态要与原句时态保持一致，其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。
We have bought a new computer. 一、语态分类
A new computer has been bought. (正确) 英语动词有两种语态，主动语态和被动语态。主
A new computer have been bought. (错误) 动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语
2.含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时，可分别将其是动作的承受者。如：
中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动，一般变间接宾They will build a new bridge over the river. (主动)
语为主语时比较多。 A new bridge will be built over the river. (被动)
My uncle gave me a present on my birthday. 汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来
I was given a present on my birthday. (保留宾语) 表示被动，而英语用：助动词be+及物动词的过去分
如果把直接宾语(指物)改为主语，则在间接宾语词构成。
(指人)前加适当的介词，如上句还可以说： 二、被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化
A present was given to me yesterday. (1)主要体现在be的变化上，其形式与系动词be
注意：一般在下列动词后，常在间接宾语前用介的变化形式完全一样。以give为例，列表如下：
词to，如：bring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, pay, promise, 一般现在时：am / is / are + given
sell, show, take, teach, tell 等。 一般过去时：was / were +given
The cup with mixture was showed to the class.
一般将来时：shall / will + given
My bike was lent to her.
一般过去将来时：should / would + given
一般在下列动词后，间接宾语前用介词for如：
现在进行时：am / is / are + being + given build, buy, cook, cut, choose, do, fetch, find, fix, get, keep, 过去进行时：was / were + being + given make, order, paint, play, sing 等。 现在完成时：have / has + been + given Mother made me a new skirt. (A new skirt was made 过去完成时：had + been + given for me.)
The meat was cooked for us. 将来完成时：shall / will + have been + given
Some country music was played for us. 过去将来完成时：should / would + have been + given
有些既不用to也不用for，根据动词与介词的搭配注：被动语态没有将来进行时和过去将来进行时。
(2)含有情态动词的被动语态：含有情态动词的被关系。
He ask me a question. (A question was asked of me.) 动语态是由“情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词”构
People all over the world know the Great Wall. 成。
The Great Wall is known to people all over the world.
①You must hand in your compositions after class.
(不用by短语)
Your compositions must be handed in after class. 3.由动词+介词或副词构成的短语动词，要把它们②He can write a great many letters with the computer.
A great many letters can be written with the computer 作为整体看，即把它们看成一个及物动词，介词或副
词不可拆开或漏掉。这类动词有： by him.
不及物动词+介词，如：agree to, ask for, laugh at, (3)主动语态变被动语态的方法：
operated on, listen to, look after, think of, talk about等。 ①My aunt invited me to her dinner party.
The patient is being operated on. 主语 谓语 宾语
The problem is solved. It needn't be talked about. → I was invited (by my aunt ) to her dinner party.
及物动词+副词：如：bring about, carry out, find out, 主语 谓语 宾语
give up, hand in, make out, pass on, point out, put away,
②The school set up a special class to help poor readers.
put off, think over, turn down, work out, turn out等。
→A special class to help poor readers was set up in the
His request was turned down.
school. The sports meet will be put off because of the bad
1.把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。 weather. 2.把主动语态的谓语变成被动语态的be+过去分4.带复合宾语(宾语+宾补)的动词改为被动语态词，时态要与原句保持一致。 时，一般把主动结构中的宾语改为主语，而宾语补足
3.把主动语态的主语变为介词by 的宾语，放在被语保留在谓语动词后面。如： 动语态里谓语动词之后，by短语可以省略。如果原句We always keep the classroom clean. 主语是地点名词，在被动语态中用in+地点名词作状→The classroom is always kept clean. 语。 She told us to follow her instructions.
(4)语态转换时所注意的问题： →We were told to follow her instructions. 1.把主动语态变为被动语态时，其谓语动词的时注意：在see, watch, hear, notice, listen to, look at,
被动语态详解
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make, feel等动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带 to，但改成被动语态后都带to，这时不定式为主语补足语，也就是说不定式作主语补足语不存在省略to 的问题。
We often hear him play the guitar. →He is often heard to play the guitar.
注意：带有复合宾语的句子，如果宾语补足语是名词，变被动句时，应将宾语变为主语，不要误把宾语补足语的名词作主语。如：
Tomatoes were first taken back to Europe and people called them love apples. 误：Love apples were called them. 正：They were called love apples.
还有一种短语动词由动词+名词+介词构成，变被动语态有两种形式，如下： ①We take good care of the books. The books are taken good care of. Good care is taken of the book.
②You must pay attention to your pronunciation. Attention must be paid to your pronunciation. Your pronunciation must be paid attention to. 用于这类结构的短语动词常见的有：catch sight of, make use of, pay attention to, set fire to, take care of, take hold of, take notice of, keep an eye on等。
当主动句的主语是nobody, no one等含有否定意义的不定代词时，被动句中将其变为anybody，作by的宾语，并将谓语动词变为否定的被动语态。如：
Nobody can answer this question.
误：The question can be answered by nobody. 正：The question can not be answered by anybody.
7.当否定句中的宾语是anything, anybody, anyone等不定代词时，在被动句中应将其分别变为nothing, nobody, no one做主语，并将谓语动词变为肯定的被动语态。如：
They haven't done anything to make the river clean. 误：Anything hasn't been done to make the river clean. 正：Nothing has been done to make the river clean.
以who为主语开头的疑问句，变被动时用by whom放在句首：
Who wrote the story?
误：Who was the story written? 正：By whom was the story written?
有些动词既是及物又是不及物，当它们和well, badly, easily等副词连用时，表示主语内在品质或性能，是不及物动词，用主动表示被动，这时不用被动语态，常见的有：write, read, clean, sell, wash, cook等。如： The cloth washes easily. 这布很好洗。
The new product sells well. 这新产品很畅销。 The pen writes smoothly. 这支笔写字很流畅。
注意：下列情况主动句不能改为被动句 第一，感官系动词一般用主动形式表示被动意义，
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如：feel，look, seem, taste, sound, remain等。
—Do you like the material? —Yes, it feels very soft. 误：It is felt very soft.
The food tastes delicious. 误：The food is tasted delicious. The pop music sounds beautiful. 误：The pop music is sounded beautiful.
第二，谓语是及物动词leave, enter, reach, suit, have, benefit, lack, own等。如：
He entered the room and got his book.
误：The room was entered and his book was got. She had her hand burned. 误：Her hand was had burned.
第三，一些不及物动词短语没有被动语态，如：take place, break out, belong to, lose heart, consist of, add up to等。如：
The fire broke out in the capital building. 误：The fire was broke out in the capital building.
第四，不及物动词没有被动语态，如：rise, happen, succeed, remain, lie等。
When we got to the top of the mountain, the sun had already risen.
误：The sun had already been risen.
After the earthquake, few houses remained.
误：After the earthquake, few houses were remained.
第五，宾语是反身代词，相互代词，同源宾语，不定式，v-ing形式及抽象名词等，不能变为被动句子的主语，如：
I taught myself English. 误：Myself was taught English. We love each other. 误：Each other is loved.
11.在汉语中，有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构来表示，例如： 据说?? It is said that ? 据报导?? It is reported that ? 据推测?? It is supposed that ? 希望?? It is hoped that ?
众所周知?? It is well known that ?
普遍认为?? It is generally considered that ? 有人建议?? It is suggested that ? ①It is reported that it is going to rain tomorrow.
②It is well known that Thomas Edison invented the electric lamp.
在英语语言中，被动语态是极常见的语言现象，人们进行语言交际，离不开对被动语态的使用，熟练掌握被动语态也为下一步学习打下良好的基础，在动词-ing 形式，不定式等结构中，都有被动式，都需要运用被动语态的知识去理解。
被动语态详解（Word版）
