Practice 15
Chief Justice John Roberts Jr. tried to address growing concerns about ethical behavior and conflicts of interest on the Supreme Court in his annual report on the federal judiciary. But he 1 the heart of the problem: the justices are the only American judges not 2 by a code of ethics. He 3 criticism that justices are 4 from the Judicial Conference’s Code of Conduct, contending that they do “consult” the code, which “plays the same role” for the court as it does for other federal judges.
But he 5 the code’s authority. 6 a justice can ignore the code, all other judges must obey it. If the Supreme Court is serious about 7 an ethics code, there are ways for it to do so without influencing the court’s independence and its 8 role. 9 , the justices should 10 to explaining in written opinions any decisions they make to deny 11 for their recusal, 12 on the most sensitive and confidential issues. They could also 13 adopt the judicial conduct code as they work to adapt it. 14 the court takes these steps, there will be 15 concerns about the justices’ impartiality. It is not enough for the justices to 16 on their own “constant vigilance and good judgment,” as Chief Justice Roberts contends. It is insincere for him to claim that “no 17 of ethical rules can guarantee integrity” 18 no code currently applies to the court. Adopting a conduct code would 19 the rules that apply to the justices and greatly 20 public confidence in the court. 1. [A] acknowledged [B] skirted [C] denounced [D] struck 2. [A] caught [B] punished [C] advanced [D] bound 3. [A] dismissed [B] distorted [C] justified [D] endured 4. [A] absent [B] exempt [C] loose [D] safe 5. [A] misstates [B] underrates [C] admits [D] challenges 6. [A] Since [B] Although [C] If [D] While 7. [A] laying down [B] abiding by [C] depending on [D] conceiving of 8. [A] constitutional [B] outstanding [C] traditional [D] leading 9. [A] For example [B] Above all [C] For starters [D] In principle 10. [A] object [B] adjust [C] confess [D] commit 11. [A] motions [B] appeals [C] associations [D] conventions 12. [A] besides [B] despite [C] like [D] except 13. [A] closely [B] openly [C] passionately [D] reluctantly 14. [A] Until [B] Unless [C] If [D] Although 15. [A] unexpected [B] superfluous [C] private [D] continuing 16. [A] rely [B] comment [C] center [D] act 17. [A] revelation [B] compilation [C] succession [D] collection 18. [A] as [B] while [C] than [D] when 19. [A] clarify [B] observe [C] implement [D] stretch 20. [A] activate [B] manifest [C] enhance [D] aggravate
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Practice 16
Despite the scandals over leaked e-mails at the University of East Anglia, UK, and flawed data in the most recent assessment from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the scientific evidence for global warming remains strong. The question, then, is to what extent have the controversies 1 the public’s trust in climate science or, worse, in the scientists themselves?
There has 2 been some slippage. 3 , a closer look at the data across multiple polls shows that, broadly speaking, the public trusts scientists, believes in global warming and wants governments to do something about it. Yet few climate scientists are likely to take 4 in this news. For them, the real 5 of public trust is the level of political 6 on global warming: if people truly believe the science, then why have so few of them 7 action of their governments? Why is the world still in strong disagreement over climate change?
The problem is that people assess information from any number of 8 , not just scientists. And people—politicians included—make decisions on the basis of 9 and their own hopes, fears and values, which will not necessarily 10 what many researchers deem self-evident. The scientific community must 11 that the issues surrounding climate change resonate with the public and politicians on many different levels. Facts do 12 . Scientists must continue to 13 the public in plain language whenever possible, 14 the evidence for climate change in a clear and 15 way. And they must provide policy-makers in both the public and private sectors with accurate, 16 and timely information. But, 17 the complexity of that evidence, and the many uncertainties that remain, scientists will be only as persuasive as they are 18 —which means that preserving and 19 the public’s trust must be the scientific community’s top 20 . 1. [A] betrayed [B] challenged [C] deceived [D] undermined 2. [A] subtly [B] undoubtedly [C] mysteriously [D] surprisingly 3. [A] However [B] Therefore [C] Hence [D] Indeed 4. [A] satisfaction [B] control [C] charge [D] advantage 5. [A] means [B] method [C] measure [D] medium 6. [A] improvement [B] judgment [C] sentiment [D] engagement 7. [A] took [B] supported [C] demanded [D] hindered 8. [A] perspectives [B] sources [C] chances [D] principles 9. [A] self-development [B] self-interest [C] self-discovery [D] self-image 10. [A] match [B] express [C] accord [D] indicate 11. [A] maintain [B] declare [C] recognize [D] demonstrate 12. [A] work [B] matter [C] multiply [D] disappear 13. [A] engage [B] spur [C] aid [D] persuade 14. [A] laying out [B] figuring out [C] writing out [D] rooting out 15. [A] elaborate [B] flexible [C] impressive [D] compelling 16. [A] unexpected [B] credible [C] prospective [D] confidential 17. [A] given [B] despite [C] except [D] unlike 18. [A] understood [B] expected [C] trusted [D] admitted 19. [A] cultivating [B] representing [C] confirming [D] reconciling 20. [A] tendency [B] advantage [C] attention [D] priority
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Practice 17
Considering that anxiety makes your palms sweat, your heart race, your stomach turn somersaults, and your brain seize up like a car with a broken transmission, it’s no 1 people reach for a sleeping pill to defeat it. 2 in a surprise, researchers who study emotion regulation— how we cope, or 3 to cope, with the daily swirl of feelings—are discovering that many anxious people are bound and determined (though not always consciously) to 4 anxiety. The reason, studies suggest, is that for 5 people anxiety boosts cognitive performance, 6 for others it actually feels comforting. In one recent 7 , psychologist Maya Tamir of Hebrew University in Jerusalem gave 47 undergraduates a standard test of neuroticism, which asks people if they agree with such statements as “I get stressed 8 easily.” She then 9 the volunteers with a list of tasks, either difficult (giving a speech, taking a test) or easy (washing dishes), and asked which emotion they would prefer to be feeling before each. The more neurotic subjects were 10 more likely to choose feeling worried before a demanding task; non-neurotic subjects chose other emotions. Apparently, the neurotics had a good 11 to choose for anxiety: 12 Tamir gave everyone anagrams (a game) to solve, the neurotics who had just written about an event that had caused them anxiety did 13 than neurotics who had 14 a happier memory. Among non-neurotics, 15 themselves in an anxious frame of mind had no 16 on performance. In some cases, the need to experience anxiety can lead to a 17 that looks very much like addiction to anxiety. “There are people who have extreme 18 , but they can’t understand why,” says psychiatrist Harris Stratyner of Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York. 19 , they latch on to any cause to explain what they’re 20 . 1. [A] doubt [B] wonder [C] joke [D] use 2. [A] Hence [B] But [C] Even [D] Only 3. [A] continue [B] start [C] attempt [D] fail 4. [A] cultivate [B] enrich [C] elevate [D] advance 5. [A] most [B] all [C] some [D] every 6. [A] though [B] as [C] while [D] provided 7. [A] plan [B] study [C] journey [D] activity 8. [A] in [B] up [C] on [D] out 9. [A] helped [B] manifested [C] presented [D] left 10. [A] significantly [B] importantly [C] extremely [D] extensively 11. [A] excuse [B] reason [C] reputation [D] mood 12. [A] when [B] unless [C] though [D] if 13. [A] more [B] less [C] worse [D] better 14. [A] regarded [B] recalled [C] reserved [D] recognized 15. [A] putting [B] getting [C] setting [D] involving 16. [A] claim [B] opinion [C] effect [D] relation 17. [A] image [B] vision [C] state [D] thought 18. [A] disturbance [B] agony [C] agitation [D] mystery 19. [A] Therefore [B] Furthermore [C] Meanwhile [D] However 20. [A] learning [B] experiencing [C] choosing [D] feeling
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Practice 18
Today’s politicians seem more comfortable invoking God and religion than they do presenting facts or numbers. Of course, everyone is 1 to his or her own religious beliefs. 2 when science and reason get short-changed, so does America’s future. As we 3 toward the next election, it’s important to keep an 4 on how our political leaders view science and its advances, because their attitudes frequently 5 their approaches toward rational decision-making itself. When Rick Perry says evolution is merely “a theory that’s out there, it’s got some 6 in it,” he’s 7 a fundamental misunderstanding of scientific theory. And when he chooses to pray for the end of a drought 8 critically evaluate climate science, he is displaying the danger of 9 rational approaches with religion in matters of public policy.
What we are seeing in the current presidential race is not so much a 10 between religion and science as a fundamental disregard 11 rational and scientific thinking. All but two of the Republican front runners won’t even consider that man-made global warming might be causing climate change, 12 a great deal of evidence that it is. We know CO2 warms the planet through the greenhouse effect, and we know humans have 13 a huge increase in CO2 in the atmosphere by burning coal and oil. 14 man-made climate change is not proved with 100% certainty does not 15 its dismissal. 16 , an important part of science is understanding uncertainty. When scientists say we know something, we mean we have 17 our ideas with a degree of accuracy over a range of scales. Scientists also 18 the limitations of their theories and define and try to extend the range of 19 . When the method is applied properly, the right results 20 over time. 1. [A] converted [B] submitted [C] obliged [D] entitled 2. [A] And [B] But [C] Although [D] Or 3. [A] head [B] tilt [C] slide [D] rush 4. [A] agreement [B] emphasis [C] impact [D] eye 5. [A] determine [B] incur [C] mirror [D] resemble 6. [A] gaps [B] merits [C] virtues [D] truths 7. [A] dismissing [B] maintaining [C] demonstrating [D] abandoning 8. [A] other than [B] rather than [C] but rather [D] better than 9. [A] describing [B] proving [C] evading [D] replacing 10. [A] interaction [B] cooperation [C] clash [D] barrier 11. [A] for [B] with [C] on [D] by 12. [A] like [B] despite [C] with [D] except 13. [A] introduced [B] created [C] summoned [D] triggered 14. [A] What [B] As [C] Whether [D] That 15. [A] justify [B] excuse [C] veto [D] suspect 16. [A] In turn [B] In addition [C] In fact [D] In brief 17. [A] examined [B] promoted [C] shared [D] tested 18. [A] address [B] ignore [C] resist [D] exploit 19. [A] liability [B] observation [C] applicability [D] rationalization 20. [A] emerge [B] disappear [C] prosper [D] survive
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Practice 19
Who is more likely to lie, cheat, and steal—the poor person or the rich one? It’s 1 to think that the wealthier you are, the more likely you are to act fairly. 2 research suggests the opposite is true: as people climb the social ladder, their compassionate feelings towards other people 3 . Berkeley psychologist Paul Piff 4 several studies looking at whether social class 5 how much we care about the feelings of others. In a study, participants were asked to watch a video while having their heart rates 6 . The video showed children who were suffering from cancer. After watching it, participants 7 how much compassion they felt. The results of the study showed that participants at the lower end of the 8 , with less income and education, were more likely to report feeling compassion. 9 , their heart rates slowed down—a 10 that is associated with paying greater attention to the feelings and motivations of others.
The findings show how upper class individuals are 11 at recognizing the emotions of others and less likely to pay attention to people they are 12 with. But why would wealth and status 13 our feelings of compassion? Piff 14 that the answer may have something to do with how wealth and 15 give us a sense of freedom and independence 16 others. The less we have to rely on others, the less we may care about their feelings. This leads us towards being more 17 . Another reason has to do with our attitudes towards greed. Upper-class people may be more likely to 18 the idea that “greed is good.” Wealthier people are more likely to agree with 19 that greed is justified, beneficial, and morally 20 . 1. [A] thrilling [B] tempting [C] encouraging [D] frustrating 2. [A] But [B] And [C] Though [D] Since 3. [A] increase [B] accumulate [C] expand [D] decline 4. [A] tracked [B] verified [C] ran [D] summarized 5. [A] hinders [B] generates [C] impresses [D] influences 6. [A] monitored [B] regulated [C] altered [D] moderated 7. [A] reflected [B] presented [C] indicated [D] concluded 8. [A] scale [B] latitude [C] range [D] dimension 9. [A] In brief [B] In fact [C] In addition [D] In turn 10. [A] reply [B] response [C] reference [D] return 11. [A] better [B] skilled [C] expert [D] worse 12. [A] interacting [B] acquainting [C] sympathizing [D] integrating 13. [A] strengthen [B] decrease [C] temper [D] spur 14. [A] concludes [B] stresses [C] suspects [D] denies 15. [A] abundance [B] fame [C] hierarchy [D] privilege 16. [A] with [B] from [C] against [D] upon 17. [A] self-reliant [B] self-satisfied [C] self-focused [D] self-fulfilling 18. [A] test [B] endorse [C] popularize [D] emphasize 19. [A] statements [B] formulations [C] announcements [D] sayings 20. [A] exceptional [B] vulnerable [C] identifiable [D] defensible
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考研英语完形填空专项练习(含答案)
