photoshop基础教程（初学者使用）

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guarantee for the great struggle. This aspects XI General Secretary of speech main including exercise thrift, against extravagance mass line is party of lifeline and fundamental work route accurate grasp party of mass line education practice activities of guideline and target requirements set and develop \e strict three real\put power shut into system of cage in using history wisdom advance anti-corruption construction in-depth advance style clean government and anti-corruption struggle develop nail nail of spirit, a Zhang good of blueprint worked to... 9. other aspects. 18 big yilai, XI General Secretary also respectively on diplomatic, and military, and ecological construction, aspects published has important speech, covers has construction ecological civilization, and advance defense and army modern, and rich \o systems\ctice and advance country unified, and go peace development road, and promoted building new powers relationship, and go good around diplomatic work, and strengthening and developing countries solidarity cooperation, and active participation multilateral affairs, and science of thinking and work method, many aspects. XI Jinping, Secretary of a series of important speeches, and further enrich and develop the party's theory, line, principles and policies, the party puts forward new requirements for more contemporary features, the latest achievement of Marxism in China, is a guide to persisting and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics. Four methods. o address the relationship between comprehensive and focused on science. In the process of learning, we should follow as a good study and carry out the \n\e collaborative learning; and with their own jobs, focus research and understanding spirit, grasp the potential requirements. For example, every party member should be according to the various branches of learning program, an article does not go into a link, no leakage of conducting a comprehensive study, and combined with their own duties and responsibilities, be focused and targeted Geoscience. Like, leaders to highlight learning XI on ruling acting political know of deep love of cut dry in practice go in forefront of river new language out poverty XI on coordination advance \ategy layout discusses excerpts XI on full deepening reform discusses excerpts XI on full law ruling discusses excerpts 18 big yilai XI on major economic problem discusses excerpts, discipline to highlight learning XI on strict party of discipline and rules discusses excerpts XI Jinping, on the construction of clean and honest Government and fight against corruption discussed excerpts, technology to highlight the learning of the XI Jinping on technological innovation and discusses excerpts, XI Jinping, education should highlight the important excerpts of work on education and so on. To address the relation between stage and often science. Phase has the advantage of time to focus on fast, to highlight the theme, focused, result; often learn the advantages of flexible fit, form, subtle, continues to 5、颜色模式：RGB模式、CMYK模式、Bitmap（位图）模式、Grayscale(灰度)模式、Lab模式、HSB模式、Multichannel(多通道模式)、Duotone(

双色调)模式、lndexde Clolr(索引色)模式等

(1)、RGB模式

RGB模式是Photoshop中最常用的一种颜色模式。不管是扫描输入的图像，还是绘制的图像，几乎都是以RGB的模式存储的。这是因为在RGB模

式下处理图像作较为方便，而且RGB的图像比CMYK图像文件要小得多，可以节省内存和存储空间。在RGB模式下，用户还能够使用Photoshop中所

有的命令和滤镜。

RGB模式：由红、绿、蓝3种原色组合而成，由这3种原色混合产生出成千上万种颜色。在RGB模式下的图像是三通道图像,每一个像素由24位的数

据表示,其中RGB三种原色各使用了8位,每一种原色都可以表现出256种不同浓度的色调,所以三种原色混合起来就可以生成1670万种颜色,也就是

我们常说的真彩色。

（2）、CMYK模式

CMYK 模式是一种印刷的模式。它由分色印刷的4种颜色组成，在本质上与RGB模式没什么区别。但它们产生色彩的方式不同，RGB模式产生

色彩的方式称为加色法，而CMYK模式产生色彩的方式称为减色法。例如显示器采用了RGB模式，这是因为显示器可以用电子光束轰击荧光屏上的

磷质材料发出光亮从而产生颜色，当没有光时为黑色，光线加到极限时为白色。假如我们采用了RGB颜色模式去打印一份作品，将不会产生颜色

效果，因为打印油墨不会自己发光。因而只有采用一些能够吸收特定的光波而靠反射其他光波产生颜色的油墨，也就是说当所有的油墨加在一

起时是纯黑色，油墨减少时才开始出现色彩，当没有油墨时就成为了白色，这样就产生了颜色，所以这种生成色彩的方式就称为减色法。

那么，CMYK模式是怎样发展出来的呢？理论上，我们只要将生成CMYK模式中的三原色，即100%的洋红色（magenta）和100%的黄色（yellow)

组合在一起就可以生成黑色(black），但实际上等量的C、M、Y三原色混合并不能产生完美

eepen. In General, periodic high priority on learning, easy to grasp and practice: recurrent learning factors, long time, prone to \ning programmes are explicitly required to learn education is not an event, but to highlight the normal education, differentiated levels, heart, catch a fine practice, the real party's ideological and political construction in the everyday, often. This requires that we do a good job phase focused learning based on knowledge contests, comments on rewards in the form, pay special attention to recurring studies. To handle the relationship between solid strong to learn and a lot to learn. For any unit or individual, objectively speaking, in the process of carrying out the party Constitution Party rules and spirit, there is a problem with strong and weak, which we need to pay attention to the actual learning content, and handle the relationship between solid strong to learn and a lot to learn. On one hand, we must always keep a humble attitude, good deal, Continuethe hardening. The other hand, always keep the spirit of energetic, pegged to the weak link to find gaps, fill the short Board. Short Board issues should not be underestimated, the saying goes, have short Board, add a short. This tells us, there are weaknesses shortcomings and do not be afraid, fear is a blind eye and not to repair, the result is poor is worse and the weak weaker. United States politics home zhamusi, and Wilson and prevention crime learn experts qiaozhikailin proposed has a famous of broken window theory, that, if a building House has a fan window of glass broken has, and this fan Windows no get timely repair, others on May to broke more of window glass, time a long, these damaged of window on to people caused a disorder, and matter of feel, results in this mass errors think no attention, and no management of atmosphere Xia, some bad culture, and violations behavior on will breeding and spread. Reality life in the is such, clean of wall Shang, suddenly was posted has aZhang ad, if didn't people management, not out days this wall Shang on will appeared greatly small many of advertising; private take mess built phenomenon is so, began circle a small block to built a small shed put things, if didn't people timely stop, he on dare built a hut live people, time long has didn't people tube, wants to tube Shi on difficult has. Therefore, the solid strong is important, a lot to learn is also important. Third, key, grasp the learning objective of education is to train a qualified party member \on to its core essence is learning and doing. Learning and doing are mutually reinforcing, if optical can't do, study leave, real learning deficiency, while sweating, wind and water, \ng white\came \nd not the mules\ning party rules did not comply with the party Constitution, address the learning series is not used, instead, learn and do, imagine this \ng\do you meet the eligibility requirements of party members. Therefore, the \c learning, the key is in use, do, line. In particular, is a qualified party members to grasp the following three points. To strengthen \guarantee for the great struggle. This aspects XI General Secretary of speech main including exercise thrift, against extravagance mass line is party of lifeline and fundamental work route accurate grasp party of mass line education practice activities of guideline and target requirements set and develop \e strict three real\put power shut into system of cage in using history wisdom advance anti-corruption construction in-depth advance style clean government and anti-corruption struggle develop nail nail of spirit, a Zhang good of blueprint worked to... 9. other aspects. 18 big yilai, XI General Secretary also respectively on diplomatic, and military, and ecological construction, aspects published has important speech, covers has construction ecological civilization, and advance defense and army modern, and rich \o systems\ctice and advance country unified, and go peace development road, and promoted building new powers relationship, and go good around diplomatic work, and strengthening and developing countries solidarity cooperation, and active participation multilateral affairs, and science of thinking and work method, many aspects. XI Jinping, Secretary of a series of important speeches, and further enrich and develop the party's theory, line, principles and policies, the party puts forward new requirements for more contemporary features, the latest achievement of Marxism in China, is a guide to persisting and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics. Four methods. o address the relationship between comprehensive and focused on science. In the process of learning, we should follow as a good study and carry out the \n\e collaborative learning; and with their own jobs, focus research and understanding spirit, grasp the potential requirements. For example, every party member should be according to the various branches of learning program, an article does not go into a link, no leakage of conducting a comprehensive study, and combined with their own duties and responsibilities, be focused and targeted Geoscience. Like, leaders to highlight learning XI on ruling acting political know of deep love of cut dry in practice go in forefront of river new language out poverty XI on coordination advance \cerpts XI on full deepening reform discusses excerpts XI on full law ruling discusses excerpts 18 big yilai XI on major economic problem discusses excerpts, discipline to highlight learning XI on strict party of discipline and rules discusses excerpts XI Jinping, on the construction of clean and honest Government and fight against corruption discussed excerpts, technology to highlight the learning of the XI Jinping on technological innovation and discusses excerpts, XI Jinping, education should highlight the important excerpts of work on education and so on. To address the relation between stage and often science. Phase has the advantage of time to focus on fast, to highlight the theme, focused, result; often learn the advantages of flexible fit, form, subtle, continues to的黑色或灰色。因此，只有再加上一种黑色后，才会

产生图像中的黑色和灰色。为了与RGB模式中的蓝色区别，黑色就以K字母表示，这样就产生了CMYK模式。在CMYK模式下的图像是四通道图像，

每一个像素由32位的数据表示。

在处理图像时，我们一般不采用CMYK模式，因为这种模式文件大，会占用更多的磁盘空间和内存。此外，在这种模式下，有很多滤镜都不能

使用，所以编辑图像时有很多不便，因而通常都是在印刷时才转换成这种模式。

（3）、Bitmap（位图）模式

Bitmap模式也称为位图模式，该模式只有黑色和白色两种颜色。它的每一个像素只包含1位数据，占用的磁盘空间最少。因此，在该模式下

不能制作出色调丰富的图像，只能制作一些黑白两色的图像。当要将一幅彩图转换成黑白图像时，必须转换成灰度模式的图像，然后再转换成

只有黑白两色的图像，即位图模式图像。

（4）、Grayscale(灰度）模式

此模式的图像可以表现出丰富的色调，表现出自然界物体的生动形态和景观。但它始终是一幅黑白的图像，就像我们通常看到的黑白电视和

黑白照片一样。灰度模式中的像素是由8位的位分辨率来记录的，因此能够表现出256种色调。利用256种色调我们就可以使黑白图像表现得相当

完美。

灰度模式的图像可以直接转换成黑白图像和RGB的彩色图像，同样黑白图像和彩色图像也可以直接转换成灰度图像。但需要注意的是，当一

幅灰度图像转换成黑白图像后再转换成灰度图像，将不再显示原来图像的效果。这是因为灰度图像转换成黑白图像时，Photoshop会丢失灰度图

像中的色调，因而转换后丢失的信息将不能恢复。同样道理，RGB图像转换成灰度图像也会丢失所有的颜色信息，所以当由RGB图像转换成灰度

图像，再转换成RGB的彩色图像时，显示出来的图像颜色将不具有彩色。

（5）、Lab模式

eepen. In General, periodic high priority on learning, easy to grasp and practice: recurrent learning factors, long time, prone to \ning programmes are explicitly required to learn education is not an event, but to highlight the normal education, differentiated levels, heart, catch a fine practice, the real party's ideological and political construction in the everyday, often. This requires that we do a good job phase focused learning based on knowledge contests, comments on rewards in the form, pay special attention to recurring studies. To handle the relationship between solid strong to learn and a lot to learn. For any unit or individual, objectively speaking, in the process of carrying out the party Constitution Party rules and spirit, there is a problem with strong and weak, which we need to pay attention to the actual learning content, and handle the relationship between solid strong to learn and a lot to learn. On one hand, we must always keep a humble attitude, good deal, Continuethe hardening. The other hand, always keep the spirit of energetic, pegged to the weak link to find gaps, fill the short Board. Short Board issues should not be underestimated, the saying goes, have short Board, add a short. This tells us, there are weaknesses shortcomings and do not be afraid, fear is a blind eye and not to repair, the result is poor is worse and the weak weaker. United States politics home zhamusi, and Wilson and prevention crime learn experts qiaozhikailin proposed has a famous of broken window theory, that, if a building House has a fan window of glass broken has, and this fan Windows no get timely repair, others on May to broke more of window glass, time a long, these damaged of window on to people caused a disorder, and matter of feel, results in this mass errors think no attention, and no management of atmosphere Xia, some bad culture, and violations behavior on will breeding and spread. Reality life in the is such, clean of wall Shang, suddenly was posted has aZhang ad, if didn't people management, not out days this wall Shang on will appeared greatly small many of advertising; private take mess built phenomenon is so, began circle a small block to built a small shed put things, if didn't people timely stop, he on dare built a hut live people, time long has didn't people tube, wants to tube Shi on difficult has. Therefore, the solid strong is important, a lot to learn is also important. Third, key, grasp the learning objective of education is to train a qualified party member \on to its core essence is learning and doing. Learning and doing are mutually reinforcing, if optical can't do, study leave, real learning deficiency, while sweating, wind and water, \ng white\came \nd not the mules\ning party rules did not comply with the party Constitution, address the learning series is not used, instead, learn and do, imagine this \ng\do you meet the eligibility requirements of party members. Therefore, the \c learning, the key is in use, do, line. In particular, is a qualified party members to grasp the following three points. To strengthen \guarantee for the great struggle. This aspects XI General Secretary of speech main including exercise thrift, against extravagance mass line is party of lifeline and fundamental work route accurate grasp party of mass line education practice activities of guideline and target requirements set and develop \e strict three real\put power shut into system of cage in using history wisdom advance anti-corruption construction in-depth advance style clean government and anti-corruption struggle develop nail nail of spirit, a Zhang good of blueprint worked to... 9. other aspects. 18 big yilai, XI General Secretary also respectively on diplomatic, and military, and ecological construction, aspects published has important speech, covers has construction ecological civilization, and advance defense and army modern, and rich \o systems\ctice and advance country unified, and go peace development road, and promoted building new powers relationship, and go good around diplomatic work, and strengthening and developing countries solidarity cooperation, and active participation multilateral affairs, and science of thinking and work method, many aspects. XI Jinping, Secretary of a series of important speeches, and further enrich and develop the party's theory, line, principles and policies, the party puts forward new requirements for more contemporary features, the latest achievement of Marxism in China, is a guide to persisting and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics. Four methods. o address the relationship between comprehensive and focused on science. In the process of learning, we should follow as a good study and carry out the \n\e collaborative learning; and with their own jobs, focus research and understanding spirit, grasp the potential requirements. For example, every party member should be according to the various branches of learning program, an article does not go into a link, no leakage of conducting a comprehensive study, and combined with their own duties and responsibilities, be focused and targeted Geoscience. Like, leaders to highlight learning XI on ruling acting political know of deep love of cut dry in practice go in forefront of river new language out poverty XI on coordination advance \ategy layout discusses excerpts XI on full deepening reform discusses excerpts XI on full law ruling discusses excerpts 18 big yilai XI on major economic problem discusses excerpts, discipline to highlight learning XI on strict party of discipline and rules discusses excerpts XI Jinping, on the construction of clean and honest Government and fight against corruption discussed excerpts, technology to highlight the learning of the XI Jinping on technological innovation and discusses excerpts, XI Jinping, education should highlight the important excerpts of work on education and so on. To address the relation between stage and often science. Phase has the advantage of time to focus on fast, to highlight the theme, focused, result; often learn the advantages of flexible fit, form, subtle, continues to

Lab模式是一种较为陌生的颜色模式。它由3种分量来表示颜色。此模式下的图像由三通道组成，每像素有24位的分辨率。通常情况下我们

不会用到此模式，但使用Photoshop编辑图像时，事实上就已经使用了这种模式，因为Lab模式是photoshop内部的颜色模式。例如，要将RGB模

式的图像转换成CMYK模式的图像，Photoshop会先将RGB模式转换成Lab模式，然后由Lab模式转换成CMYK模式，只不过这一操作是在内部进行而

已。因此Lab模式是目前所有模式中包含色彩范围最广泛的模式，它能毫无偏差地在不同系统和平台之间进行交换。

L:代表亮度，范围在0——100。

A：是由绿到红的光谱变化，范围在-120——120之间。

B：是由蓝到黄的光谱变化，范围在-120——120之间。

（6）、HSB模式

HSB模式是一种基于人的直觉的颜色模式，利用此模式可以很轻松自然地选择各种不同明亮度的颜色。在Photoshop中不直接支持这种模式

。而只能在Color控制面板和Color Picker对话框中定义这种颜色。

HSB模式描述的颜色有3个基本特征。

H：色相（Hue)，用于调整颜色，范围0度——360度。

S：饱和度，即彩度，范围0%——100%，0%时为灰色，100%时为纯色。

B：亮度，颜色的相对明暗程序，范围0%——100%s （7）、Multichannel(多通道)模式

Multichannel(多通道)模式在每个通道中使用256灰度级。多通道图像对特殊的打印非常有用，例如，转换双色调（Duotone)用于以Scitex

CT格式打印。

可以按照以下的准则将图像转换成多通道模式：

a、将一个以上通道合成的任何图像转换为多通道模式图像，原有通道将被转换为专色通道。

eepen. In General, periodic high priority on learning, easy to grasp and practice: recurrent learning factors, long time, prone to \ning programmes are explicitly required to learn education is not an event, but to highlight the normal education, differentiated levels, heart, catch a fine practice, the real party's ideological and political construction in the everyday, often. This requires that we do a good job phase focused learning based on knowledge contests, comments on rewards in the form, pay special attention to recurring studies. To handle the relationship between solid strong to learn and a lot to learn. For any unit or individual, objectively speaking, in the process of carrying out the party Constitution Party rules and spirit, there is a problem with strong and weak, which we need to pay attention to the actual learning content, and handle the relationship between solid strong to learn and a lot to learn. On one hand, we must always keep a humble attitude, good deal, Continuethe hardening. The other hand, always keep the spirit of energetic, pegged to the weak link to find gaps, fill the short Board. Short Board issues should not be underestimated, the saying goes, have short Board, add a short. This tells us, there are weaknesses shortcomings and do not be afraid, fear is a blind eye and not to repair, the result is poor is worse and the weak weaker. United States politics home zhamusi, and Wilson and prevention crime learn experts qiaozhikailin proposed has a famous of broken window theory, that, if a building House has a fan window of glass broken has, and this fan Windows no get timely repair, others on May to broke more of window glass, time a long, these damaged of window on to people caused a disorder, and matter of feel, results in this mass errors think no attention, and no management of atmosphere Xia, some bad culture, and violations behavior on will breeding and spread. Reality life in the is such, clean of wall Shang, suddenly was posted has aZhang ad, if didn't people management, not out days this wall Shang on will appeared greatly small many of advertising; private take mess built phenomenon is so, began circle a small block to built a small shed put things, if didn't people timely stop, he on dare built a hut live people, time long has didn't people tube, wants to tube Shi on difficult has. Therefore, the solid strong is important, a lot to learn is also important. Third, key, grasp the learning objective of education is to train a qualified party member \on to its core essence is learning and doing. Learning and doing are mutually reinforcing, if optical can't do, study leave, real learning deficiency, while sweating, wind and water, \ng white\came \nd not the mules\ning party rules did not comply with the party Constitution, address the learning series is not used, instead, learn and do, imagine this \ng\do you meet the eligibility requirements of party members. Therefore, the \c learning, the key is in use, do, line. In particular, is a qualified party members to grasp the following three points. To strengthen \guarantee for the great struggle. This aspects XI General Secretary of speech main including exercise thrift, against extravagance mass line is party of lifeline and fundamental work route accurate grasp party of mass line education practice activities of guideline and target requirements set and develop \e strict three real\put power shut into system of cage in using history wisdom advance anti-corruption construction in-depth advance style clean government and anti-corruption struggle develop nail nail of spirit, a Zhang good of blueprint worked to... 9. other aspects. 18 big yilai, XI General Secretary also respectively on diplomatic, and military, and ecological construction, aspects published has important speech, covers has construction ecological civilization, and advance defense and army modern, and rich \o systems\ctice and advance country unified, and go peace development road, and promoted building new powers relationship, and go good around diplomatic work, and strengthening and developing countries solidarity cooperation, and active participation multilateral affairs, and science of thinking and work method, many aspects. XI Jinping, Secretary of a series of important speeches, and further enrich and develop the party's theory, line, principles and policies, the party puts forward new requirements for more contemporary features, the latest achievement of Marxism in China, is a guide to persisting and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics. Four methods. o address the relationship between comprehensive and focused on science. In the process of learning, we should follow as a good study and carry out the \n\e collaborative learning; and with their own jobs, focus research and understanding spirit, grasp the potential requirements. For example, every party member should be according to the various branches of learning program, an article does not go into a link, no leakage of conducting a comprehensive study, and combined with their own duties and responsibilities, be focused and targeted Geoscience. Like, leaders to highlight learning XI on ruling acting political know of deep love of cut dry in practice go in forefront of river new language out poverty XI on coordination advance \cerpts XI on full deepening reform discusses excerpts XI on full law ruling discusses excerpts 18 big yilai XI on major economic problem discusses excerpts, discipline to highlight learning XI on strict party of discipline and rules discusses excerpts XI Jinping, on the construction of clean and honest Government and fight against corruption discussed excerpts, technology to highlight the learning of the XI Jinping on technological innovation and discusses excerpts, XI Jinping, education should highlight the important excerpts of work on education and so on. To address the relation between stage and often science. Phase has the advantage of time to focus on fast, to highlight the theme, focused, result; often learn the advantages of flexible fit, form, subtle, continues to b、将彩色图像转换为多通道时，新的灰度信息基于每个通道中像素的颜色值。

c、将CMYK图像转换为多通道可创建青（cyan）、洋红(magenta）、黄（yellow)和黑(black)专色通道。

d、将RGB图像转换为多通道可创建青（cyan)、洋红(magenta）和黄（yellow)专色通道。

e、从RGB、CMYK、或Lab图像中删除一个通道会自动将图像转换为多通道模式。

（8）、Duotone（双色调）模式

Duotone（双色调）是用两种油墨打印的灰度图像：黑色油墨用于暗调部分，灰色油墨用于中间调和高光部分。但是，在实际过程中，更多

地使用彩色油墨打印图像的高光颜色部分，因为双色调使用不同的彩色油墨重现不同的灰阶。要将其他模式的图像转换成双色调模式的图像，

必须先转换成灰度模式才能转换成双色调模式。转换时，我们可以选择单色版、双色版、三色版和四色版，并选择各个色版的颜色。但要注意

在双色调模式中颜色只是用来表示“色调”而已，所以在这种模式下彩色油墨只是用来创建灰度级的，不是创建彩色的。当油墨颜色不同时，

其创建的灰度级也是不同的。通常选择颜色时，都会保留原有的灰色部分作为主色，其他加入的颜色为副色，这样才能表现较丰富的层次感和

质感。

（9）、Indexed Color（索引色）模式

索引色模式在印刷中很少使用，但在制作多媒体或网页上却十分实用。因为这种模式的图像比RGB模式的图像小得多，大概只有RGB模式的

1/3，所以可以大大减少文件所占的磁盘空间。当一个图像转换成索引色模式后，就会激活Image/Mode/Color Table命令，以便编辑图像的“颜

色表”。RGB和CMYK模式的图像可以表现出完整的各种颜色使图像完美无缺，而索引色模式则不能完美地表现出色彩丰富的图像，因为它只能表

现256种颜色，因此会有图像失真的现象，这是索引色模式的不足之处。索引色模式是根据图像中的像素统计颜色的，然后将统计后的颜色定义

成一个“颜色表”。由于它只能表现256颜色，所以在转换后只选出256种使用最多的颜色放在颜色表中，颜色表以外的颜色程序会选取已有颜

eepen. In General, periodic high priority on learning, easy to grasp and practice: recurrent learning factors, long time, prone to \ning programmes are explicitly required to learn education is not an event, but to highlight the normal education, differentiated levels, heart, catch a fine practice, the real party's ideological and political construction in the everyday, often. This requires that we do a good job phase focused learning based on knowledge contests, comments on rewards in the form, pay special attention to recurring studies. To handle the relationship between solid strong to learn and a lot to learn. For any unit or individual, objectively speaking, in the process of carrying out the party Constitution Party rules and spirit, there is a problem with strong and weak, which we need to pay attention to the actual learning content, and handle the relationship between solid strong to learn and a lot to learn. On one hand, we must always keep a humble attitude, good deal, Continuethe hardening. The other hand, always keep the spirit of energetic, pegged to the weak link to find gaps, fill the short Board. Short Board issues should not be underestimated, the saying goes, have short Board, add a short. This tells us, there are weaknesses shortcomings and do not be afraid, fear is a blind eye and not to repair, the result is poor is worse and the weak weaker. United States politics home zhamusi, and Wilson and prevention crime learn experts qiaozhikailin proposed has a famous of broken window theory, that, if a building House has a fan window of glass broken has, and this fan Windows no get timely repair, others on May to broke more of window glass, time a long, these damaged of window on to people caused a disorder, and matter of feel, results in this mass errors think no attention, and no management of atmosphere Xia, some bad culture, and violations behavior on will breeding and spread. Reality life in the is such, clean of wall Shang, suddenly was posted has aZhang ad, if didn't people management, not out days this wall Shang on will appeared greatly small many of advertising; private take mess built phenomenon is so, began circle a small block to built a small shed put things, if didn't people timely stop, he on dare built a hut live people, time long has didn't people tube, wants to tube Shi on difficult has. Therefore, the solid strong is important, a lot to learn is also important. Third, key, grasp the learning objective of education is to train a qualified party member \on to its core essence is learning and doing. Learning and doing are mutually reinforcing, if optical can't do, study leave, real learning deficiency, while sweating, wind and water, \ng white\came \nd not the mules\ning party rules did not comply with the party Constitution, address the learning series is not used, instead, learn and do, imagine this \ng\do you meet the eligibility requirements of party members. Therefore, the \c learning, the key is in use, do, line. In particular, is a qualified party members to grasp the following three points. To strengthen \guarantee for the great struggle. This aspects XI General Secretary of speech main including exercise thrift, against extravagance mass line is party of lifeline and fundamental work route accurate grasp party of mass line education practice activities of guideline and target requirements set and develop \e strict three real\put power shut into system of cage in using history wisdom advance anti-corruption construction in-depth advance style clean government and anti-corruption struggle develop nail nail of spirit, a Zhang good of blueprint worked to... 9. other aspects. 18 big yilai, XI General Secretary also respectively on diplomatic, and military, and ecological construction, aspects published has important speech, covers has construction ecological civilization, and advance defense and army modern, and rich \o systems\ctice and advance country unified, and go peace development road, and promoted building new powers relationship, and go good around diplomatic work, and strengthening and developing countries solidarity cooperation, and active participation multilateral affairs, and science of thinking and work method, many aspects. XI Jinping, Secretary of a series of important speeches, and further enrich and develop the party's theory, line, principles and policies, the party puts forward new requirements for more contemporary features, the latest achievement of Marxism in China, is a guide to persisting and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics. Four methods. o address the relationship between comprehensive and focused on science. In the process of learning, we should follow as a good study and carry out the \n\e collaborative learning; and with their own jobs, focus research and understanding spirit, grasp the potential requirements. For example, every party member should be according to the various branches of learning program, an article does not go into a link, no leakage of conducting a comprehensive study, and combined with their own duties and responsibilities, be focused and targeted Geoscience. Like, leaders to highlight learning XI on ruling acting political know of deep love of cut dry in practice go in forefront of river new language out poverty XI on coordination advance \ategy layout discusses excerpts XI on full deepening reform discusses excerpts XI on full law ruling discusses excerpts 18 big yilai XI on major economic problem discusses excerpts, discipline to highlight learning XI on strict party of discipline and rules discusses excerpts XI Jinping, on the construction of clean and honest Government and fight against corruption discussed excerpts, technology to highlight the learning of the XI Jinping on technological innovation and discusses excerpts, XI Jinping, education should highlight the important excerpts of work on education and so on. To address the relation between stage and often science. Phase has the advantage of time to focus on fast, to highlight the theme, focused, result; often learn the advantages of flexible fit, form, subtle, continues to

色中最相近的颜色或使用已有颜色模拟该种颜色。因此，索引色模式的图像在256色16位彩色的显示屏幕下所表现出来的效果并没有很大区别。

6、图像格式：

（1）、BMP（*.BMP；*.RLE）

BMP（Windows Bitmap）图像文件最早应用于微软公司推出的Microsoft Windows系统，是一种Windows标准的位图式图形文件格式，它支持

RGB、索引颜色、灰度和位图颜色颜色模式，但不支持Alpha通道。

（2）、TIFF（*.TIF）

TIFF的英文全名是Tagged Image File Format（标记图像文件格式）。此格式便于在应用程序之间和计算机平台之间进行图像数据交换。因

此，TIFF格式应用非常广泛，可以在许多图像软件和平台之间转换，是一种灵活的位图图像格式.TIFF格式支持RGB、CMYK、Lab、Indexed

Color、位图模式和灰度的颜色模式，并且在RGB、CMYK和灰度3种颜色模式中还支持使用通道（Channels)、图层（Layers）和路径（Paths）的

功能，只要在Save As对话框中选中Layers、Alpha Channels、Spot Colors复选框即可。

（3）、PSD（*.PSD）

PSD格式是使用Adobe Photoshop软件生成的图像模式，这种模式支持Photoshop中所有的图层、通道、参考线、注释和颜色模式的格式。在