photoshop基础教程（初学者使用）

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guarantee for the great struggle. This aspects XI General Secretary of speech main including exercise thrift, against extravagance mass line is party of lifeline and fundamental work route accurate grasp party of mass line education practice activities of guideline and target requirements set and develop \e strict three real\put power shut into system of cage in using history wisdom advance anti-corruption construction in-depth advance style clean government and anti-corruption struggle develop nail nail of spirit, a Zhang good of blueprint worked to... 9. other aspects. 18 big yilai, XI General Secretary also respectively on diplomatic, and military, and ecological construction, aspects published has important speech, covers has construction ecological civilization, and advance defense and army modern, and rich \o systems\ctice and advance country unified, and go peace development road, and promoted building new powers relationship, and go good around diplomatic work, and strengthening and developing countries solidarity cooperation, and active participation multilateral affairs, and science of thinking and work method, many aspects. XI Jinping, Secretary of a series of important speeches, and further enrich and develop the party's theory, line, principles and policies, the party puts forward new requirements for more contemporary features, the latest achievement of Marxism in China, is a guide to persisting and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics. Four methods. o address the relationship between comprehensive and focused on science. In the process of learning, we should follow as a good study and carry out the \n\e collaborative learning; and with their own jobs, focus research and understanding spirit, grasp the potential requirements. For example, every party member should be according to the various branches of learning program, an article does not go into a link, no leakage of conducting a comprehensive study, and combined with their own duties and responsibilities, be focused and targeted Geoscience. Like, leaders to highlight learning XI on ruling acting political know of deep love of cut dry in practice go in forefront of river new language out poverty XI on coordination advance \cerpts XI on full deepening reform discusses excerpts XI on full law ruling discusses excerpts 18 big yilai XI on major economic problem discusses excerpts, discipline to highlight learning XI on strict party of discipline and rules discusses excerpts XI Jinping, on the construction of clean and honest Government and fight against corruption discussed excerpts, technology to highlight the learning of the XI Jinping on technological innovation and discusses excerpts, XI Jinping, education should highlight the important excerpts of work on education and so on. To address the relation between stage and often science. Phase has the advantage of time to focus on fast, to highlight the theme, focused, result; often learn the advantages of flexible fit, form, subtle, continues to PCX图像格式最早是Zsoft公司的PC PaintBrush(画笔)图形软件所有支持的图像格式.PCX格式与BMP格式一样支持1-24位的图像,并可以用RLE

的压缩方式保存文件.PCX格式还可以支持RGB、索引颜色、灰度和位图的颜色模式，但不担不支持Alpha通道。

(5)JPEG（*.JPE;*.JPG)

JPEG的英文全称是Joint photographic Experts Group(联合图像专家组).此格式的图像通常用于图像预览和一些超文本文档中(HTML文

档).JPEG格式的最大特色就是文件比较小.经过高倍率的压缩,是目前所有格式中压缩率最高的格式.但是JPGE格式在压缩保存的过程中会以失真

方式丢掉一些数据,因而保存后的图像与原图有所差别,没有原图像的质量好.因些印刷品最好不要用此图像格式.

(6)、EPS(*.EPS)

EPS(Encapsulated PostScript)格式应用非常广泛,可以用于绘图或排版,是一种PhostScript格式.它的最大优点是可以在排版软件中以低分

辨率预览,将插入的文件进行编辑排版,而在打印或出胶片时则以高分辨率输出,做到工作效率与图像输出质量两不误。

DPS支持Photoshop中所有的颜色模式，但不支持Alpha通道，其中在位图模式下还可以扶持透明。

（7）、GIF（*.GIF）

GIF格式是CompuServe提供的一种图形格式，在通信传输时较为经济。它也可使用LZW压缩方式将文件压缩方式将文件压缩而不会太占磁盘

空间，因此也是一种经过压缩的格式。这种格式可以支持位图、灰度和索引颜色的颜色模式。GIF格式还可以广泛应用于因特网的HTML网页文档

中，但它只能支持8位（256色）的图像文件。

（8）、PNG（*.PNG）

PNG格式是由Netscape公司开发出来的格式，可以用于网络图像，但它不同于GIF格式图像只能保存256色（8位），PNG格式可以保存24位

（1670万色）的真彩色图像，并且支持透明背景和消除锯齿边缘的功能，可以在不失真的

eepen. In General, periodic high priority on learning, easy to grasp and practice: recurrent learning factors, long time, prone to \ning programmes are explicitly required to learn education is not an event, but to highlight the normal education, differentiated levels, heart, catch a fine practice, the real party's ideological and political construction in the everyday, often. This requires that we do a good job phase focused learning based on knowledge contests, comments on rewards in the form, pay special attention to recurring studies. To handle the relationship between solid strong to learn and a lot to learn. For any unit or individual, objectively speaking, in the process of carrying out the party Constitution Party rules and spirit, there is a problem with strong and weak, which we need to pay attention to the actual learning content, and handle the relationship between solid strong to learn and a lot to learn. On one hand, we must always keep a humble attitude, good deal, Continuethe hardening. The other hand, always keep the spirit of energetic, pegged to the weak link to find gaps, fill the short Board. Short Board issues should not be underestimated, the saying goes, have short Board, add a short. This tells us, there are weaknesses shortcomings and do not be afraid, fear is a blind eye and not to repair, the result is poor is worse and the weak weaker. United States politics home zhamusi, and Wilson and prevention crime learn experts qiaozhikailin proposed has a famous of broken window theory, that, if a building House has a fan window of glass broken has, and this fan Windows no get timely repair, others on May to broke more of window glass, time a long, these damaged of window on to people caused a disorder, and matter of feel, results in this mass errors think no attention, and no management of atmosphere Xia, some bad culture, and violations behavior on will breeding and spread. Reality life in the is such, clean of wall Shang, suddenly was posted has aZhang ad, if didn't people management, not out days this wall Shang on will appeared greatly small many of advertising; private take mess built phenomenon is so, began circle a small block to built a small shed put things, if didn't people timely stop, he on dare built a hut live people, time long has didn't people tube, wants to tube Shi on difficult has. Therefore, the solid strong is important, a lot to learn is also important. Third, key, grasp the learning objective of education is to train a qualified party member \on to its core essence is learning and doing. Learning and doing are mutually reinforcing, if optical can't do, study leave, real learning deficiency, while sweating, wind and water, \ng white\came \nd not the mules\ning party rules did not comply with the party Constitution, address the learning series is not used, instead, learn and do, imagine this \ng\do you meet the eligibility requirements of party members. Therefore, the \c learning, the key is in use, do, line. In particular, is a qualified party members to grasp the following three points. To strengthen \guarantee for the great struggle. This aspects XI General Secretary of speech main including exercise thrift, against extravagance mass line is party of lifeline and fundamental work route accurate grasp party of mass line education practice activities of guideline and target requirements set and develop \e strict three real\put power shut into system of cage in using history wisdom advance anti-corruption construction in-depth advance style clean government and anti-corruption struggle develop nail nail of spirit, a Zhang good of blueprint worked to... 9. other aspects. 18 big yilai, XI General Secretary also respectively on diplomatic, and military, and ecological construction, aspects published has important speech, covers has construction ecological civilization, and advance defense and army modern, and rich \o systems\ctice and advance country unified, and go peace development road, and promoted building new powers relationship, and go good around diplomatic work, and strengthening and developing countries solidarity cooperation, and active participation multilateral affairs, and science of thinking and work method, many aspects. XI Jinping, Secretary of a series of important speeches, and further enrich and develop the party's theory, line, principles and policies, the party puts forward new requirements for more contemporary features, the latest achievement of Marxism in China, is a guide to persisting and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics. Four methods. o address the relationship between comprehensive and focused on science. In the process of learning, we should follow as a good study and carry out the \n\e collaborative learning; and with their own jobs, focus research and understanding spirit, grasp the potential requirements. For example, every party member should be according to the various branches of learning program, an article does not go into a link, no leakage of conducting a comprehensive study, and combined with their own duties and responsibilities, be focused and targeted Geoscience. Like, leaders to highlight learning XI on ruling acting political know of deep love of cut dry in practice go in forefront of river new language out poverty XI on coordination advance \ategy layout discusses excerpts XI on full deepening reform discusses excerpts XI on full law ruling discusses excerpts 18 big yilai XI on major economic problem discusses excerpts, discipline to highlight learning XI on strict party of discipline and rules discusses excerpts XI Jinping, on the construction of clean and honest Government and fight against corruption discussed excerpts, technology to highlight the learning of the XI Jinping on technological innovation and discusses excerpts, XI Jinping, education should highlight the important excerpts of work on education and so on. To address the relation between stage and often science. Phase has the advantage of time to focus on fast, to highlight the theme, focused, result; often learn the advantages of flexible fit, form, subtle, continues to 情况下压缩保存图像。但由于PNG格式不完全支持所有

济览器，且所保存的文件也较大而影响下载速度，所以在网页中使用要比GIF格式少得多。但相信随着网络的发展和因特网传输速度的改善，

PNG格式将是未来网页中使用的一种标准图像格式。

PNG格式文件在RGB和灰度模式下支持Alpha通道，但在索引颜色和位图模式下不支持Alpha通道。

（9）、PDF（*.PDF）

PDF（Portable Document Format可移植文档格式）格式是Adobe公司开发的用于Windows、Mac OS、UNIX(R)和DOS系统的一种电子出版软件

的文档格式。它以PostScript Level 2语言为基础，因此可以覆盖矢量式图像和点阵式图像，并且支持超级链接。PDF文件是由Adobe Acrobat

软件生成的文件格式，该格式文件可以存有多页信息，其中包含图形、文档的查找和导航功能。因此，使用该软件不需要排版或图像软件即可

获得图文混排的版面。由于该格式支持超文本链接，因此是网络下载经常使用的文件。

PDF格式支持RGB、索引颜色、CMYK、灰度、位图和Lab颜色模式，并且支持通道、图层等数据信息。PDF格式还支持JPEG和ZIP的压缩格式（位

图颜色模式不支持ZIP压缩格式保存）。

7、分辨率

分辨率是指在单位长度内所含有的点（即像素）的多少。通常我们会将分辨率混淆，认为分辨率就是指图像分辨率，其实分辨率有很多种，

可以分为以下几种类型。

（1）图像分辨率

图像分辨率就是每英寸图像含有多少个点或像素，分辨率的单位为点/英寸（英文缩写为dpi），例如300dpi就表示该图像每英寸含有300个

点或像素。在Photoshop中也可以用cm（厘米）为单位来计算分辨率。图像分辨率的默认单位是dpi。

在数字化图像中，分辨率的大小直接影响图像的品质。分辨率越高，图像越清晰，所产

eepen. In General, periodic high priority on learning, easy to grasp and practice: recurrent learning factors, long time, prone to \ning programmes are explicitly required to learn education is not an event, but to highlight the normal education, differentiated levels, heart, catch a fine practice, the real party's ideological and political construction in the everyday, often. This requires that we do a good job phase focused learning based on knowledge contests, comments on rewards in the form, pay special attention to recurring studies. To handle the relationship between solid strong to learn and a lot to learn. For any unit or individual, objectively speaking, in the process of carrying out the party Constitution Party rules and spirit, there is a problem with strong and weak, which we need to pay attention to the actual learning content, and handle the relationship between solid strong to learn and a lot to learn. On one hand, we must always keep a humble attitude, good deal, Continuethe hardening. The other hand, always keep the spirit of energetic, pegged to the weak link to find gaps, fill the short Board. Short Board issues should not be underestimated, the saying goes, have short Board, add a short. This tells us, there are weaknesses shortcomings and do not be afraid, fear is a blind eye and not to repair, the result is poor is worse and the weak weaker. United States politics home zhamusi, and Wilson and prevention crime learn experts qiaozhikailin proposed has a famous of broken window theory, that, if a building House has a fan window of glass broken has, and this fan Windows no get timely repair, others on May to broke more of window glass, time a long, these damaged of window on to people caused a disorder, and matter of feel, results in this mass errors think no attention, and no management of atmosphere Xia, some bad culture, and violations behavior on will breeding and spread. Reality life in the is such, clean of wall Shang, suddenly was posted has aZhang ad, if didn't people management, not out days this wall Shang on will appeared greatly small many of advertising; private take mess built phenomenon is so, began circle a small block to built a small shed put things, if didn't people timely stop, he on dare built a hut live people, time long has didn't people tube, wants to tube Shi on difficult has. Therefore, the solid strong is important, a lot to learn is also important. Third, key, grasp the learning objective of education is to train a qualified party member \on to its core essence is learning and doing. Learning and doing are mutually reinforcing, if optical can't do, study leave, real learning deficiency, while sweating, wind and water, \ng white\came \nd not the mules\ning party rules did not comply with the party Constitution, address the learning series is not used, instead, learn and do, imagine this \ng\do you meet the eligibility requirements of party members. Therefore, the \c learning, the key is in use, do, line. In particular, is a qualified party members to grasp the following three points. To strengthen \guarantee for the great struggle. This aspects XI General Secretary of speech main including exercise thrift, against extravagance mass line is party of lifeline and fundamental work route accurate grasp party of mass line education practice activities of guideline and target requirements set and develop \e strict three real\put power shut into system of cage in using history wisdom advance anti-corruption construction in-depth advance style clean government and anti-corruption struggle develop nail nail of spirit, a Zhang good of blueprint worked to... 9. other aspects. 18 big yilai, XI General Secretary also respectively on diplomatic, and military, and ecological construction, aspects published has important speech, covers has construction ecological civilization, and advance defense and army modern, and rich \o systems\ctice and advance country unified, and go peace development road, and promoted building new powers relationship, and go good around diplomatic work, and strengthening and developing countries solidarity cooperation, and active participation multilateral affairs, and science of thinking and work method, many aspects. XI Jinping, Secretary of a series of important speeches, and further enrich and develop the party's theory, line, principles and policies, the party puts forward new requirements for more contemporary features, the latest achievement of Marxism in China, is a guide to persisting and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics. Four methods. o address the relationship between comprehensive and focused on science. In the process of learning, we should follow as a good study and carry out the \n\e collaborative learning; and with their own jobs, focus research and understanding spirit, grasp the potential requirements. For example, every party member should be according to the various branches of learning program, an article does not go into a link, no leakage of conducting a comprehensive study, and combined with their own duties and responsibilities, be focused and targeted Geoscience. Like, leaders to highlight learning XI on ruling acting political know of deep love of cut dry in practice go in forefront of river new language out poverty XI on coordination advance \cerpts XI on full deepening reform discusses excerpts XI on full law ruling discusses excerpts 18 big yilai XI on major economic problem discusses excerpts, discipline to highlight learning XI on strict party of discipline and rules discusses excerpts XI Jinping, on the construction of clean and honest Government and fight against corruption discussed excerpts, technology to highlight the learning of the XI Jinping on technological innovation and discusses excerpts, XI Jinping, education should highlight the important excerpts of work on education and so on. To address the relation between stage and often science. Phase has the advantage of time to focus on fast, to highlight the theme, focused, result; often learn the advantages of flexible fit, form, subtle, continues to生的文件也就越大，在工作中所需的内存和CPU处理

时间也就越多。所以在制作图像时，不同品质的图像就需设置适当的分辨率，才能最经济有效地制作出作品，例如用于打印输出的图像的分辨

率就需要高一些，如果只是在屏幕上显示的作品（如多媒体图像或网页图像），就可以低一些。

另外，图像的尺寸大小、图像的分辨率和图像文件大小3者之间有着很密切的关系。一个分辨率相同的图像，如果尺寸不同，它的文件大小也

不同，尺寸越大所保存的文件也就越大。同样，增加一个图像的分辨率，也会使图像文件变大。

（2）设备分辨率

设备分辨率是指每单位输出长度所代表的点数和像素。它与图像分辨率有着不同之处，图像分辨率可以更改，而设备分辨率则不可以更改。

如平时常见的计算机显示器、扫描仪和数字照相机这些设备，各自都有一个固定的分辨率。

（3）屏幕分辨率

屏幕分辨率又称为屏幕频率，是指打印灰度级图像或分色所用的网屏上每英寸的点数，它是用每英寸上有多少行来测量的。

（4）位分辨率

位（bits）分辨率也称位深，用来衡量每个像素存储的信息位数。这个分辨率决定在图像的每个像素中存放多少颜色信息。如一个24位的

RGB图像，即表示其各原色R、G、B均值，因此每一个像素所存储的位数即为24位。

（5）输出分辨率

输出分辨率是指激光打印机等输出设备在输出图像的每英寸上所产生的点数。

8、图像类型

在计算机中，图像是以数字方式来记录、处理和保存的，所以图像也可以说是数字化图像。图像类型大一致可以分为以下两种：矢量式图像

与位图式图像。这两种类型的图像各有特色，也各有优缺点，两者各自的优点恰好可以弥补对方的缺点。因此在绘图与图像处理的过程中，往

往需将这两种类型的图像交叉运用，才能取长补短，使用户的作品更为完善。

（1）矢量式图像

矢量式图像以数学描述的方式来记录图像内容。它的内容以线条和色块为主，例如一条线段的数据只需要记录两个端点的坐标、线段的粗细

和色彩等。因此它的文件所占的容量较小，也可以很容易地进行放大、缩小或旋转等操作，并且不会失真，可用以制作3D图像。但这种图像有

一个缺点，即不易制作色调丰富或色彩变化太多的图像，而且绘制出来的图形不是很逼真，无法像照片一样精确地描述自然界的景观，同时也

不易在不同的软件间交换文件。

制作矢量式图像的软件有FreeHand 、Illustrator、 CorelDRAW 、AutoCAD等。美工插图与工程绘图多数在矢量式软件上进行。

（2）位图式图像

位图式图像弥补了矢量式图像的缺陷，它能够制作出颜色和色调变化丰富的图像，可以逼真地表现自然界的景观，同时也可以很容易地在不

同软件之间交换文件，这就是位图式图像的优点。而缺点则是它无法制作真正的3D图像，并且图像缩放和旋转时会产生失真现象，同时文件较

大，对内存和硬盘空间容量的需求也较高。

位图式图像是由许多点组成的，这些点称为像素（pixel)。当许许多多不同颜色的点（即像素）组合在一起后便构成了一幅完整的图像，例

如照片由银粒子组成，屏幕图像由光点组成，印刷品由网点组成。位图式图像在保存文件时，它需要记录下每一个像素的位置和色彩数据，因

此，图像像素越多（即分辨率越高），文件也就越大，处理速度也就越慢。但由于它能够记录下每一个点的数据信息，因而可以精确地记录色

调丰富的图像，可以逼真地表现自然界的图像，达到照片般的品质。

Adobe Photoshop属于位图式的图像软件，用它保存的图像都为位图式图像，但它能够与其他矢量图像软件交换文件，且可以打开矢量式图像

。在制作Photoshop图像时，像素的数目和密度越高，图像就越逼真。记录每一个像素或色

eepen. In General, periodic high priority on learning, easy to grasp and practice: recurrent learning factors, long time, prone to \ning programmes are explicitly required to learn education is not an event, but to highlight the normal education, differentiated levels, heart, catch a fine practice, the real party's ideological and political construction in the everyday, often. This requires that we do a good job phase focused learning based on knowledge contests, comments on rewards in the form, pay special attention to recurring studies. To handle the relationship between solid strong to learn and a lot to learn. For any unit or individual, objectively speaking, in the process of carrying out the party Constitution Party rules and spirit, there is a problem with strong and weak, which we need to pay attention to the actual learning content, and handle the relationship between solid strong to learn and a lot to learn. On one hand, we must always keep a humble attitude, good deal, Continuethe hardening. The other hand, always keep the spirit of energetic, pegged to the weak link to find gaps, fill the short Board. Short Board issues should not be underestimated, the saying goes, have short Board, add a short. This tells us, there are weaknesses shortcomings and do not be afraid, fear is a blind eye and not to repair, the result is poor is worse and the weak weaker. United States politics home zhamusi, and Wilson and prevention crime learn experts qiaozhikailin proposed has a famous of broken window theory, that, if a building House has a fan window of glass broken has, and this fan Windows no get timely repair, others on May to broke more of window glass, time a long, these damaged of window on to people caused a disorder, and matter of feel, results in this mass errors think no attention, and no management of atmosphere Xia, some bad culture, and violations behavior on will breeding and spread. Reality life in the is such, clean of wall Shang, suddenly was posted has aZhang ad, if didn't people management, not out days this wall Shang on will appeared greatly small many of advertising; private take mess built phenomenon is so, began circle a small block to built a small shed put things, if didn't people timely stop, he on dare built a hut live people, time long has didn't people tube, wants to tube Shi on difficult has. Therefore, the solid strong is important, a lot to learn is also important. Third, key, grasp the learning objective of education is to train a qualified party member \on to its core essence is learning and doing. Learning and doing are mutually reinforcing, if optical can't do, study leave, real learning deficiency, while sweating, wind and water, \ng white\came \nd not the mules\ning party rules did not comply with the party Constitution, address the learning series is not used, instead, learn and do, imagine this \ng\do you meet the eligibility requirements of party members. Therefore, the \c learning, the key is in use, do, line. In particular, is a qualified party members to grasp the following three points. To strengthen \guarantee for the great struggle. This aspects XI General Secretary of speech main including exercise thrift, against extravagance mass line is party of lifeline and fundamental work route accurate grasp party of mass line education practice activities of guideline and target requirements set and develop \e strict three real\put power shut into system of cage in using history wisdom advance anti-corruption construction in-depth advance style clean government and anti-corruption struggle develop nail nail of spirit, a Zhang good of blueprint worked to... 9. other aspects. 18 big yilai, XI General Secretary also respectively on diplomatic, and military, and ecological construction, aspects published has important speech, covers has construction ecological civilization, and advance defense and army modern, and rich \o systems\ctice and advance country unified, and go peace development road, and promoted building new powers relationship, and go good around diplomatic work, and strengthening and developing countries solidarity cooperation, and active participation multilateral affairs, and science of thinking and work method, many aspects. XI Jinping, Secretary of a series of important speeches, and further enrich and develop the party's theory, line, principles and policies, the party puts forward new requirements for more contemporary features, the latest achievement of Marxism in China, is a guide to persisting and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics. Four methods. o address the relationship between comprehensive and focused on science. In the process of learning, we should follow as a good study and carry out the \n\e collaborative learning; and with their own jobs, focus research and understanding spirit, grasp the potential requirements. For example, every party member should be according to the various branches of learning program, an article does not go into a link, no leakage of conducting a comprehensive study, and combined with their own duties and responsibilities, be focused and targeted Geoscience. Like, leaders to highlight learning XI on ruling acting political know of deep love of cut dry in practice go in forefront of river new language out poverty XI on coordination advance \cerpts XI on full deepening reform discusses excerpts XI on full law ruling discusses excerpts 18 big yilai XI on major economic problem discusses excerpts, discipline to highlight learning XI on strict party of discipline and rules discusses excerpts XI Jinping, on the construction of clean and honest Government and fight against corruption discussed excerpts, technology to highlight the learning of the XI Jinping on technological innovation and discusses excerpts, XI Jinping, education should highlight the important excerpts of work on education and so on. To address the relation between stage and often science. Phase has the advantage of time to focus on fast, to highlight the theme, focused, result; often learn the advantages of flexible fit, form, subtle, continues to彩所使用的位的数量，决定了它可能表现出的色彩范围。

第四讲范围选取

在Photoshop中处理图像时，进行范围选取是一项比较重要的工作。选取范围的优劣、准确与否，都与图像编辑的成败有着密切的关系。

因此，在最短时间内进行有效的、精确的范围选取能够提高工作效率并有助于提高图像编辑质量，创作出生动活泼的艺术作品。

在Photoshop中不管是执行滤镜、色彩或色调的高级功能，还是进行简单的复制、粘贴与删除等编辑操作，都与当前的选取范围有关，即图

像操作只对选取范围以内的区域才有效，而对选取范围以外的图像区域不起作用。因此，编辑图像时必须选定要执行功能的区域范围，才能有

效地进行编辑。

范围选取的方法有很多种，可以使用工具箱中的工具，也可以使用菜单命令，还可以通过图层、通道、路径来制作选取范围。

一、选框工具（M）

其中包括矩形、椭圆、单行、单列选框工具。按Shift+M可以在矩形和圆之间切换。

选择工具，然后在页面上直接拖动操作即可绘制。如果按Shift键则可以画正方形或者正圆；如果按Alt键可以从中心点绘制矩形或者圆；

如果按ALT+Shift则可以从中心点绘制正方形或者正圆的选框。如果想取消选框工具选择“选择/取消选区”或者按Ctrl+D组合键。按

Alt+Delete键可填充前景色、；按Ctrl+Delete键可填充背景色。