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名词后缀
-or/er/ess/crat/cis:做某件事情或职业的人或物:worker, debtor -acy, 表示/性质,状态,境遇/ democracy, accuracy, diplomacy
-ance, -ence表示/性质,状况,行为,过程,总量,程度/ importance, diligence, difference, obedience
-ancy, -ency, 表示/性质,状态,行为,过程/ frequency, urgency, efficiency -dom, 表示/等级,领域,状态/ freedom, kingdom, wisdom
-hood, 表示/资格,身份,年纪,状态/ childhood, manhood, falsehood
.....常用词性后缀
-ion, -sion, -tion, -ation, -ition, 表示/行为的过程,结果,状况/ action, solution, conclusion, destruction, expression, correction
-ism, 表示/制度,主义,学说,信仰,行为/ socialism, criticism, colloquialism, heroism -ity, 表示/性质,状态,程度/ purity, reality, ability, calamity
-ment, 表示/行为,状态,过程,手段及其结果 treatment, movement, judgment, punishment, argument
-ness, 表示/性质,状态,程度/ goodness, kindness, tiredness, friendliness -ship, 表示/情况,性质,技巧,技能及身份,职业/ hardship, membership, friendship -th, 表示/动作,性质,过程,状态/ depth, wealth, truth, length, growth -tude, 表示/性质,状态,程度/ latitude, altitude(海拔)
-ure, 表示/行为,结果/ exposure, pressure, failure, procedure(手续) “学术”
-grapy, 表示/……学,写法/ biography, calligraphy, geography
-ic, ics, 表示/……学……法/ logic, mechanics, electronics, linguistics -ology, 表示/……学……论/biology, zoology, technology(工艺学) -nomy, 表示/……学……术/ astronomy, economy, bionomy(生态学) 形容词后缀
“属性,倾向,相关” -able, -ible, visible, flexible -ent,-ant violent -al -ar -ary -ac,ical -ing
N-ish foolish, bookish, selfish(注意accomplish, vanish) -ive active, sensitive, productive -ory
“想像,类似” -ish -ly -like
-ly manly, fatherly, scholarly, motherly -some -y
“充分”
-ful, beautiful, wonderful, helpful, truthful
-ous, dangerous, generous, courageous, various -ent, violent “方向” -ern,
-ward, downward “倍数”
-ble,double, treble -ple, triple
-fold, twofold, tenfold -most, foremost, topmost
-less, 表示否定 countless, stainless, wireless --ior interior 动词后缀
-ize, ise, 表示/做成,变成,……化/ modernize, mechanize, democratize, organize -en, 表示/使成为,引起,使有/ quicken, weaken, soften, harden -fy, 表示/使……化,使成/ beautify, purify, intensify, signify, simplify -ish, 表示/使,令/ finish, abolish, diminish, establish
-ate(-adj), 表示/成为……,处理,作用/ separate, operate, indicate 副词后缀
(adj)-ly:bad→badly坏地,恶劣地,careful→carefully小心地
-wise(OE):clock→clockwise(a./adv.)顺时针方向的(地); like→likewise同样地
-wards/ward:out→outwards向外面地,north→northwards向北方地 inward 内心的
纯否定 no- non- in- /im /il /ir dis- un- neg- 错误,坏等否定 mal- miss-
相反,对立 anti-/ant contra-/contro-/counter ob-/ab-
共同,相等 co-/con-/com-/col/cor- sy-/syn-/syl-/sym- equa-/equi- 方向,到达 ad ac ab af ag al ap ar as at 附近,周围 by- para-
小Mini- , micro ., -ette(cigarette, cassette) -et ,(wallet, ballet, pocke,ticket) 大Macro, magn- mega- grand- maj-/ max-/ may-
以前,前面Ante- /anti- (anticipant, antique, antecedents, ancient ,)fore- for- pro- pre- 之后,后面After- ex- back- post-
超过, 上Super/sup- over- up extra- 下Sub- under- vice- down- 外面Out- ex-/ec-/ ef/ es- 内Interr- in- /il-/ im- /ir-
具有多种词性的英语后缀
具有名词与形容词两种词性的后缀:? -al
形容词:personal, parental, natural
名词:refusal, proposal, approval, denial, survival, trial
-tive
形容词:active, passive, positive, negative
名词:detective, representative代表、代表的, relative亲戚, 相关的
例句:Success is a relative term, it brings so many relatives. ----by Bernard Shaw -ant
形容词:ignorant, assistant, attendant服务员
buoyant----buoy(浮标,救生圈) + ant----有浮力的, 轻快的 ????buoy----bu(来源于bubble气泡,拟声词)+oy(小东西) ??????????????????????????????????????? ?boy小男孩
名词:examinant主考官, applicant申请者, servant, participant -ent
形容词:existent, dependent, emergent
名词: resident, patient, solvent溶剂, detergent洗洁精,去污剂 -ic
形容词:periodic, cubic, magnetic磁性的, electronic
名词:critic评论者、批评家, mechanic技工、机械师, logic逻辑, rhetoric 修辞学 -ine
形容词:feminine女性的、阴柔的, nervine神经的, reverine河流的 名词:heroine,doctrine教义,routine程序、常规, concubine妾、姘妇 ???? Concubine----con+ cub(cube立方,cubby小房间) + ine -ar
形容词:familiar, similar, linear线性的, peculiar奇特的
名词:scholar学者, liar说谎者, peddler小贩子, burglar夜贼hamburger到KFC偷汉堡的人 -ory/-ary
形容词:advisory忠告的, contradictory矛盾的, imaginary, elementary
名词:
inventory库存目录(invent找到,发明――库存目录就是让你找到需要的存货)
dormitory---dorm+ itory----睡觉的地方词根dormant休眠的,休眠火山dormant volcano, 潜伏期dormant period;domicile住宅,住所;dormitive 安眠药 -atory 场所 Observatory 天文台 Laboratory 实验室
Lavatory 盥洗室? lav-流动? lava 岩浆?? lavish a. 非常丰富的,浪费的 v. lavish on浪费… dictionary, piscary=fishery捕鱼场 p-f互换 -ile 形容词
agile ---ag(act) + ile---可以动的----引申为灵活的 ductile---duct引导+ ile易延展的
introduce介绍,引入。conduct完全引导――1)指导,管理;2)行为 fertile 肥沃的
辨析:conference, reference, deference, inference juvenile ----juven(junior)+ ile 年轻的 fragile---frag(fracture) +ile---易碎的
flexile---flex(flic折叠)----可弯曲的,引申为可变通的 servile---奴性的? 名词
Missile---miss发送+ ile物体----导弹 Textile---text(编织)+ile----纺织品 Context----把文字编织在一起-----上下文语境 Pretext(笔)----提前编织好-----借口=excuse(口)
Automobile
Domicile--dom(dormitory)----住宅,住所 同时具有形容词与动词含义的后缀-ish 1)具有...性质的(通常为贬义) bookish书呆子气的
辨析:childish, childly, childlike ?????? ?? manish, manly, manlike 2)稍微的
coldish, yellowish偏黄的 3)语言
English, Finish, Spanish 4)动词
establish, diminish使缩小,vanish消失, flourish使繁荣,使兴旺 具有三种词性的后缀
-ly同时具有副词,名词与形容词与含义
副词:namely, similarly, badly严重的、恶劣的 80% 形容词:weekly, friendly, homely, costly??????? 10% 名词:weekly周刊,monthly月刊,quarterly季刊 10 % 请问ate-是什么词性?
大多数人认为,ate结尾的单词一定是动词,其实还有许多-ate结尾的单词还可能是形容词,名词。根据统计,他们的分布大约是: 1)动词70%
accelerate加速, differentiate区分, originate起源 2)形容词15%
moderate, fortunate, private, considerate, passionate?