学习资料
Unit 1 Ways of Learning
? Pair Work
1. What were the author and his wife doing in Nanjing in the spring of 1987?
They were studying arts education in Chinese kindergartens and elementary schools in Nanjing.
2. What was their son Benjamin fond of doing during their stay at the Jinling Hotel?
Their 18-month-old son Benjamin was fond of trying to place the key into the slot of the key box during their stay at the Jinling Hotel.
3. How would Chinese staff members of the hotel respond to Benjamin’s attempt to
the key into the slot?
They would come over to watch Benjamin and then try to teach him how to do it properly.
4. Why did the author decide to work the key-slot anecdote into his discussions with
Chinese educators?
Because he realized that this anecdote was directly relevant to their assigned tasks in China: to investigate early childhood education and to throw light on Chinese attitudes toward creativity.
5. What did his Chinese collegues think of the key-slot incident?
Most of them displayed the same attitude as the staff at the Jinling Hotel.
6. What did the author emphasize in presenting his views about the incident?
He emphasized that the most important thing is to teach the child that on can solve a problem effectively by oneself.
7. What does the author emphasize in presenting his views about the incident?
He means that this incident pointed to important differences in educational and artistic practices between China and the USA.
8. In what way does the author associate the key-slot incident with “teaching by
holding his hand”?
The manner in which the Chinese staff saw the need to teach the child by guiding his hand in the characteristic of a broader attitude to education, one that stands in contrast to the Western preference for leaving the child to explore and learn unaided.
9. What examples does the author give to illustrate childhood education in the arts in
China?
One example is of children at the age of 5 or 6 painting flowers, fish and animals skillfully and confidently; in a second example, calligraphers 9 and 10 years old were producing works; and in a third, young artists work on perfecting their craft for several hours a day.
10. How do Americans and Chinese differ in their attitudes to creativity?
Americans think that unless creativity has been acquired early, it may never emerge, and skills can be picked up later. Chinese think that if skills are not acquired early, they may never be acquired, and there is no hurry to promote creativity.
11. What makes them take different positions on the question of creativity?
This is mainly due to the difference in their way of thinking.
12. What suggestion goes the author make about seeking a better approach to
fostering skills and creativity?
The author makes the suggestion that we should strike a better balance between the poles of creativity and basic skills. 精品文档
学习资料
? Vocabulary
1、 To use the machine, first insert the correct coins, then select the drink you want and press the
button.
如何使用这种自动售货机，首先要真确插入硬币，然后选则你要的饮料，最后按下按钮。
2、 Professor Smith translated not only from the French but also, on occasion , from the Polish.
Smith教授不仅仅翻译法语，有时候，他也会翻译波兰语。
3、 Food chemists will investigate the health food on sale to see if it really does give the benefits
claimed.
食物学家们将要调查研究市面上出售的保健视频，来看看是否他们真正含有他们宣传所宣称拥有的营养。
4、 In retrospect , it was the wrong time to open a new data processing center in this city.
回顾往昔，在那个时候在这个城市创立一个新的数据处理中心是个错误的时机。
5、 My initial reaction to the news was relief, but as I thought more about it I began to feel angry.
听到这则消息，我起初的反应是放松，不过当我再去想它时，我开始感到气愤了。
6、A full understanding of mathematics is sufficient to explain a wide variety of natural phenomena.
充分掌握数学，就可以充分解释各种各样的自然界的现象。
7、 Make sure the label is firmly attached to the parcel before you mail it.
当你要寄包裹时，一定要确保标签已经牢牢地粘在包裹上了。
8、 My boyfriend bought me dinner to make up for being late the day before.
我男朋友为我买了一顿晚餐，来弥补昨天的迟到。
9、 The committee is awaiting a decision from the head office before it takes any action.
这个委员会在采取行动前，正在等待首席办公室的决定。
10、The little girl did not seem to be in the lest frightened of being left by herself in the house.
这个小女孩至少看上去不像怕被一个人留在家里。
11、The WTO is intended to promote trade among its member states.
世贸组织意图促进各成员国见的贸易。
12、When the moon emerged from behind the clouds I made out a figure moving in the distance.
当月亮从云彩后面出现时，我辨认出了远处那个移动的人地身影。
1、 Chinese isn’t a subject that can be picked up in a month. You can’t accomplish your goal
of mastering the language unless you work at it for years. It sounds as if I am exaggerating the difficulties, but the fact is I’m only telling the truth.
中文并不是一门可以在一个月内学会的学科。除非你多年学习，否则你不可能在短时期内掌握它。听上去好像我夸大了中文的难度，但是事实上我阐述的都是事实。
2、 The principal is somewhat disappointed with performance of the children, From what she
has gathered, some of the teaching staff have neglected their pupils. She has just announced that strict work regulations have been made and that applied to both Chinese and overseas teachers.
校长对孩子们的表现不太满意，她对一些教员对学生的忽视不满。她宣称严格的工作规定制度不仅仅适用于中国老师也适用于海外老师。
3、 The teacher-directed and the child-directed approaches to teaching art represent two extremes of
opinion. Too many teacher-directed activities cannot be expected to effectively assist children in learning because of the rigid structure. On the other hand , too many child-directed activities may see a curriculum that is totally unstructured and out of control. There are valid reasons to believe a teacher-guided approach would be a superior way to guide children’s development. This approach combines some form of structure with the child leading the direction.
指导老师和孩子定向方法教学艺术代表两个极端的意见。不能指望太多老师指导活动有效地协助儿童因为刚性结构的学习。另一方面，太多的针对儿童的活动可能会看到一种课程，是完全非结构化和控制。有充分的理由相信一个老师指导的方法将是一种高级的方法来指导儿童发展。这种方法结合儿童主导方向的某种形式的结构。
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学习资料
? Cloze
Is there a contrast between learning styles in China and the West? While we should be careful to avoid exaggerating the differences, they do appear to exist. In China, for example, greater priority is given to developing skills at an early age. The Americans, on the other hand , place more emphasis on prompting creativity in young children, leaving them to pick up skills later. American parents tend to avoid rushing in to assist their children as they try to accomplish a task, thinking it better that children should learn to solve problems by themselves. Such an approach can, on occasion , be mistaken for neglecting one’s parental duties by those more used to “teaching by holding the hand,” Both approaches have their disadvantages as well as advantages, and it may well be worthwhile to search for a superior method that would combine the best of both worlds.
中国与西方的学习方式有什么区别吗？尽管我们试图去避免夸大他们之间的不同时，但是不同还是存在的。 例如，在中国，人们优先考虑的是在早年进行技艺的学习。另一方面，美国人更加注重小孩子的创造力的发展，然后才是技艺的学习。但孩子们在完成某件事情时，美国的父母认为孩子们应该学会自己解决问题，他们会尽量避免早早地向孩子们提供帮助。有时，这个方法会让那些经常“手把手教育”的父母误会这些父母在消极怠工。这两种方法都有他们的可取之处和不好的地方，也许，找到一个将二者合二为一的办法能更好。
? Ttanslation
1、背离传统需要极大的勇气。（departure，enormous）
It takes an enormous amount of courage to make a departure from the tradition.
2、汤姆过去很腼腆，但这次却非常勇敢能在大庭广众面前上台表演了。（performance，bold）
Tom used to be very shy, but this time he was bold enough to give a performance in front of a large audience.
3、很多教育家认为从小培养孩子的创新精神是很可取的。（creative，desirable）
Many educators think it desirable to foster the creative spirit in the child at an early age.
4、假设（assume）那幅画确实是名作（masterpiece），你觉得值得购买吗？（worthwhile）
Assuming that this painting really is a masterpiece, do you think it’s worthwhile to buy it?
5、如果这些数据统计是站得住脚的，那它将会帮助我们认识正在调查的问题。（throw light on，investigate
valid）
If the data is statistically valid, it will throw light on the problem we are investigating.
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最新全新版大学英语第二册unit1(成人专升本)期末考试复习资料教学教材
