Once the T-shirt reaches the retail maret, it is purchased. This stage may seem lie the least
environmentally damaging part. But consider the number of times you5ve washed and dried your favorite T-shirt. Washing machines are certainly becoming more efficient. However, the average American household does 400 loads of laundry per year, using about 40 gallons of water per load. Such ecessive water use is combined with the large amount of energy used by dryers.
The final stage of life is disposal. This releases harmful emissions, or involves a landfill where cotton taes years to brea down. Current US records show that an estimated 15% of clothes and shoes are recycled, which means that consumers send a shocing 85% of these materials to landfills.
We all need new clothes every once in a while, but let’s all try to eep in mind what goes into the production of clothing... It has a real impact on the planet.
There are a lot of things you can do to help reduce your impact. Reuse and recycle clothes. If they5re too worn out to wear, cut them up and use them as cleaning rags. Donate them to charity or another organiation that recycles tetiles. When possible, mae an effort to buy organic cotton. Turn down the thermostat on your washer, and line dry your clothes when the weather will allow it. 43. The underlined phrase “taes a toll” probably means “ ”
A. wastes water B. taes a lot of time C. uses energy D. has a bad effect 44. We can learn from the passage that in the US, . A. pesticides in cotton farming cost over 4 billion dollars every year B. C02 emissions of land transport amount to 1.15 pounds per mile
C. about 15% of the clothes and shoes are made of materials that are recycled
D. about 16, 000 gallons of water is used annually by an average family on laundry 45. What can be inferred from this passage?
A. The production process may affect water safety.
B .The clothing cost is relatively low in China and India.
C. Cotton clothes are buried because they are hard to brea down.
D. The use stage is the least environmentally harmful of the five stages. 46. What is the purpose of this article?
A. To encourage people to donate clothes to charity. B. To promote eco-friendly actions related to clothes. C. To persuade people to purchase more organic cotton. D. To introduce the five stages in the lifecycle of clothing.
D
Eudaimonia is an Ancient Gree word, particularly stressed by the philosophers Plato and Aristotle, which deserves far more attention than it has because it corrects the shortfalls (缺失）in one of the most central, but troubling words in our modem language happiness.
When we nowadays try to clearly epress the purpose of our lives，it is the word “happiness” that we commonly turn to. We tell ourselves and others that the most important principle for our jobs, our relationships and the conduct of our day-to-day lives is the pursuit of happiness. It sounds lie an innocent enough idea, but too much reliance on the term means that we frequently unfairly tend to quit or, at least, heavily question a great many challenging but worthwhile situations. The Ancient Grees did not believe that the purpose of life was to be happy; they proposed that it was to achieve Eudaimonia, a word which has been best translated as “fulfilment”.
What distinguishes happiness from fulfilment is pain. It is very possible to be fulfilled and—at the same time—under pressure, suffering physically or mentally, overburdened and, quite frequently, in an irritable (易怒的）mood. This is a slight psychological difference that is hard for the word “happiness” to capture, for it’s tricy to spea of being happy yet unhappy, or happy yet suffering. However, such a combination is readily accommodated within the respected and noble-sounding idea of Eudaimonia.
The word encourages us to trust that many of life’s most worthwhile projects will sometimes be in conflict with contentment, and yet will be worth pursuing. Properly eploring our professional talents, managing a household, eeping a relationship going, creating a new business venture or engaging in politics... none of these goals are liely to leave us cheerful and grinning on a daily basis. They will, in fact, involve us in all manner of challenges that will deeply ehaust and weaen us, provoe (激怒）and wound us. And yet we will perhaps, at the end of our lives, still feel that the tass were worth undertaing. Through them, we’ll have achieved something deeper and more interesting than happiness.
With the word Eudaimonia in mind, we can stop imagining that we are aiming for a pain-free
eistence—and then blaming ourselves unfairly for being in a bad mood. We’ll now that we are trying to do something far more important than smile all the time we're striving to do justice to our full human potential. 47. What do we now about “Eudaimonia” from the passage? A. It was first created by two Gree philosophers. B . It has received a lot of attention from the public. C. It still has some shortfalls that need to be corrected. D. It was regarded as the purpose of life in ancient Greece. 48. According to Paragraph 3, happiness . A. is the opposite of fulfillment
B. is free from physical or mental pain C. stresses the psychological difference D. serves as a respected and noble life goal 49. We can leam from the passage that . A. aiming for happiness may lead to wrong self-blaming B. goals that wound and weaen us result in happiness
C. challenges leading to contentment are worth undertaing D. feeling fulfilled means we should avoid tough situations 50. The passage encourages the readers to . A. find fulfillment with all efforts B. see for a pain-free eistence C. eep optimistic whatever happens D. balance happiness and suffering
第二节（共5小题；毎小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填人空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余 选项。
Radar is an electronic device that detects planes, ships, coastlines, landmars, and even storm clouds. The name radar comes from the first letters of the words radio direction and ranging. As the human eye uses light waves to see, radar “sees” with radio waves. Without radar, planes could not land safely in bad weather and ships could not move safely in thic fog. 51 In the 1800s it was discovered that radio waves could be reflected from objects. But scientists did not
mae great advances in radar research until the 1930s, when the world was threatened by war. 52 It has been used widely in almost every conflict since then.
Echoes mae it possible for radar to wor. When a beam of radio waves is sent out, it stries on an object and returns an echo. This echo is piced up by radar and recorded on a screen similar to television screen. On the screen an observer sees a flash, or a blip, that shows the direction and distance of the object. 53 Airport control towers use radar to guide planes in for safe landings. Almost all large ships depend on radar to prevent collisions with icebergs or other ships. 54 Weather forecasters “see” the sie, direction, and speed of storms on radar screens. Astronomers can even use radar to measure accurately the distance to the moon. Thus, the device has generated major advancements.
55 Huge radar antennas have been installed all over the United States. They guard us against possible enemy attacs. We have ballistic—missiles (战略导弹)warning systems that can alert us to attacs when missiles are more than 1,000 miles away. Other radar systems warn us against enemy aircraft and even spying space satellites.
A. Police trac speeders in radar-equipped cars. B. These measurements are now highly accurate. C. The device can be used in a wide range of fields.
D. It is therefore especially valuable to shippers and travelers. E. During World War II many countries used radar effectively.
F. Today radar is used by commercial airliners and weather forecasters.
G. Strengthening national defense is one of radar’s most important functions. 第三部分：书面表达（共两节，35分) 第一节（15分）
下面是你的美国朋友Jim给你发的一封邮件。请给他回一封邮件。
Feb. 16, 2018
Dear Li Hua,
Happy Chinese New Year!
According to the Chinese odiac，a baby born this year is a “dog”. So amaing! How many odiac signs are there in Chinese culture? You now, I was born in the summer of 2000. Could you please tell me what my odiac sign is? And what does it mean?
Than you and I’m looing forward to your reply.
Yours，
Jim
(请务必将作文写在答题纸指定区域内）
第二节（20分）
假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。请根据下面四幅图的先后顺序，用英语为校刊写一篇短文，记录今年春节你带奶奶去澳大利亚旅游的经历。 注意：词数不少于60。 提示词：悉尼Sydney
(请务必将作文写在答题纸指定区域内）
海淀区高三年级第二学期期中练习
英 语
参考答案及评分标准 2018.04
第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）
第一节 单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，共15分）
1. A 2. C 3. B 4. C 5. D 6. D 7. C 8. A 9. B 10. D 11. A 12. C 13. B 14. D 15. A
第二节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分） 16. A 17. C 18. C 19. D 20. A 21. B 22. D 23. A 24. C 25. B 26. B 27. C 28. D 29. A 30. A 31. C 32. D 33. B 34. D 35. B
第三部分：阅读理解（共两节，40分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）
36. C 37. C 38. B 39. C 40. B 41.C 42. A 43. D 44. D 45. A 46. B 47. D 48. B 49. A 50. A
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 51. D 52. E 53. B 54. A 55. G
第四部分：书面表达（共两节，35分） 第一节（15分） 一、评分原则：
1．本题总分15分，按4个档次给分。
2．评分时，先根据文章的内容和语言质量初步确定其档次，然后以档次的要求衡量，确定或降低档次，最后给分。
3．评分时应考虑：内容是否完整，条理是否清楚，交际是否得体，语言是否准确。
4．拼写、标点符号或书写影响内容表达时，应视其影响程度予以考虑。英、美拼写及词汇用法均可以接受。
二、各档次的给分范围和要求： 分值 评分标准说明 第一档 (13分—15分) 完全完成了试题规定的任务。 内容完整，条理清楚； 交际得体，表达时充分考虑到了交际的需求；体现出较强的语言运用能力。 完全达到了预期的写作目的。 第二档 基本完成了试题规定的任务。 （9分—12分） 内容、条理和交际等方面基本符合要求； 所用语法和词汇满足了任务的要求； 语法和用词方面有一些错误，但不影响理解。 基本达到了预期的写作目的。 第三档 （4分—8分） 未恰当完成试题规定的任务。 内容不完整； 所用词汇有限，语法或用词方面的错误影响了对所写内容的理解。 未能清楚地传达信息。 第四档 （1分—3分） 未完成试题规定的任务。 写了少量相关信息； 语法或用词方面错误较多，严重影响了对所写内容的理解。 0
未能传达任何信息；写的内容与要求无关。 One Possible Version
Dear Jim,
Than you for your New Year greetings, and I’m very happy about your interest in Chinese odiac.
Actually, there are altogether twelve odiac signs in Chinese culture. As you were born in 2000, the year of dragon, your odiac sign is “dragon”.
Dragon in Chinese culture mainly conveys two meanings. First, it is the symbol of power and nobleness. Second, Chinese dragon delivers the meaning of being outstanding and etraordinary. Parents often put Chinese character “Long”, which means dragon, in ids’ name to show their higher epectations.
That’s all about my brief introduction. Hoping it’ll help you have a better understanding of China. If you have any further question, please let me now.
Yours, Li Hua
第二节（20分） 一、评分原则：
1．本题总分为20分，按5个档次给分。
2．评分时，先根据文章的内容和语言质量初步确定其档次，然后以该档次的要求衡 量，确定
或调整档次，最后给分。
3．评分时应考虑：内容要点的完整性、上下文的连贯、词汇和句式的多样性及语言的准确性。
北京市海淀区2018届高三第二学期期中练习（一模）英语
