中文摘要样例
论经济结构和人才结构的不适应性
——从我国就业市场的结构性矛盾看教育改革
摘要
随着经济改革的逐步推进，我国的就业问题日益突出。中国劳动力市场存在结构性矛盾：总体上劳动力供过于求，而局部劳动力供求不匹配。出现了诸如中西部人才紧缺，沿海城市人才过于集中；技术性人才紧缺；农村劳动力因人力资本投入不足，虽然廉价但适用性差；毕业大学生就业难，工资水平不断下降等现象。
导致这种现象的原因在于各种企事业单位的岗位设置决定了社会对劳动力的需求，而劳动力培养的类型与数量则由教育机构决定。双方决策的出发点不同导致劳动力的供求不能有效结合，这意味着至少有一方必须做出调整。
本文从我国的就业市场的现状出发，从经济学的角度分析了就业结构性矛盾的成因，并就这种结构性矛盾的根本解决，提出了我国教育领域的改革建议。
关键词：就业，结构性失业，经济结构，教育改革
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英文摘要样例
On Inadaptability Between the Structures of Economy
and Human Resource
-- Education Reform Suggestions based on the Structural Contradiction in China’s Labour Market
Abstract
As the economic reform progresses, the unemployment in China becomes a prominent issue. Structural contradiction lies in our labour market. The supply of labour surpasses the demand on the whole, while mismatch between supply and demand of labour exists partly. Middle and western areas of China are in urgent need of talents while coastal cities swarms with them. Technicians and technical workers are in demand. For lack of human capital investment, rural labour force finds it difficult to be employed in spite of low wages. College graduates are also faced with the problem of unemployment. Their level of wage is dropping. All kinds of job vacancies decide the demand of labour while labour supply is decided by educational organizations. The mismatch between the demand and the supply means the adaptation of at least one side. This thesis gives a description of the situation of the present labour market and an economical analysis of reasons for the structural contradiction in it, and provides corresponding solutions on education reform.
Key Words: employment, structural unemployment, economic
structure, education reform
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中文目录样例
目录
绪论 ..................................................................... 1 第一章 就业市场介绍 ................................................... 1
（一）就业形势综述 ...................................................... 1 （二）劳动力市场存在的问题 .............................................. 2
1．总体劳动力过剩，GDP的就业弹性不足 .............................. 2 2．局部供求不匹配，存在结构性矛盾 .................................. 2
第二章 原因分析 ........................................................ 5
（一）中国的经济结构与单元人才结构矛盾 .................................. 5
1．我国的经济结构分析 .............................................. 5 2．人才结构与经济结构的矛盾 ........................................ 9 （二）就业的地区差异：沿海城市人才拥挤，中西部人才紧缺 ................. 12
第三章 对策分析 ....................................................... 13
（一）限制高校扩招，保持教育规模与经济发展相适应 ....................... 13 （二）高等院校作出相应调整保证教育质量 ................................. 14 （三）政府应当继续加大发展中技校的力度 ................................. 14 （四）改革初等教育，通过分流等手段让学生的出路多元化 ................... 15 （五）加强劳动就业培训，促进农村剩余劳动力就业 ......................... 16 （六）关于就业地区性差异的对策 ......................................... 16
结论 .................................................................... 17 参考文献 ............................................................... 18
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目录样例
CONTENTS
Introduction ................................................................................................................................................. 1 Chapter One An Introduction of Labour Market ........................................................................... 1
1.1 An Overview of the Labour Market Situation ..................................................................................... 1 1.2 Problems in the Labour Market ........................................................................................................... 2
1.2.1 Oversupply of Labour and Low Elasticity of Employment .................................................... 2 1.2.2 Mismatch Between Supply and Demand and Structural Confliction ..................................... 2
Chapter Two Analysis of Reasons ......................................................................................................... 5
2.1 The Contradiction Between the Structure of Economy and Human Resource .................................... 5
2.1.1 Analysis of Economic Structure ............................................................................................. 5 2.1.2 Analysis of Human Resource Structure and the Contradiction .............................................. 9 2.2 Regional Differences of Employment ............................................................................................... 12
Chapter Three Analysis of Solutions ............................................................................................... 13
3.1 Restrictions to the Enlargement of High Schools .............................................................................. 13 3.2 Adjustment for High Schools ............................................................................................................ 14 3.3 Enhance Technique Schools .............................................................................................................. 14 3.4 Reform of Elementary Schools ......................................................................................................... 15 3.5 Enhance Training System of Technique Skills .................................................................................. 16 3.6 Solutions for Regional Differences of Employment ......................................................................... 16
Conclusion ................................................................................................................................................ 17 Bibliography .............................................................................................................................................. 18
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