitting D.permittence
11You must come with us to the police _______.Our head is waiting for you.A.headquarters B.headline C.headmaster D.headache 12.Letting that animal escape was no accident；you did it ________.A.intend B.intention C.intentionally D.intentional 13.The shop owner welcomed all the guests with a________smile. A.practice B.practise C.practical D.practiced 14.The_______ordered him to pay a $100 fine. A.judger B.judgment C.judge D.judgement
15.My TV is out of order.Can you tell me what is the________news about Iraq War? A.lately B.latest C.later D.latter 16.The Great Wall is more than 6000 li in ________. A.longer B.length C.long D.longing 17.To my ________，I passed the exam easily. A.joy B.joyful C.joyless D.joyness
18.Canada is mainly an________country. A.English-speaking B.speak-English C.spoken-English D.English-spoken 19.How________ he is! He is always acting________.He is really a ________.
A.foolish；foolishly；fool B.fool；foolish；fool C.foolish；fool；fool D.foolishly；foolish；fool
20.The necklace that she lost is very expensive.It’s of great ________. A.valuable B.value C.valueless D.unvaluable
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21.There were________fish in the river in South America. A.in danger B.danger C.dangerous D.dangerless 22.The letter “b” in the word “doubt” is________. A.sound B.silent C.silence D.sounded 23.The child looked at me________. A.stranger B.strangely C.strange D.strangeless
24.The black people were against slavery and fought for their________bravely. A.free B.freely C.freedom D.frees 25.What you said sounded________ but in fact it was untrue. A.reasonable B.reasonful C.reasonless D.unreason 26.We have to learn________technology from other countries. A.advance B.advancing C.advantage D.advanced 27.The children live in a village ________.They come here almost every day. A.nearby B.near C.nearly D.near by 28.Mr Black is an ________in the army，not an________in the government.You can not easily find him in his________. A .official；officer；office B.officer；office；official C.official；official；official D.officer；official；office 29.You’d better give up smoking if you want to keep ________.A.health B.healthy C.healthily D.healthier 30.________ speaking，I didn’t do it on purpose. A.Honestly B.Honest C.Honesty D.Dishonest 31.It sounds like a good plan，but there are some________difficulties in carrying it out.
A.practiced B.practical C.practice D.practicing
32.His father possesses a________factory，which does most of the pollution to this river.
A.paper-make B.paper-making C.papers-made D.paper-made
33.Marx left his homeland for some________reasons. A.politically B.politics C.political D.politician
34.It’s________to persuade him to give up smoking.He’s very stubborn.A.possible B.possibly C.impossible D.impossibility 35.Dan caught two________birds in the wood last week and they are still________in the cage.
A.alive；live B.live；live C.live；alive D.alive；alive
36.The doctor said that the old man’s condition was__and that they had tried their best. A.hope B.hoped C.hopeful D.hopeless 37.Ann felt so________that she could hardly open her eyes. A.sleepy B.asleep C.sleep D.sleeping 38.We stood there______at the_____sight.A.frightened；frightful B.frightening frightful C.fright；frightening D.frightful；fright 39.The doctor’s advice________him from drinking and smoking. A.encouraged B.couraged C.encouragement D.discouraged 40I’d like to buy a house,modern,comfortable and above all in a quiet_.A.neighbour B.neighbourhood C.neighbours Dneighbour’s Ⅱ.改错练习(每小题有一个构词法错误，请找出并更正)
1.The Milu deer are living in the wild in a natural park. 2.This blouse is fit for him at all.It’s too long and the color has run. 3.The possibly that the majority of the labor force will work at home is often discussed. 4.We must strength government of the people，by the people and for the people. 5.The sperm whale can dive to a deep of more than 1000 meters in the sea.
6.He is a very famous actress.He has played many important parts in different films.
7.Personal，I’d rather stay at home watching TV. 8.Because of her ill，she can’t go out for the sight-seeing.
9.Thank you for your describe of the conditions here. 10.It’s really dust in this room.It’s a long time since someone last lived in it. 11.We all don’t know how dark happens. 12.He opened the envelope，folded the letter and began to read it. 13.She offered us lots of value information，which played an important part in catching the thief. 14.We wish you a pleasure journey back home.
15.The captain made an apologize to the passengers for the delay caused by bad weather.
16.I wish that you could interview these journals who come. 17.Coral is not a plant but a various of animal life. 18.In my opinion，Harry is the most suitful person for the job. 19.The food was good but the serve was poor. 20.This meeting is of great important to all of us. 21.There comes a large collection of soldiers in the distant.
22.When he got to the destination，he was quite out of breathe. 23.Traditionally speaking，Russia is a Europe country. 24.“Actual”means“in fact”，and we can also use“as a matter of fact”.25.It is possible to persuade Adam to give up that decide. 26.The doctor said that the patience was comfortable after the operation.
27.Some people say that this new discover might change the whole society completely.
28.The Chinese government treasure the friendly between the people of two countries and we are waiting for a peaceful settlement
of this matter. 29.She was afraid of high and dared not jump out of the plane. 30.Her mother died of hungry after the flood. 31.I bet you are mistake this time.
32.The man said that he was merely a pass-by and that he didn’t watch the accident. 33.—Do you follow me? —Yes，perfect. 34.Personal possess of guns causes lots of troubles in the USA. 35.The greatest wealthy is being content with a little. 36.I believe our dream that humans will travel to and from the moon will come truth one day.
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构词法练习及其答案
