英语专业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编27
(总分：36.00，做题时间：90分钟)
一、 填空题(总题数：5，分数：10.00)
1.Corpus linguistics deals with the principles and practice of using 1in language study.(中山大学2005研) （分数：2.00）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：corpora） 解析：解析：语料库语言学指论述语言研究中使用语料的原理和实践。
2.In the Phases IV of CALL Development, instead of writing specific programs for language teaching, 1has adapted to language teaching by enabling students to compose and try out their own writings in a non-permanent form. （分数：2.00）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：word processing）
解析：解析：计算机运用到第二语言教学中的第四个阶段，文字处理不再是为语言教学编写具体的程序，而是适应语言教学，使学生用一种非永久性形式写作并能修改它们的作品。 3.MT can be divided into two types: 1and 2. （分数：2.00）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：unassisted MT，assisted MT） 解析：解析：机器翻译可以分为两类：不需要帮助的和需要帮助的。
4. 1a collection of linguistic data, either compiled as written texts or as a transcription of recorded speech. （分数：2.00）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：Corpus）
解析：解析：语料库是一个语言数据的集合，可以由书面文本构成，也可以由录音言语的转写本构成。 5. 1refers to the use of machine (usually computers) to translate texts from one natural language to another. （分数：2.00）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：Machine translation） 解析：解析：机器翻译是指使用机器将语篇从一个自然语言翻译至另一个自然语言。
二、 判断题(总题数：4，分数：8.00)
6.MT may commit those errors that no human translators would commit, such as wrong pronouns, wrong prepositions, garbled syntax, incorrect choice of terms, plurals instead of singulars. （分数：2.00） A.真 √ B.假
解析：解析：人们仍然能发现，有些错误是人工翻译不会出现的。例如，代词误用、介词误用、句法混乱、措辞不当、单数用成复数、时态错误等。
7.Around 1960, computer software is greatly improved and the first programming languages appeared. （分数：2.00） A.真 B.假 √
解析：解析：1960年前后，计算机硬件而不是软件得到了很大的改进，最早的编程语言出现了。 8.CAL especially refers to the use of a computer in the teaching or learning of a second or foreign language. （分数：2.00） A.真
B.假 √
解析：解析：CALL特别是指将计算机运用到第二语言或外语的教学中去，不是CAL。
9.Three types of knowledge are needed so that MT systems can be improved: semantics, pragmatics and common sense （分数：2.00） A.真 √ B.假
解析：解析：需要三种知识来改进机器翻译系统：①不依赖语境的语言学知识，即语义学；②依赖语境的语言学知识，有时称为语用知识，即语用学；③常识／真实世界的知识，即非语言学知识。
三、 名词解释(总题数：6，分数：12.00)
10.CAL(大连外国语学院2008研) （分数：2.00）
__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：CAL is short for Computer-assistant Learning. It emphasizes the use of a computer in both teaching and learning in order to help the learners to achieve educational objectives through their own reasoning and practice, a reflection of newly advocated autonomous learning. The first kind of CAL programs which were developed reflected principles similar to programmed instruction the computer leads the student through learning task step-by-step, asking questions to check comprehension. Depending on the student's response, the computer gives the student further practice or progresses to new material.) 解析：
11.CAI and CAL (武汉大学2008研) （分数：2.00）
__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：Computer-assisted instruction (CAI) means the use of a computer in a teaching program. This includes: a. A teaching program which is presented by a computer in a sequence. The student responds on the computer, and the computer indicates whether the responses are correct or incorrect. b. The use of computers to monitor student progress, to direct students into appropriate lessons, material, etc. This is also called computer-managed instruction. Parallel to CAI, there is CAL (Computer-Assistant Learning). The former aims at seeing educational problems on the part of the teacher, whereas the latter emphasizes the use of a computer in both teaching and learning in order to help the learner achieve educational objectives. The first kind of CAL programs which were developed reflected principles similar to programmed instruction. The computer leads the student through learning task step-by-step, asking questions to check comprehension. Depending on the student's response, the computer gives the student further practice or progresses to new material (see branching). In more recent CAL courseware students are able to interact with the computer and perform higher-level tasks while exploring a subject or problem.) 解析：
12.CALL (人大2006研) （分数：2.00）
__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：CALL: It is the abbreviation of computer-assisted language learning, which refers to the use of a computer in the teaching or learning of a second or foreign language. In this kind of CALL programs, the computer leads the student through a learning task step-by-step, asking question to check comprehension. Depending on the student's response, the computer gives the student further practice or progresses to new material.) 解析：
13.corpus linguistics (南开大学2004研) （分数：2.00）
__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：Corpus linguistics: an approach to investigating language structure and use through the analysis of large databases to real language examples stored on computer. Issues amenable to corpus linguistics include the meanings of words across registers, the distribution and function of grammatical forms and categories, the investigation of lexicon-grammatical associations, and issues in language acquisition and development.) 解析：
14.Concordance(北航2010研) （分数：2.00）
__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：Concordance; The computer has the ability to search for a particular word, sequence of words, or perhaps even a part of speech in a text. The computer can also retrieve all examples of a particular word. It can also calculate the number of occurrences of a certain word so that information on the frequency of the word may be gathered. We may also be interested in sorting the data in some way—for example, alphabetically on words occurring in the immediate context of the word. This is usually referred to as concordance.) 解析： 15.Corpus （分数：2.00）
__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：Corpus is a collection of linguistic data, either compiled as written texts or as a transcription of recorded speech. The main purpose of a corpus is to verify a hypothesis about language—for example, to determine how the application of a particular sound, word, or syntactic construction varies.) 解析：
四、1 举例说明题(总题数：3，分数：6.00)
16.Read the following quote from Chomsky. What do you think about Chomsky's criticism and the revival of corpus linguistics? (中山大学2005研)It seems clear that the description which is of greatest psychological relevance is the account of competence, not that of performance, for anyone concerned with intellectual processes, or any question that goes beyond mere data arranging, it is the question of competence that is fundamental. . ..These rather obvious comments apply directly to study of language, child or adult. This it is absurd to attempt to construct a grammar that describes observed linguistic behaviour directly, . . . a direct record—an actual corpus—is almost useless as it stands, for linguistic analysis of any but the most superficial kind. . . . （分数：2.00）
__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：Regarding linguistics as a branch of psychology, Chomsky insisted that what should be studied is linguistic competence, not performance. As he has claimed, the description of language performance only tells what is there, and is very inadequate in telling why language performs in the way as it does, or rather, how the intellectual processes affects it. What's more, language performance is more than often degenerated; there are false statements, hesitations, and so on. Therefore, the corpus linguistics which is based on the language performance is somewhat distorted from the goal of linguistics. Because, according to Chomsky, what linguistics is aimed for, should be the discovering of the constants, the general principle which all languages are constructed and operated as systems of communication in societies in which they are used. Therefore, he suggested the construction of universal grammar, which is the ideal knowledge of language,
英语专业(语言学)历年真题试卷汇编27
