专业英语考试
一、 单词、短语中译英(10题，每题1分，共10分)
(1) 无机化学；(2)有机化学；(3)分析化学；(4)物理化学；(5)元素，原子，电子; (6)离子，分子；(7)官能团；(8)氧化，还原；(9)烷基，疑基；(10)亲核试剂，亲电 试剂。
答案：
(1 ) inorganic chemistry; (2) organic chemistry; (3) analytical chemistry; (4) physical chemistry; (5) element, atom, electron; (6) ion, molecule; (7) functional group; (8) oxidation, reduction; (9) alkyl, hydroxyl; (10) nucleophile, electrophile
二、 单词、短语英译中(20题，每题1分，共20分)
(1) structural formula; (2) nucleophilic substitution reaction; (3) kinetics, thermodynamics; (4) alkane, alkene; (5) chloride ion; sodium ion; (6) chemical equation; stoichiometry (7) energy, heat, work; (8) pure substance, mixture; (9) gas，liquid, solid; (10) nomenclature； (11) reactant, intermediate, product; (12) system, surrounding; (13) carbon dioxide; (14) sulfuric acid; (15) carbohydrate; (16) amino acid; (17) Lewis acid and base; (18) qualitative and quantitative analysis; (19) precipitation titration, neutralization titration; (20) high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
答案：
(1)结构式；(2)亲核収代反应；(3)动力学，热力学；(4)烷绘，烯炷；(5)氯离子， 钠离子；(6)化学方程式，计算法；(7)能量，热，功；(8)纯净物，混合物；(9)气体， 液体，固体；(10)命名法；(11)反应物，屮间体，产物；(12)体系，环境；(13)二氧化 碳；(14) H2SO4; (15)碳水化合物;(16)氨基酸；(17)路易斯酸和碱；(18)定性和定量 分析；(19)沉淀滴定，中和滴定；(20)高效液相色谱法。
三、将下列单词或词组与其定义或性质描述一一对应。（16题，每题1分，共16分）
(1) (2) (3) D G K A (5) (6) (7) (8) M B F J (9) (10) (11) (12) C E I L (13) (14) (15) (16) N H 0 P (4) (1) chemical bond; (2) functional group; (3) nonbonding electrons; (4) amorphous solid; (5) melting point; (6) instrumental analysis; (7) absolute error; (8) pipet; (9) atomic orbital; (10) bond dissociation energy; (11) electrolyte; (12) aromatic hydrocarbons; (13) isomer; (14) condensation; (15) miscibility； (16) alkyl group. is a substance in which the atoms, molecules, or ions have a random and nonrepetitive three-dimensional arrangement.
relies upon optical, electrochemical, and other physical or physicochemical properties of samples. is the region in which an electron with a specific energy will most probably be located. a force that acts strongly enough between two atom or groups of atoms to hold them together in a different species that has measurable properties? is the enthalpy per mole required to break exactly one bond of the same type per molecule. is the difference between the observed value and the accepted value? a chemically reactive group atom or group of atoms that imparts characteristic properties to the family of organic compounds containing it. is the movement of molecules from the gaseous phase to the liquid phase. pure substance and substance which in solution conduct electricity by the movement of ions are called ? designed for the transfer of known volumes of liquid from one container to anther. valence electrons that are not used for bonding. A pair of them is often called a lone pair. arc unsaturated compounds with planar ring system stabilized by delocalized n bonding ? is the temperature at which the solid and liquid phases of a substance are at equilibriu m. Compounds that difler in molecular structure but have the same molecular formula are called ? The mutual solubility of two substances in the same phase is known as ? The group of atoms remaining after a hydrogen atom is removed from an alkane, an alkane-like substituent. Symbolized by R? 四、 化合物名称英译中或中译英。(7题，每题2分，共14分) (1)甲烷；(2)乙烯;(3)3-hexyne; (4) 1-butyne; (5) 2-methylpropene; (6) 1,3,5-tribromobenzene; (7) 2,3?二甲基丁烷. 五、 英语短文翻译(4题，每题10分，共40分) 1 All of the sciences overlap extensively with chemistry: they depend upon it and, in large measure, are based upon it. By that I mean that chemistry is really a part of all of the natural sciences, an a person cannot go very far in any science without some knowledge of chemistry. It would be possible to be a chemist without much knowledge of astronomy or physiology, but certainly, one could not make great progress in astronomy or physiology without some understanding of chemistry. A knowledge of chemistry is essential in other scientific fields as well. Agriculturists, engineers and medical doctors use chemical concepts constantly. Chemistry is concerned with the composition of matter and the changes in composition which undergoes ---- in brief, chemistry is the science of matter. Physics is concerned chiefly with energy and with the interactions of matter and energy, including energy in such forms as heat, light, sound, electricity, mechanical energy, and nuclear energy? All changes in the composition of matter either release or absorb energy and for this reason the relationship between chemistry and physics is a most intimate one? We think of any change in which the composition of matter changes as a chemical change? For example, if you pour vinegar on baking soda in a glass vessel, you will see bubbles of gas escaping and the liquid will become warm as energy is released? When the bubbling stops, you can evaporate the liquid by boiling it, until finally only a white powder remains. But this white powder is not the original baking soda? It is a new substance with new characteristics? For example, it won't give off bubbles if you point vinegar on it. This new material is different in composition from either of the materials which you originally mixed together. A chemical change has taken place. By contrast, a physical change does not involve a change in the composition of matter. The melting of ice or the stretching of a rubber band are physical changes. It is often impossible to say whether a particular change is chemical or physical. Happily, it is not usually necessary to make a clear distinction between the two. 2、 Alkyl and aryl halides (RX, ArX), alcohols (ROH), phenols (ArOH), ethers (ROR), where the R/s may be the same or diflerent), and amines (primary, RNH2, and secondary, R2NH, or tertiary, R3N, in which the R?s may be the same or different) contain the following functional groups in which there arc only single bonds: -X, -OH, -OR, and NH2, -NHR, -NR3. Alcohols arc classified as primary, secondary, or tertiary depanding on whether the carbon atom to which the OH group is attached is primary, secondary, or tertiaiy. Alcohols exhibit hydrogen bonding and those with low molecular masses are miscible with water. Phenols are weak acids? Ethers tend to be un-reactive, and low molecular mass ethers are often used as solvents. The amines are organic bases? Nomenclature for functional groups with single bonds: (1) alkyl or aryl halides (RX or ArX) methyl bromide (bromomethane), methyl iodide (iodomethane), ethyl bromide (bromoethane), propyl bromide (1-bromopropanc), propyllcnc dibromidc (1,2-dichloropropanc), vinyl chloride (chloroethene), chlorobenzene? (2) alcohols (ROH) and phenols (ArOH) In the IUPAC system of nomenclature, the name is derived from the longest hydrocarbon chain that includes the OH group by dropping the final -e and adding ?ol, as in methanol, ethanol, and cyclohcxanol. When necessary, a number is used to show the position of the OH group. Numbering starts at the end of the chain nearest to the OH group, e. G methyl alcohol (methanol), ethyl alcohol (ethanol), propyl alcohol (1-propanol), isopropyl alcohol (2-propanol), 2-butanol, cyclopentanol, tert-butyl alcohol. 3、 Laboratory Safety Rules (1) Follow Direction Exactly and Completely The directions have been carefiilly designed to avoid all accidents? Deviation from these direction may cause injury to you or your neighbor. (2) When in Doubt Ask Your Instructor Your instructor is in the laboratory to answer any questions that come up in the course of the quarterns work. (3) Do not Perform Unauthorized Experiments
专业英语考试初稿A.docx
