photoshop基础教程（初学者使用）

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guarantee for the great struggle. This aspects XI General Secretary of speech main including exercise thrift, against extravagance mass line is party of lifeline and fundamental work route accurate grasp party of mass line education practice activities of guideline and target requirements set and develop \e strict three real\put power shut into system of cage in using history wisdom advance anti-corruption construction in-depth advance style clean government and anti-corruption struggle develop nail nail of spirit, a Zhang good of blueprint worked to... 9. other aspects. 18 big yilai, XI General Secretary also respectively on diplomatic, and military, and ecological construction, aspects published has important speech, covers has construction ecological civilization, and advance defense and army modern, and rich \o systems\ctice and advance country unified, and go peace development road, and promoted building new powers relationship, and go good around diplomatic work, and strengthening and developing countries solidarity cooperation, and active participation multilateral affairs, and science of thinking and work method, many aspects. XI Jinping, Secretary of a series of important speeches, and further enrich and develop the party's theory, line, principles and policies, the party puts forward new requirements for more contemporary features, the latest achievement of Marxism in China, is a guide to persisting and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics. Four methods. o address the relationship between comprehensive and focused on science. In the process of learning, we should follow as a good study and carry out the \n\e collaborative learning; and with their own jobs, focus research and understanding spirit, grasp the potential requirements. For example, every party member should be according to the various branches of learning program, an article does not go into a link, no leakage of conducting a comprehensive study, and combined with their own duties and responsibilities, be focused and targeted Geoscience. Like, leaders to highlight learning XI on ruling acting political know of deep love of cut dry in practice go in forefront of river new language out poverty XI on coordination advance \cerpts XI on full deepening reform discusses excerpts XI on full law ruling discusses excerpts 18 big yilai XI on major economic problem discusses excerpts, discipline to highlight learning XI on strict party of discipline and rules discusses excerpts XI Jinping, on the construction of clean and honest Government and fight against corruption discussed excerpts, technology to highlight the learning of the XI Jinping on technological innovation and discusses excerpts, XI Jinping, education should highlight the important excerpts of work on education and so on. To address the relation between stage and often science. Phase has the advantage of time to focus on fast, to highlight the theme, focused, result; often learn the advantages of flexible fit, form, subtle, continues to状涂刷）、 Tight Curl（紧密卷曲）、 Tight

Curl Long（紧密卷曲且长）、 Loose Curl（稀松卷曲）和 Loose Curl Long（稀松卷曲且长）。

（2）Area(区域）：用于设置绘制所覆盖的像素范围，数值越大，画笔覆盖的像素范围就越大，反之就越小。

（3）Tolerance(容差）：用于设置绘图时所应用的像素范围。

4、恢复图像

在编辑图像的过程中，只要没有保存图像，都可以将图像恢复至打开时的状态。方法是单击File/revert命令或按F12键即可。

注：若在编辑过程中进行了图像保存，则执行Revert命令后，恢复图像至睛次保存的画面，并将未经保存的编辑数据丢弃。

六、填充和描边

1、选取范围填充

使用Fill（填充）命令对选取范围进行填充，是制作图像的一种常用手法。该命令类似于油漆桶工具，可以在指定区域内填入指定的颜色，但与油漆桶工具有所不同，Fill命令除了能填充颜色之外，还可以填充图案和快照内容。

填充方法:单击Edit/fill命令.在某些方面Fill对话框中设置各项.各项功能如下:(1)Contents（内容）：在Use下拉列表中可选择要填

充的内容。如可选择Foreground Color（前景色）、Background Color（背景色）、Pattern(图案）、History（历史记录）、Black(黑色）、

50%Gray(灰色）以及White(白色）。当选择Pattern方式填充时，对话框中的custom Pattern下拉列表框会被激活，从中可选择用户定义的图案

进行填充。（2）Blending(混合）：用于设置不透明度（Opacity)和色彩混合模式（Mode).(3)Preserve Transparency(保留透明区域）：对图

层进行填充颜色时，可以保留透明的部分不填入颜色。该复选框只有对透明的图层进行填充时有效。

2、选取范围描边

使用Stroke(描边）命令可以在选取范围或图层周围绘制出边框。Stroke(描边）命令的操

eepen. In General, periodic high priority on learning, easy to grasp and practice: recurrent learning factors, long time, prone to \ning programmes are explicitly required to learn education is not an event, but to highlight the normal education, differentiated levels, heart, catch a fine practice, the real party's ideological and political construction in the everyday, often. This requires that we do a good job phase focused learning based on knowledge contests, comments on rewards in the form, pay special attention to recurring studies. To handle the relationship between solid strong to learn and a lot to learn. For any unit or individual, objectively speaking, in the process of carrying out the party Constitution Party rules and spirit, there is a problem with strong and weak, which we need to pay attention to the actual learning content, and handle the relationship between solid strong to learn and a lot to learn. On one hand, we must always keep a humble attitude, good deal, Continuethe hardening. The other hand, always keep the spirit of energetic, pegged to the weak link to find gaps, fill the short Board. Short Board issues should not be underestimated, the saying goes, have short Board, add a short. This tells us, there are weaknesses shortcomings and do not be afraid, fear is a blind eye and not to repair, the result is poor is worse and the weak weaker. United States politics home zhamusi, and Wilson and prevention crime learn experts qiaozhikailin proposed has a famous of broken window theory, that, if a building House has a fan window of glass broken has, and this fan Windows no get timely repair, others on May to broke more of window glass, time a long, these damaged of window on to people caused a disorder, and matter of feel, results in this mass errors think no attention, and no management of atmosphere Xia, some bad culture, and violations behavior on will breeding and spread. Reality life in the is such, clean of wall Shang, suddenly was posted has aZhang ad, if didn't people management, not out days this wall Shang on will appeared greatly small many of advertising; private take mess built phenomenon is so, began circle a small block to built a small shed put things, if didn't people timely stop, he on dare built a hut live people, time long has didn't people tube, wants to tube Shi on difficult has. Therefore, the solid strong is important, a lot to learn is also important. Third, key, grasp the learning objective of education is to train a qualified party member \on to its core essence is learning and doing. Learning and doing are mutually reinforcing, if optical can't do, study leave, real learning deficiency, while sweating, wind and water, \ng white\came \nd not the mules\ning party rules did not comply with the party Constitution, address the learning series is not used, instead, learn and do, imagine this \ng\do you meet the eligibility requirements of party members. Therefore, the \c learning, the key is in use, do, line. In particular, is a qualified party members to grasp the following three points. To strengthen \guarantee for the great struggle. This aspects XI General Secretary of speech main including exercise thrift, against extravagance mass line is party of lifeline and fundamental work route accurate grasp party of mass line education practice activities of guideline and target requirements set and develop \e strict three real\put power shut into system of cage in using history wisdom advance anti-corruption construction in-depth advance style clean government and anti-corruption struggle develop nail nail of spirit, a Zhang good of blueprint worked to... 9. other aspects. 18 big yilai, XI General Secretary also respectively on diplomatic, and military, and ecological construction, aspects published has important speech, covers has construction ecological civilization, and advance defense and army modern, and rich \o systems\ctice and advance country unified, and go peace development road, and promoted building new powers relationship, and go good around diplomatic work, and strengthening and developing countries solidarity cooperation, and active participation multilateral affairs, and science of thinking and work method, many aspects. XI Jinping, Secretary of a series of important speeches, and further enrich and develop the party's theory, line, principles and policies, the party puts forward new requirements for more contemporary features, the latest achievement of Marxism in China, is a guide to persisting and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics. Four methods. o address the relationship between comprehensive and focused on science. In the process of learning, we should follow as a good study and carry out the \n\e collaborative learning; and with their own jobs, focus research and understanding spirit, grasp the potential requirements. For example, every party member should be according to the various branches of learning program, an article does not go into a link, no leakage of conducting a comprehensive study, and combined with their own duties and responsibilities, be focused and targeted Geoscience. Like, leaders to highlight learning XI on ruling acting political know of deep love of cut dry in practice go in forefront of river new language out poverty XI on coordination advance \ategy layout discusses excerpts XI on full deepening reform discusses excerpts XI on full law ruling discusses excerpts 18 big yilai XI on major economic problem discusses excerpts, discipline to highlight learning XI on strict party of discipline and rules discusses excerpts XI Jinping, on the construction of clean and honest Government and fight against corruption discussed excerpts, technology to highlight the learning of the XI Jinping on technological innovation and discusses excerpts, XI Jinping, education should highlight the important excerpts of work on education and so on. To address the relation between stage and often science. Phase has the advantage of time to focus on fast, to highlight the theme, focused, result; often learn the advantages of flexible fit, form, subtle, continues to 作方法与Fill命令的操作方法基本相同，在执行此

命令之前先选取一个范围或选中一个已有内容的图层（注，如果当前所选图层是Background层，则必须先选取范围），然后单击Edit/Stroke命令。

第七讲控制图像色彩和色调一、图像色调控制

对图像的色调进行控制主要是对图像明暗度的调整。调整图像的色调，一般可以使用LevelsAuto、Levels Auto、Contrast和Curves命令来

完成。

1、色调分布状况

Photoshop提供了色调分布的统计功能，可以查看整个图像或图像某个选取范围中的色调分布状况。

方法：单击Image（图像）/Histogram（直方图）命令。

2、控制色阶（Levels）分布

当图像偏暗或偏亮时，可以使用Levels（色阶）命令来调整图像的明暗度。调整明暗度时，可以对整个图像进行，也可以对图像的某一选

取范围、某一层图像以及一个颜色通道进行。

使用Levels命令的使用方法：（1）打开一个图像文件，并显示Channels(通道）面板。（2）执行Image（图像）/Adjustments（调

整）/Levels（色阶）命令或按上Ctrl+L组合键，打开Levels分布对话框。（3）打开Levels对话框后，可以先在Channel下拉列表中选定要进行

色调调整的通道。如果选中RGB主通道，色调调整将对所有通道起作用。若只选中R、G、B通道中的单一通道，则Levels命令将只对当前所选通

道起作用。此外，Levels命令除对当前活动的通道起作用之外，还对活动的层或当前所选取的范围中的图像起作用。（4）选定色调整的内容后，就是一个真正的调整过程，在Levels对话框中，通常有以下几种调整方法。使用Input Levels（输入色阶）调整。在 Input Levels后面有3

个文本框，在左侧文本框中输入0-253之间的数值可以增加图像的暗部色调，在中间文本框

eepen. In General, periodic high priority on learning, easy to grasp and practice: recurrent learning factors, long time, prone to \ning programmes are explicitly required to learn education is not an event, but to highlight the normal education, differentiated levels, heart, catch a fine practice, the real party's ideological and political construction in the everyday, often. This requires that we do a good job phase focused learning based on knowledge contests, comments on rewards in the form, pay special attention to recurring studies. To handle the relationship between solid strong to learn and a lot to learn. For any unit or individual, objectively speaking, in the process of carrying out the party Constitution Party rules and spirit, there is a problem with strong and weak, which we need to pay attention to the actual learning content, and handle the relationship between solid strong to learn and a lot to learn. On one hand, we must always keep a humble attitude, good deal, Continuethe hardening. The other hand, always keep the spirit of energetic, pegged to the weak link to find gaps, fill the short Board. Short Board issues should not be underestimated, the saying goes, have short Board, add a short. This tells us, there are weaknesses shortcomings and do not be afraid, fear is a blind eye and not to repair, the result is poor is worse and the weak weaker. United States politics home zhamusi, and Wilson and prevention crime learn experts qiaozhikailin proposed has a famous of broken window theory, that, if a building House has a fan window of glass broken has, and this fan Windows no get timely repair, others on May to broke more of window glass, time a long, these damaged of window on to people caused a disorder, and matter of feel, results in this mass errors think no attention, and no management of atmosphere Xia, some bad culture, and violations behavior on will breeding and spread. Reality life in the is such, clean of wall Shang, suddenly was posted has aZhang ad, if didn't people management, not out days this wall Shang on will appeared greatly small many of advertising; private take mess built phenomenon is so, began circle a small block to built a small shed put things, if didn't people timely stop, he on dare built a hut live people, time long has didn't people tube, wants to tube Shi on difficult has. Therefore, the solid strong is important, a lot to learn is also important. Third, key, grasp the learning objective of education is to train a qualified party member \on to its core essence is learning and doing. Learning and doing are mutually reinforcing, if optical can't do, study leave, real learning deficiency, while sweating, wind and water, \ng white\came \nd not the mules\ning party rules did not comply with the party Constitution, address the learning series is not used, instead, learn and do, imagine this \ng\do you meet the eligibility requirements of party members. Therefore, the \c learning, the key is in use, do, line. In particular, is a qualified party members to grasp the following three points. To strengthen \guarantee for the great struggle. This aspects XI General Secretary of speech main including exercise thrift, against extravagance mass line is party of lifeline and fundamental work route accurate grasp party of mass line education practice activities of guideline and target requirements set and develop \e strict three real\put power shut into system of cage in using history wisdom advance anti-corruption construction in-depth advance style clean government and anti-corruption struggle develop nail nail of spirit, a Zhang good of blueprint worked to... 9. other aspects. 18 big yilai, XI General Secretary also respectively on diplomatic, and military, and ecological construction, aspects published has important speech, covers has construction ecological civilization, and advance defense and army modern, and rich \o systems\ctice and advance country unified, and go peace development road, and promoted building new powers relationship, and go good around diplomatic work, and strengthening and developing countries solidarity cooperation, and active participation multilateral affairs, and science of thinking and work method, many aspects. XI Jinping, Secretary of a series of important speeches, and further enrich and develop the party's theory, line, principles and policies, the party puts forward new requirements for more contemporary features, the latest achievement of Marxism in China, is a guide to persisting and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics. Four methods. o address the relationship between comprehensive and focused on science. In the process of learning, we should follow as a good study and carry out the \n\e collaborative learning; and with their own jobs, focus research and understanding spirit, grasp the potential requirements. For example, every party member should be according to the various branches of learning program, an article does not go into a link, no leakage of conducting a comprehensive study, and combined with their own duties and responsibilities, be focused and targeted Geoscience. Like, leaders to highlight learning XI on ruling acting political know of deep love of cut dry in practice go in forefront of river new language out poverty XI on coordination advance \cerpts XI on full deepening reform discusses excerpts XI on full law ruling discusses excerpts 18 big yilai XI on major economic problem discusses excerpts, discipline to highlight learning XI on strict party of discipline and rules discusses excerpts XI Jinping, on the construction of clean and honest Government and fight against corruption discussed excerpts, technology to highlight the learning of the XI Jinping on technological innovation and discusses excerpts, XI Jinping, education should highlight the important excerpts of work on education and so on. To address the relation between stage and often science. Phase has the advantage of time to focus on fast, to highlight the theme, focused, result; often learn the advantages of flexible fit, form, subtle, continues to中输入0.10-9.99之间的数值可以控制图像中间色调

，在右侧文本框中输入2-255之间的数值可以增加图像亮部色调。

3、自动控制色调（Auto Levels)

Auto Levels（自动色阶）命令(对应组合键为Ctrl+Shift+L)的使用相当于Levels（色阶）命令中单击Auto（自动）按钮的功能。设置此命

令的目的是方便地对图像中不正常的高光或阴影区域进行初步处理。

4、自动对比度（Auto Contrast)

Auto Contrast（自动对比度）命令可以让系统自动地调整图像亮部和暗部的对比度。其原理是，该命令可以将图像中最暗的像素变成黑色

，最亮的像素变成白色，而使看上去较暗的部分变得更暗，较亮的部分变得更亮。方法：单击Image/Adjustments/Auto Contrast(自动对比度

）命令（或按Alt+Ctrl+Shift+L组合键）。

5、自动颜色校正（ Atuo Color)

Atuo Color（自动颜色校正）命令可以让系统自动地对图像进行颜色校正。方法是：在打开图像后，单击Image/Adjustments/Auto Color命

令（或按Ctrl+Shift+B组合键）。

6、色调曲线控制

Curves（曲线）命令是使用非常广泛的色调控制方式，它的功能原理和Levels（功能的原理是相同的，只不过它比Levels命令可以做更多、

更精密的设置。 Curves（曲线）命令除可以调整图像的亮度以外，还有调整图像的对比度和控制色彩等功能。该命令的功能实际上是由Invert

（反相）、Posterize（色调分离）、Brightness/Contrast（亮度/对比度）等多个命令组成的。

执行此命令的方法：单击Image/Adjustments/Curves（曲线）命令或按下Ctrl+M组合键打开Curves对话框。

注：若要在表格中选择节点，用鼠标单击节点即可；按下Shift+单击即可选中多个节点。选中节点后，使用键盘上的方向键可移动节位置。若

eepen. In General, periodic high priority on learning, easy to grasp and practice: recurrent learning factors, long time, prone to \ning programmes are explicitly required to learn education is not an event, but to highlight the normal education, differentiated levels, heart, catch a fine practice, the real party's ideological and political construction in the everyday, often. This requires that we do a good job phase focused learning based on knowledge contests, comments on rewards in the form, pay special attention to recurring studies. To handle the relationship between solid strong to learn and a lot to learn. For any unit or individual, objectively speaking, in the process of carrying out the party Constitution Party rules and spirit, there is a problem with strong and weak, which we need to pay attention to the actual learning content, and handle the relationship between solid strong to learn and a lot to learn. On one hand, we must always keep a humble attitude, good deal, Continuethe hardening. The other hand, always keep the spirit of energetic, pegged to the weak link to find gaps, fill the short Board. Short Board issues should not be underestimated, the saying goes, have short Board, add a short. This tells us, there are weaknesses shortcomings and do not be afraid, fear is a blind eye and not to repair, the result is poor is worse and the weak weaker. United States politics home zhamusi, and Wilson and prevention crime learn experts qiaozhikailin proposed has a famous of broken window theory, that, if a building House has a fan window of glass broken has, and this fan Windows no get timely repair, others on May to broke more of window glass, time a long, these damaged of window on to people caused a disorder, and matter of feel, results in this mass errors think no attention, and no management of atmosphere Xia, some bad culture, and violations behavior on will breeding and spread. Reality life in the is such, clean of wall Shang, suddenly was posted has aZhang ad, if didn't people management, not out days this wall Shang on will appeared greatly small many of advertising; private take mess built phenomenon is so, began circle a small block to built a small shed put things, if didn't people timely stop, he on dare built a hut live people, time long has didn't people tube, wants to tube Shi on difficult has. Therefore, the solid strong is important, a lot to learn is also important. Third, key, grasp the learning objective of education is to train a qualified party member \on to its core essence is learning and doing. Learning and doing are mutually reinforcing, if optical can't do, study leave, real learning deficiency, while sweating, wind and water, \ng white\came \nd not the mules\ning party rules did not comply with the party Constitution, address the learning series is not used, instead, learn and do, imagine this \ng\do you meet the eligibility requirements of party members. Therefore, the \c learning, the key is in use, do, line. In particular, is a qualified party members to grasp the following three points. To strengthen \guarantee for the great struggle. This aspects XI General Secretary of speech main including exercise thrift, against extravagance mass line is party of lifeline and fundamental work route accurate grasp party of mass line education practice activities of guideline and target requirements set and develop \e strict three real\put power shut into system of cage in using history wisdom advance anti-corruption construction in-depth advance style clean government and anti-corruption struggle develop nail nail of spirit, a Zhang good of blueprint worked to... 9. other aspects. 18 big yilai, XI General Secretary also respectively on diplomatic, and military, and ecological construction, aspects published has important speech, covers has construction ecological civilization, and advance defense and army modern, and rich \o systems\ctice and advance country unified, and go peace development road, and promoted building new powers relationship, and go good around diplomatic work, and strengthening and developing countries solidarity cooperation, and active participation multilateral affairs, and science of thinking and work method, many aspects. XI Jinping, Secretary of a series of important speeches, and further enrich and develop the party's theory, line, principles and policies, the party puts forward new requirements for more contemporary features, the latest achievement of Marxism in China, is a guide to persisting and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics. Four methods. o address the relationship between comprehensive and focused on science. In the process of learning, we should follow as a good study and carry out the \n\e collaborative learning; and with their own jobs, focus research and understanding spirit, grasp the potential requirements. For example, every party member should be according to the various branches of learning program, an article does not go into a link, no leakage of conducting a comprehensive study, and combined with their own duties and responsibilities, be focused and targeted Geoscience. Like, leaders to highlight learning XI on ruling acting political know of deep love of cut dry in practice go in forefront of river new language out poverty XI on coordination advance \ategy layout discusses excerpts XI on full deepening reform discusses excerpts XI on full law ruling discusses excerpts 18 big yilai XI on major economic problem discusses excerpts, discipline to highlight learning XI on strict party of discipline and rules discusses excerpts XI Jinping, on the construction of clean and honest Government and fight against corruption discussed excerpts, technology to highlight the learning of the XI Jinping on technological innovation and discusses excerpts, XI Jinping, education should highlight the important excerpts of work on education and so on. To address the relation between stage and often science. Phase has the advantage of time to focus on fast, to highlight the theme, focused, result; often learn the advantages of flexible fit, form, subtle, continues to 要删除节点，那么，将节点拖到坐标区域外即可；或者按下Ctrl键单击要删除的节点；此外，还可先选中节点后，按下Delete或Backspace键来

删除节点。

二、特殊色调控制

1、反相（ Invert)

使用 Invert命令可以将像素的颜色改变为它们的互补色。如白变黑、黑变白等。

在使用 Invert命令之前先选定反相的内容，然后单击Image(图像）/Adjustments(调整）/Invert(反相）命令或使用Ctrl+I组合键即可。

2、色调均化（Equalize)

Equalize（色调均化）命令会重新分配图像像素亮度值，以便于更平均地分布整个图像的亮度色调。

在执行此命令之前先选取范围,则出现一个对话框。其中两项单选按钮的功能是:(1)Equalize Selected Area only(公色调均化所选取范围

域):选择此单选按钮时,Equalize仅对选取范围中的图像起作用。（2）图像Equalize entire image based on selected area（基于所选区域

色域色调均化整个图像）：选择此单选按钮时，Equalize就以选取范围中的图像最亮和最暗的像素为基准使整幅图像的色调平均化。

3、阈值(Threshold)

使用Threshold（阈值）命令可以将一幅彩色图像或灰度图像转换成只有黑白两种色调的高对比度的黑白图像。

4、色调分离（Posterize)

Posterize（色调分离）命令可以指定图像中每个通道的色调级（或亮度值）的数目，然后将这些像素映射为最接近的配色调。Posterize命

令与Threshold命令的功能类似，Threshold命令在任何情况下都只考虑两种色调，而Posterize的色调可以指定2-255之间的任何一个值。执行

Image/Adjustments/Posterize命令后的Posterize对话框中，Levels的值越小，图像色彩变化越剧烈；Levels值越大，色彩变化越轻微。

eepen. In General, periodic high priority on learning, easy to grasp and practice: recurrent learning factors, long time, prone to \ning programmes are explicitly required to learn education is not an event, but to highlight the normal education, differentiated levels, heart, catch a fine practice, the real party's ideological and political construction in the everyday, often. This requires that we do a good job phase focused learning based on knowledge contests, comments on rewards in the form, pay special attention to recurring studies. To handle the relationship between solid strong to learn and a lot to learn. For any unit or individual, objectively speaking, in the process of carrying out the party Constitution Party rules and spirit, there is a problem with strong and weak, which we need to pay attention to the actual learning content, and handle the relationship between solid strong to learn and a lot to learn. On one hand, we must always keep a humble attitude, good deal, Continuethe hardening. The other hand, always keep the spirit of energetic, pegged to the weak link to find gaps, fill the short Board. Short Board issues should not be underestimated, the saying goes, have short Board, add a short. This tells us, there are weaknesses shortcomings and do not be afraid, fear is a blind eye and not to repair, the result is poor is worse and the weak weaker. United States politics home zhamusi, and Wilson and prevention crime learn experts qiaozhikailin proposed has a famous of broken window theory, that, if a building House has a fan window of glass broken has, and this fan Windows no get timely repair, others on May to broke more of window glass, time a long, these damaged of window on to people caused a disorder, and matter of feel, results in this mass errors think no attention, and no management of atmosphere Xia, some bad culture, and violations behavior on will breeding and spread. Reality life in the is such, clean of wall Shang, suddenly was posted has aZhang ad, if didn't people management, not out days this wall Shang on will appeared greatly small many of advertising; private take mess built phenomenon is so, began circle a small block to built a small shed put things, if didn't people timely stop, he on dare built a hut live people, time long has didn't people tube, wants to tube Shi on difficult has. Therefore, the solid strong is important, a lot to learn is also important. Third, key, grasp the learning objective of education is to train a qualified party member \on to its core essence is learning and doing. Learning and doing are mutually reinforcing, if optical can't do, study leave, real learning deficiency, while sweating, wind and water, \ng white\came \nd not the mules\ning party rules did not comply with the party Constitution, address the learning series is not used, instead, learn and do, imagine this \ng\do you meet the eligibility requirements of party members. Therefore, the \c learning, the key is in use, do, line. In particular, is a qualified party members to grasp the following three points. To strengthen \guarantee for the great struggle. This aspects XI General Secretary of speech main including exercise thrift, against extravagance mass line is party of lifeline and fundamental work route accurate grasp party of mass line education practice activities of guideline and target requirements set and develop \e strict three real\put power shut into system of cage in using history wisdom advance anti-corruption construction in-depth advance style clean government and anti-corruption struggle develop nail nail of spirit, a Zhang good of blueprint worked to... 9. other aspects. 18 big yilai, XI General Secretary also respectively on diplomatic, and military, and ecological construction, aspects published has important speech, covers has construction ecological civilization, and advance defense and army modern, and rich \o systems\ctice and advance country unified, and go peace development road, and promoted building new powers relationship, and go good around diplomatic work, and strengthening and developing countries solidarity cooperation, and active participation multilateral affairs, and science of thinking and work method, many aspects. XI Jinping, Secretary of a series of important speeches, and further enrich and develop the party's theory, line, principles and policies, the party puts forward new requirements for more contemporary features, the latest achievement of Marxism in China, is a guide to persisting and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics. Four methods. o address the relationship between comprehensive and focused on science. In the process of learning, we should follow as a good study and carry out the \n\e collaborative learning; and with their own jobs, focus research and understanding spirit, grasp the potential requirements. For example, every party member should be according to the various branches of learning program, an article does not go into a link, no leakage of conducting a comprehensive study, and combined with their own duties and responsibilities, be focused and targeted Geoscience. Like, leaders to highlight learning XI on ruling acting political know of deep love of cut dry in practice go in forefront of river new language out poverty XI on coordination advance \cerpts XI on full deepening reform discusses excerpts XI on full law ruling discusses excerpts 18 big yilai XI on major economic problem discusses excerpts, discipline to highlight learning XI on strict party of discipline and rules discusses excerpts XI Jinping, on the construction of clean and honest Government and fight against corruption discussed excerpts, technology to highlight the learning of the XI Jinping on technological innovation and discusses excerpts, XI Jinping, education should highlight the important excerpts of work on education and so on. To address the relation between stage and often science. Phase has the advantage of time to focus on fast, to highlight the theme, focused, result; often learn the advantages of flexible fit, form, subtle, continues to 5、去色（Desaturate)

Desaturate（去色）命令的主要作用是去除图像中的饱和色彩，即将图像中的所有颜色的饱和度都变为0，也就是说将图像转变为灰度图像。Desaturate命令的最方便之处在于它可以只对图像的某一选择区域进行转换，不像Grayscale命令那样不加选择地对整个图像发生作用。

注：Desaturate命令不能直接处理灰度模式的图像。

6、渐变图（Gradient Map)

Gradient Map（渐变图）的主要功能是将预设的几种渐变模式作用于图像。

方法：单击Image/Adjustments/Gradient Map命令。将打开对话框，其中设置选项如下。（1）Gradient Used for Gradient Mapping（渐

变模式）：这进而提供了多种渐变模式，它的默认模式为由黑到白的渐变。（2）Dither( 仿色）：用于控制效果图中的像素是否仿色（这主要

体现在反差较大的像素边缘）。（3）Reverse（反转）：它的作用类似于Image/Adjustments子菜单中的Invert命令。选中此复选框后，将产生

原渐变图的反转图像。

三、图像色彩控制

在Photoshop中提供了多个图像色彩控制的命令。可以很轻松快捷地改变图像的色相、饱和度、亮度和对比度。通过这些命令的使用，要吧

创作出多种色彩效果的图像，但要注意的是，这些命令的使用或多或少都要丢失一些颜色数据，因为所有色彩调整的操行都是在原图基础上进

行的，因而不可能产生比原图像更多的色彩，尽管在屏幕上不会直接所映出来，事实上在转换调整的过程中就已经丢失了数据。