河南大学硕士学位论文
电化学生物传感器的研制及应用
姓名:陈文静申请学位级别:硕士专业:分析化学指导教师:屈建莹
20100501
摘要摘要本文对电化学生物传感器的类型、制备方法以及在分析化学中的应用作了较为详细的评述。在此基础上,采用多种电极材料,对生物材料的固定化方法进行了一系列探索,构筑了多种性能良好的生物传感器,并对其应用进行了研究。各项研究工作简述如下:1.葡萄糖氧化酶生物传感器的制备与应用研究1.1聚中性红修饰玻碳电极研制葡萄糖生物传感器以中性红为电子传递介质,电聚合于Nation修饰玻碳电极表面,以戊二醛作交联剂固定葡萄糖氧化酶,最后覆盖一层Nation膜防止酶流失,构建一种新型葡萄糖生物传感器。详细探讨了传感器的电化学性能及其对葡萄糖的最佳响应条件,结果表明,30℃时,传感器在pH7.0的PBS中线性响应范围为1.0x10"5-5.0x10。mol·L~。该传感器制作简单、性能优良,有潜在应用前景。1.2基于静电吸附碳纳米管和壳聚糖固定葡萄糖氧化酶生物传感器的研究本文以Nation.聚中性红修饰电极为基底,自组装多壁碳纳米管和壳聚糖之后,再固定上葡萄糖氧化酶,制成葡萄糖氧化酶生物传感器。实验表明,该传感器在30℃的PBS(pH7.O)中对葡萄糖的线性响应范围为5.0×10-6~2.0x10弓mol/L,线性相关系数为0.9948,检出限为1.0x10。6mol/L,达到95%稳态电流所用的时间<10S,于4℃环境保存30d后峰电流值约为原来的84.3%,且具有较低的工作电位,能有效地消除抗坏血酸等的干扰。2.辣根过氧化物酶生物传感器的制各与应用研究2.1明胶固定辣根过氧化物酶制各H202传感器用明胶将辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)固定于多壁碳纳米管(MWNT)和茜素红(AR)修饰的玻碳(GC)电极上,制成HRP生物传感器(HRP/AR/MWNT/GC),然后在3%戊二醛(GA)中进行交联改性,以克服明胶膜易溶胀的缺点并提高膜的稳河南大学分析化学专业2007级硕士学位论文陈文静定性。同时详细探讨了该传感器对H202的响应性能,并优化了实验条件。结果表明,该传感器对H202的线性响应范围为5.O×10气1.0x10’3mol/L,线性相关系数为0.9932,检出限为1.0x10。7mol/L,且放于4℃环境30d后,峰电流值约为原来的72.1%。该传感器响应快速,灵敏度高,且具有良好的重现性、稳定性及较长的使用寿命,具有潜在的应用价值。2.2茜素红修饰玻碳电极研制辣根过氧化物酶生物传感器以多壁碳纳米管(MWNT)修饰玻碳电极为基底,自组装一层带负电荷的电子媒介体茜素红(AR),再通过分子间静电作用力吸附固定辣根过氧化物酶(HRP),制成辣根过氧化物酶生物传感器(职P/AR小m17NT/GC)。探讨了媒介体组装时间、pH、温度、工作电位对电极响应的影响。结果表明,该传感器对H202具有良好的催化作用,还原峰电流与H202的浓度在1.0x10。6 ̄1.0x10。3mol/L范围内呈现良好的线性关系:ip=139.4811+1.0537c,R=0.9953,检出限为2.0x10硌mol/L。该传感器响应快速,灵敏度高,且具有良好的重现性、稳定性及较长的使用寿命,具有潜在的应用价值。3.细胞色素c在纳米杂化膜修饰玻碳电极上的直接电化学以多壁碳纳米管(MWNT)修饰玻碳(GC)电极为基底,自组装金纳米粒子(AuNPs)及L一半胱氨酸(L-Cys)研制杂化膜修饰电极(L-Cys/AuNPs/MWNT/GC)。实验表明,该膜修饰电极在PBS(pH7.0)中对细胞色素c(Cytc)的直接电子转移反应具有良好的电催化行为,于0.121V(vs.Ag/AgCl)附近有一对可逆的氧化还原峰,峰电流与浓度在4.037x10"5-3.230x10‘4mol/L范围内呈现良好的线性关系,线性相关系数R--0.9957,检出限是2.423x10~mol/L。该传感器响应快速,性能优良。关键词:葡萄糖氧化酶;辣根过氧化物酶;细胞色素c;多壁碳纳米管;纳米金;Nafiom壳聚糖;明胶;戊二醛;L.半胱氨酸IIAbstractAbstractThisarticledescribedindetailthetypes,preparationmethodsandapplicationsofelectrochemicalbiosensorsinthefieldofanalyticalchemistry.OnthebasisofdifferentelectrodematerialandlOtSofresearchesOilimmobilizationofbio-material,somenovelofthebiosensorsWasfabricated.Electrochemicalbehaviorsandtheirapplicationsresultingmodifiedelectrodeswerestudied.ThemainresearchworkWasasfollows:1.PreparationofGlucoseOxidaseBiosensorsandApplications1.1GlucoseBiosensorBasedonPoly(neutralred)ModifiedGlassyCarbonElectrodeAnovelglucoseoxidasebiosensorWasfabricatedthroughcrosslinkingmethod.Neutralred,whichwasusedastheelectronmediator,electropolymerizedontheNationglucosemodifiedglassycarbonelectrode,formingNR/Nafion/GCoxidaseWasimmobilizedonelectrode.ThenNRfNafion/GCelectrodebyacross—linkerGlutaraldehyde.Lastly,additionalNationmembranepreventtheglucoseoxidasedissipatingfromGlucoseBiosensor.Thebiosensorkeptglucoseinthe1.2Glucosealinearrelationshipwinltheconcentrationofrangeof1.0x104-5.OxlO。mol·L‘1inpH7.0PBSat30℃.BiosensorBasedonOxidaseCarbonNanotubesAndChitosanThroughElectrostaticAdsorptionAnovelglucosebiosensorwasfabricatedbymeansofself-assembledtechniquetoimmobilizeGlucoseOxidase(GOD).NeutralRedwaselectorpolymerizedcarbonelectrode(GCE)modifiedwithNationtoonglassyformapositivelychargedsurface,thenlinkedbyelectrostaticMulti—walledCarbonNanotubes(MWNT)andChitosan(Cs)Wasadsorptionstepbystep,finallyGODwaselectrostaticlyabsorbedinCsfilmtoprepareaglucosebiosensor.Theexperimentsshowedalinearrangetoconcentrationofglucose河南大学分析化学专业2007级硕士学位论文陈文静was5.0×10巧~2.0×10。mol/Lwithat30℃,andresponseadetectionlimitof1.0×10石mol/LinPBS(pH7.0)timeWaslessthan10S.Thebiosensorretained84.3%ofitsafteroriginalpeakcurrentnli啊days.Moreover,theanti-interferenceabilitybiosensorexhibitedgoodreproducibility,highselectivityandtoascorbicacid,etc.2.PreparationofHorseradishPeroxidaseBiosensorsandApplications2.1HydrogenPeroxideBiosensorBasedonGelatinImmobilizingHorseradishPeroxidaseAnovelHydrogenPeroxidebiosensorWaSobtainedbysuccessfullyimmobilizinghorseradishperoxidase(HRP)onaglassycarbon(GC)electrode,whichWasmodifiedwimmulti-walledcarbonnanotubes(MWNT)andalizarinwasimmergedinred(AR).Thenthebiosensor3%glutaraldehyde(GA)inordertoovercometheswellingandimprovethestabilityofthegelatinmembrane.TheexperimentalconditionWasinoptimized,andtheelectrochemistryH202werebehavioroftheHRP/AR/MWNT/GCbiosensorPBS(pH7.0)andexpandeddiscussed.Thebiosensordisplayedrapidresponse1.OxlO。3andlinearresponserangefrom5.0×10。6tOxmoFL俾=0.9932)withdetectionlimitof1.0l0。7mol/LinPBS(pH7.O),aswellasacceptablepreparationreproducibilityandexcellentstability.2·2HorseradishPeroxidaseBiosensorBasedCarbonElectrodeAnovelbiosensorWasfabricatedbymulti—walledcarbononAlizarinRedModifiedGlassynanotubes(MWNT)modifiedglassycarbon(GC)electrodeself-assemblingAlizarinred(art)coatednegativechargeamperometricwithandstaticlyadsorbingwithhorseradishperoxidase(HRP)toexperimentalfabricatebiosensor(HRP/ARJMWNT/GC).ThesensorconditionWaslinearoptimized,andtheresponseofthecorrelationshowedagoodcatalyticbehaviortoH202.ThesensortoofH202isintherangeof1.OxlO。6-1.0xl0刁mol/Lwithacoe伍cient0.9953.ThedetectionlimitofthebiosensorWas2.0x10。8