GB 7258—20××
代替 GB 7258—2012
机动车运行安全技术条件
Technical specifications for safety of power-driven vehicles operating on roads
GB 7258—20××
目录
前言 ················································································································ VI 引言 ··············································································································· XII 1 范围 ·························································································································· 1 2 规范性引用文件 ·········································································································· 1 3 术语和定义················································································································· 2 3.1 机动车 POWER-DRIVEN VEHICLE ·················································································· 3 3.2 汽车 MOTOR VEHICLE ······························································································· 3 3.2.1 载客汽车 passenger vehicle ················································································· 3 3.2.1.1 乘用车 passenger car ··················································································· 3 3.2.1.2 旅居车 motor caravan ·················································································· 3 3.2.1.3 客车 bus··································································································· 3 3.2.1.3.1 未设置乘客站立区的客车 bus without standing passenger area ··························· 3 3.2.1.3.1.1 公路客车 interurban bus ····································································· 3 3.2.1.3.1.2 旅游客车 touring bus ········································································ 3 3.2.1.3.1.3 未设置乘客站立区的公共汽车 public bus without standing passenger area ······· 4 3.2.1.3.1.4 专用客车 special bus ········································································· 4 3.2.1.3.2 设有乘客站立区的客车 bus with standing passenger area ·································· 4 3.2.1.4 校车 school bus ·························································································· 4 3.2.1.4.1 幼儿校车 school bus for infants ································································· 4 3.2.1.4.2 小学生校车 school bus for primary student···················································· 4 3.2.1.4.3 中小学生校车 school bus for primary and middle school student ·························· 4 3.2.1.4.4 专用校车 special school bus ····································································· 4 3.2.2 载货汽车 goods vehicle ····················································································· 4 3.2.2.1 半挂牵引车 semi-trailer towing vehicle ····························································· 4 3.2.2.2 低速汽车 low-speed vehicle ··········································································· 4 3.2.2.2.1 三轮汽车 tri-wheel vehicle ······································································· 4 3.2.2.2.2 低速货车 low-speed goods vehicle ······························································ 5 3.2.3 专项作业车 special motor vehicle ········································································· 5 3.2.4 气体燃料汽车 gaseous fuel vehicle ······································································· 5 3.2.5 两用燃料汽车 bi-fuel vehicle ·············································································· 5 3.2.6 双燃料汽车 dual-fuel vehicle ··············································································· 5 3.2.7 纯电动汽车 battery electric vehicle ······································································· 5 3.2.8 插电式混合动力汽车 plug-in hybrid electric vehicle ·················································· 5 3.2.9 燃料电池汽车 fuel cell electric vehicle ··································································· 5 3.2.10 教练车 training vehicle ····················································································· 5 3.2.11 残疾人专用汽车 vehicle for handicapped driving ····················································· 5 3.3 挂车 TRAILER ········································································································ 5 3.3.1 牵引杆挂车 draw-bar trailer ················································································ 6
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3.3.2 中置轴挂车 centre axle trailer ·············································································· 6 3.3.3 半挂车 semi-trailer ··························································································· 6 3.3.4 旅居挂车 caravan ····························································································· 6 3.4 汽车列车 COMBINATION OF VEHICLES ··········································································· 6 3.4.1 乘用车列车 passenger/car trailer combination ··························································· 6 3.4.2 货车列车 goods road train ·················································································· 6 3.4.2.1 牵引杆挂车列车 draw-bar trailer combination ····················································· 6 3.4.2.2 中置轴挂车列车 centre axle trailer combination ··················································· 6 3.4.3 铰接列车 articulated vehicle ················································································ 6 3.5 危险货物运输车辆 ROAD TRANSPORTATION VEHICLE FOR DANGEROUS GOODS··························· 7 3.6 摩托车 MOTORCYCLE AND MOPED ················································································ 7 3.6.1 普通摩托车 motorcycle ····················································································· 7 3.6.1.1 两轮普通摩托车 motorcycle with two wheels······················································ 7 3.6.1.2 边三轮摩托车 motorcycle with sidecar ······························································ 7 3.6.1.3 正三轮摩托车 rightthree-wheeled motorcycle······················································ 7 3.6.2 轻便摩托车 moped ··························································································· 7 3.6.2.1 两轮轻便摩托车 moped with two wheels ··························································· 7 3.6.2.2 正三轮轻便摩托车 right three-wheeled moped ···················································· 7 3.7 拖拉机运输机组 TRACTOR TOWING TRAILER FOR TRANSPORTATION ······································· 8 3.8 轮式专用机械车 WHEELED MOBILE MACHINERY FOR SPECIAL PURPOSES ·································· 8 3.9 特型机动车 SPECIAL-SIZED VEHICLE············································································· 8 4 整车 ·························································································································· 8 4.1 整车标志 ··············································································································· 8 4.2 外廓尺寸 ············································································································· 10 4.3 轴荷和质量参数 ···································································································· 11 4.4 核载 ··················································································································· 11 4.4.1 质量参数核定 ································································································· 11 4.4.2 乘用车、旅居车乘坐人数核定 ············································································ 12 4.4.3 客车乘员数核定 ······························································································ 12 4.4.4 其他机动车的乘坐人数核定（摩托车除外） ·························································· 13 4.4.5 摩托车乘坐人数核定 ························································································ 13 4.4.6 特殊规定 ······································································································· 13 4.5 比功率 ················································································································ 13 4.6 侧倾稳定性及驻车稳定角 ························································································ 14 4.7 图形和文字标志 ···································································································· 14 4.8 外观 ··················································································································· 15 4.9 漏水检查 ············································································································· 15 4.10 漏油检查 ··········································································································· 15 4.11 车速表指示误差（最大设计车速不大于40KM/H的机动车除外） ···································· 15 4.12 行驶轨迹 ··········································································································· 15 4.13 驾驶人耳旁噪声要求 ···························································································· 15 4.14 环保要求 ··········································································································· 16 4.15 产品使用说明书 ·································································································· 16
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4.16 乘用车列车的特殊要求 ························································································· 18 4.17 其他要求 ··········································································································· 18 5 发动机和驱动电机 ····································································································· 19 6 转向系 ····················································································································· 19 7 制动系 ····················································································································· 20 7.1 基本要求 ············································································································· 20 7.2 行车制动 ············································································································· 20 7.3 应急制动和剩余制动性能 ························································································ 21 7.4 驻车制动 ············································································································· 21 7.5 辅助制动 ············································································································· 22 7.6 液压制动的特殊要求 ······························································································ 22 7.7 气压制动的特殊要求 ······························································································ 22 7.8 储气筒 ················································································································ 23 7.9 制动报警装置 ······································································································· 23 7.10 路试检验制动性能 ······························································································· 23 7.10.1 基本要求 ····································································································· 23 7.10.2 行车制动性能 ······························································································· 23 7.10.2.1 用制动距离检验行车制动性能 ····································································· 23 7.10.2.2 用充分发出的平均减速度检验行车制动性能 ··················································· 24 7.10.2.3 制动踏板力或制动气压要求 ········································································ 25 7.10.2.4 合格判定要求 ·························································································· 25 7.10.3 驻车制动性能 ······························································································· 25 7.11 台试检验制动性能 ······························································································· 26 7.11.1 行车制动性能 ································································································ 26 7.11.1.1 制动力百分比要求 ···················································································· 26 7.11.1.2 制动力平衡要求（两轮、边三轮摩托车、前轮距小于或等于460mm的正三轮摩托车和轻便摩托车除外） ······························································································ 26 7.11.1.3 制动协调时间要求 ···················································································· 27 7.11.1.4 车轮阻滞率要求 ······················································································· 27 7.11.1.5 合格判定要求 ·························································································· 27 7.11.2 驻车制动性能 ································································································ 27 7.11.3 检验结果的复核····························································································· 27 8 照明、信号装置和其他电气设备 ··················································································· 27 8.1 基本要求 ············································································································· 27 8.2 照明和信号装置的数量、位置、光色和最小几何可见度 ················································ 27 8.3 照明和信号装置的一般要求 ····················································································· 28 8.4 车身反光标识和车辆尾部标志板 ··············································································· 28 8.5 前照灯 ················································································································ 29 8.5.1 基本要求 ······································································································· 29 8.5.2 远光光束发光强度要求 ····················································································· 29 8.5.3 光束照射位置要求 ··························································································· 30 8.6 其他电气设备和仪表 ······························································································ 30 9 行驶系 ····················································································································· 32
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9.1 轮胎 ··················································································································· 32 9.2 车轮总成 ············································································································· 33 9.3 悬架系统 ············································································································· 33 9.4 空气悬架 ············································································································· 33 9.5 其他要求 ············································································································· 33 10 传动系 ··················································································································· 33 10.1 离合器 ·············································································································· 33 10.2 变速器和分动器 ·································································································· 33 10.3 传动轴 ·············································································································· 34 10.4 驱动桥 ·············································································································· 34 10.5 超速报警和限速功能 ···························································································· 34 10.6 车速受限车辆的特殊要求 ······················································································ 34 11 车身 ······················································································································ 35 11.1 基本要求 ··········································································································· 35 11.2 客车的特殊要求 ·································································································· 35 11.3 货运机动车的特殊要求 ························································································· 35 11.4 摩托车的特殊要求 ······························································································· 36 11.5 车门和车窗 ········································································································ 36 11.6 座椅（卧铺） ····································································································· 37 11.7 内饰材料和隔音、隔热材料 ··················································································· 38 11.8 号牌板（架） ····································································································· 38 11.9 汽车电子标识安装 ······························································································· 38 11.10 其他要求 ·········································································································· 39 12 安全防护装置 ·········································································································· 39 12.1 汽车安全带 ········································································································ 39 12.2 间接视野装置 ····································································································· 39 12.3 前风窗玻璃刮水器 ······························································································· 40 12.4 应急出口 ··········································································································· 40 12.4.1 基本要求 ····································································································· 40 12.4.2 应急门 ········································································································ 40 12.4.3 应急窗和撤离舱口 ························································································· 41 12.4.4 标志············································································································ 41 12.5 燃料系统的安全保护 ···························································································· 41 12.6 气体燃料专用装置的安全防护 ················································································ 42 12.7 牵引车与被牵引车的连接装置 ················································································ 43 12.8 货车、专项作业车前下部防护要求 ·········································································· 43 12.9 货车、专项作业车和挂车侧面及后下部防护要求 ························································ 43 12.10 客车的特殊要求 ································································································· 43 12.11 货车的特殊要求 ································································································· 43 12.12 危险货物运输车辆的特殊要求 ··············································································· 44 12.13 纯电动汽车、插电式混合动力汽车的特殊要求 ························································· 44 12.14 三轮汽车和拖拉机运输机组的特殊要求 ··································································· 45 12.15 其他要求 ·········································································································· 45
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交通运输行业机动车运行安全技术条件标准规范
