Unit1 Sportsmanship: It is the ability to practise a sport according to its rules, while also showing generosity to one’s opponent and good temper in defeat.
2. Traditionally, an Englishman is thought to be reserved, unemotional, courteous, shy of strangers, suspicious of change, and slow to accept new ideas.
3. It is the ability to practise a sport according to its rules, while also showing generosity to one’s opponent and good temper in defeat. Moreover, sportsmanship as an idea is applied to life in general.
The pioneering spirit: Except for the brought from Africa, immigrants came to America voluntarily, early in search of greater prosperity and freedom.
Rags-to-riches: It is story about a poor boy who, because he was hardworking, honest, and lucky, grew up to become rich and respected.
American dream: The belief that any individual, no matter how poor, can achieve weather and fame through diligence and virtue.
1. Traditionally, individualism, independence and
collaboration, practice, tolerance, melting pot and racial discrimination are the character of Americans.
3. The American Dream is the belief that any individual, no matter how poor, can achieve wealth and fame through diligence and virtue.
Unit 2 Key concepts Five relationshipsFive relationships: ruler-minister, father-son, husband-wife, elder-younger brother and friend-friend.
Humanism Humanism means that man not only had the right to enjoy the beauty of their life, but also had the ability to perfect themselves and perform wonders.
Individualism An individualism culture is one in which people tend to view themselves ad individuals and to emphasize the needs of individuals.
Collectivism A collectivism culture is one in which people tend to view themselves as members of groups (families, work units, tribes, nations), and usually consider the needs of the group to be more important than the needs of individuals.
Comprehension questions
1. According to Confucianism, what are the five cardinal
relationships in Chinese society and what should these relationships be
That is the well-known five relationships: ruler-minister, father-son, husband-wife, elder-younger brother and friend-friend. This was explained as\There should be affection between man and wife, stratification between old and young, and good faith between friends.\
2. What is the difference between collectivism and
individualism
Firstly, westerns tend to believe that people should rely on themselves as much as possible- and they usually expect other people to do the same. So they don't think they have the obligation to help family members and friends during emergency situations. In contrast, people in collectivist cultures generally feel that they have a right to help other members of their groups.
Secondly, westerns generally feel that the rights of individuals should not be subordinated to the needs of a larger
group, or at least that individuals should have the right to decide for themselves whether to sacrifice their personal benefit for the sake of the group. In contrast, people in collectivist cultures are generally more willing to accept the idea that individuals should sacrifice for the benefit of the group.
Thirdly, westerners tend to believe that individuals should make decisions for themselves, and that individuals should take credit and responsibility for what they have personally done. In contrast, people in collectivist cultures tend to feel more that they are representatives of their group, and to accept more responsibility for the other members of their groups too. A final difference lies in the way people in different cultures view the idea of \Westerners tend to view individualism as a good thing. In contrast, the Chinese term for \often has a somewhat negative connotation, and is sometimes used as a synonym for \ Unit3 Nuclear family: include a husband, a wife and their children
Extended family: adult couples are expected to form their own
household with either of their biological families.
2. Because they desire a close and intense bond with their partners，they expect so much from marriage that so many get divorced
Impermanence: the property of not existing for indefinitely long durations.
Stable: resistant to change of position or condition Connection vs. contract: relationship
4. ①Chinese are likely to react more to the other person as a whole and will avoid forming friendships with those values and behaviors are in some way deemed undesirable. ②In China a friend is accepted completely or not at all ③Chinese friends give each other much more concrete help and assistance than Western friends do.
①American have casual, friendly relationships with many people, but deeper, closer friendships with only a few. ②American friendships tend to be very compartmentalized. ③American friendships is mostly a matter of providing emotional support and spending time together.
大学英语跨文化交际教程课后答案(全)
